Energy muviri, izvo kunoitika mumasero zvose mupenyu muviri, rinonzi dissimilation. Zviri muunganidzwa manyowa zvinoitwa Organic yeimwe, umo imwe yakawanda simba asunungurwa.
Dissimilation kunoitika zviviri kana zvitatu matanho, zvichienderana kwemarudzi zvipenyu. Saka, muna Kurovedza simba muviri chinosanganisira regadziriro, anoxic uye okisijeni nzendo. In anaerobes (zvipenyu vanokwanisa kushanda okisijeni isina ezvinhu) dissimilation hakurevi rokupedzisira pachikuva.
The yokupedzisira danho iri simba muviri aerobes inoguma kupedza oxidation. Kana cleavage iyi shuga mamorekuru nokuumbwa simba, iyo pamwe pakugadzirwa ATP.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ATP kwetunhu rikaitika nedanho phosphorylation apo ADP wanamatira ane inorganic phosphate. Saka adenosine triphosphate iri synthesized mu mitochondria dzinobatanidza ATP synthase.
Sei kunoitika munguva paumbwe simba kubatana?
Adenosine uye phosphate zvinobatana kuumbika ATP uye simba chisungo, iyo yakawandisa paumbwe vanenge 30.6 KJ / mol. ATP inopa simba masero, sezvo inokosha mari yayo anosunungurwa panguva hydrolysis ndiye simba-mupfumi ATP zvisungo.
Molecular muchina, riri basa kwetunhu ATP wakananga synthase. Inoitwa zvikamu zviviri. Mumwe wavo ari Kamudzira uye ari kupa protons kuwira mukati mitochondria. Kana simba ichi asunungurwa izvo dzakaonekwa nemamwe STRUCTURAL chikamu ATP anonzi F1. It unotora munhu stator uye rotor. A stator fixedly riri Kamudzira uye unosanganisira Delta nzvimbo, uye alpha- uye Beta-subunits, izvo basa makemikari kwetunhu ATP. The rotor unotora wegamma uye epsilon subunits. Chikamu ichi ari kugadzira, vachishandisa simba raJehovha Purotoni. Izvi zvinopa ATP synthase usage kana protons pamwe rokunze Kamudzira pamusoro mitochondria rinotungamirirwa kurutivi pakati.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nemakemikari muchitokisi noruzhinji spatial arayira. Products kwemakemikari aiita kuti zvinhu anoparadzirwa asymmetrically (chokwadi mhosva ions kupinda rimwe divi, nepo isakarurama mhosva nezvimedu vanotumirwa mhiri), zvichiita Kamudzira electrochemical mukana. Inoitwa kwemakemikari uye magetsi zvinoriumba. Zvinofanira kunzi zvinogona iri pemvura mitochondria inova zvakasikwa muchimiro simba chekuchengeta.
muenzaniso uyu yakawanikwa pedyo Chirungu musayendisiti P. Mitchell. Zvinonzi vaifunga kuti fuma mushure oxidation asingadi kutora chimiro mamorekuru, uye zvakanaka nezvakaipa mhosva ions, izvo kuiswa pakatarisana kumativi Kamudzira pakati mitochondria. kubvuma Izvi zvinobvira elucidate yezvakaita Links pakati paumbwe simba-mupfumi phosphate ari kwetunhu ATP, uyewo kuzoumba pfungwa chemiosmotic ichi kuita.