Chii chinonzi lithosphere?

Iyo yekona, jasi uye bark ndiyo chimiro chemukati cheNyika. Uye chii chinonzi lithosphere? Iri ndiro zita rekunze kwechimiro chepasi chepasi redu. Inosanganisira pasi rose rakaputika uye chikamu chepamusoro chemukati.

Mune chimiro chakareruka, the lithosphere ndiyo yakakwirira yePasi, ine zvikamu zvitatu. Munyika yesayenzi hakuna tsanangudzo isinganzwisisiki yemafungiro epasiki ino. Uye nharo dzayo dziri kuramba dzichitaura nezvekuumbwa kwayo. Asi maererano neruzivo rune ruzivo, zvakafanana iwe unogona kuita pfungwa huru pamusoro peiyo lithosphere iri.

Chimiro, kunyorwa uye miganhu

Pasinei nokuti chokwadi chinonzi lithosphere chinonyatsofukidza pasi rose uye nechokumusoro chepfeko, inorema yakaenzana inongoratidzwa chete muzana rimwe chete rehuwandu hwepasi rose redu. Kunyange zvazvo shell yacho ine zvinyorwa zvishoma, kuongororwa kwayo zvakanyanyisa kwakakonzera mibvunzo yakawanda, uye kwete izvo chete icho lithosphere, asiwo kubva kune zvinyorwa zvinoumbwa, mune imwe nyika iri mumativi akasiyana.

Chikamu chikuru chegomba iri rine matombo akaoma, ayo ari pamucheto nejasi ane purasitiki. Chimiro chekudengenyeka kwepasi kunoratidzirwa nemapuranga akachengeteka uye nzvimbo dzekunyora.

Nzvimbo yepasi yakakura yakasiyana uye inokwanisa kubva kumakilomita 25 kusvika ku2002. Pasi pegungwa, iro rakapfava - kubva pamakiromita mashanu kusvika ku100. Pasi re lithosphere rakasungwa nemamwe mabhomba: hydrosphere (mvura) uye mumhepo (mhepo).

Iyo yakagadzika inoumbwa nematatu matatu:

• Sedimentary;
• Granite;
• Basaltic.

Nokudaro, kana tikatarisa kuti chii chinonzi chipsphere chiri mucheka, chichafanana nechikafu chakatsvuka. Nheyo yaro ndeyebasalt, uye pamusoro iyo yakafukidzwa ne sedimentary layer. Pakati pavo, muchimiro chekuzadza, granite.

Izvo zvinyorwa zve sedimentary pamakondinendi zvakasikwa semugumisiro wekuparadzwa nekugadziriswa kwegranite uye mabhasi ebasaltic. Pasi pegungwa gadziriro yakadaro inoumbwa semugumisiro wekuwedzerwa kwemasango emvura anoitwa nenzizi kubva kumakondinendi.

Iyo granite layer inosanganisira metamorphic uye igneous matombo. Panyika dzekondinendi, inoshandisa nzvimbo yepakati pakati pezvimwe zvikamu, uye pamusoro pegungwa pasi haisi zvachose. Zvinotendwa kuti mukati memwoyo wepasi ndeye bhasalt, yakagadzirwa nemasvingo ane simba.

Nzvimbo yepasi inenge isiri monolith, inoumbwa nemadziro akasiyana, anonzi lithospheric plate, ayo ari mukufamba nguva dzose. Vanoratidzika sevanotenderera pane plastiki asthenosphere.

Zvinetso zvezvakakonzera zve lithosphere

Nokuda kwenguva yaro iripo, vanhu mumabasa ehupfumi ave achishandisa zvikamu zvezvikamu zve lithosphere. Kudengenyeka kwenyika kune zvose zvicherwa zvinowanzoshandiswa nevanhu, uye kubviswa kwavo kubva mumoyo kunowedzera.

Nekukosha kwakanyanya ivhu - kuchengetedzwa kwevhu rakazara ye lithosphere nhasi ndeimwe yezvinetso zvinokurumidza zvinoda kuti pakarepo kugadziriswa.

Zvimwe zvinotanga kuitika mukati mevhopupepu, somuenzaniso, kudengenyeka, kupera kwemvura, mudslides, kunogona kukonzerwa nebasa re anthropogenic uye rinotyisa. Haisi kungobatsira chete kuumbwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu epakati mune dzimwe nzvimbo, asi zvinogonawo kutungamirira kune njodzi dzinokonzera njodzi.