Russian Space Art. Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov: Biography, zvinyorwa

Name Russian muzivi Nikolai Fedorov kare kuvanzika kuruzhinji, asi iye asina kukanganwa, nekuti pfungwa dzake dzakafuridzirwa masayendisiti hunoshamisa akadai Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky, Nikolay Aleksandrovich Naumov.

Vazivi Russian remakore rechi19 uye kutanga hafu rechi20 Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolay Berdyaev, Pavel Florensky, Sergei Bulgakov nevamwe zvikuru akaonga Fedorov pfungwa uye Vladimir Nikolaevich them mu nyaya yake "Nikolai Fedorov uye St. Serafim Sarovsky" anoisa mbiri vanhu ava pasi vanhuwo mudariro somunhu mutero mukuru kunamata uye wechokwadi wechiKristu utsvene Nikolai Fedorovich.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

N. Fedorov Biography rine zvakawanda mavara machena. Hatigoni kutaura kuti akanga akaroora, kana vana vakanga. Zvinonzi chete anozivikanwa kuti akaberekwa Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov, May 26 (7 June) 1829. ruzivo Personal haina kuchengeta mai vake. Aiva mubvandiripo mwanakomana Prince Pavel Ivanovich Gagarin. Sezvo mubvandiripo kana Nikolay kana munin'ina wake nehanzvadzi nhatu vaisabvumirwa anoti musoro uye zita rababa vake. Fedorov aiva GODFATHER ake. Kubva iye akagamuchira zita rake. Zvinhu zvakadaro panguva zvakanga zvakajairika: a aikudzwa angawira kudanana nemumwe murimi mudiki musikana, asi kurambana uye kuroorana mukadzi boka akaderera kunyimwa ropafadzo dzakawanda sezvo vakaroorana uye vavo.

Sezvo zita, pashure kutiza Yuri Gagarin wokumwe nhau vakabvuma chiitiko ichi munyaya yaiva nomusoro unoti "Vaviri Gagarin", zvichiratidza zita chairo Nikolai Fedorovich. Sergei Korolev akanga ake muhofisi asian-cosmist muzivi uye Chokwadi, kusarudza, mumwe wokutanga vakomana kutumira muchadenga, kugona kufunga chiratidzo chakanaka.

Baba, Prince Gagarin, kuvanzira mashandiro ake havagoni kubva mukoma wake - Konstantin Ivanovich Gagarin. Akatora muupenyu zvakafanorongwa vasisi ake. Akatora pamusoro kuripwa dzidzo Nicholas. Other mashoko nezvevana ikoko. Native musha Mazano (Tambov Province, ikozvino - Ryazan nharaunda, Sasovsky District) Nikolay akasiya kusvika chikoro zera - akatamira Tambov, kwaakawana pachikoro chesekondari.

Richelieu Lyceum

Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1849, Fedorov akaenda Odessa. Ikoko akanyoresa yakakurumbira Lyceum Richelieu ari rorusununguko Mutemo. Ichi chikoro repamusoro chaizvo. Chinonyanya kukosha, yakanga iri nzvimbo rechipiri pashure yakakurumbira Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum. Sezvamunoita zvidzidzo, unhu wokuziva uye akadzidzisa mitemo akanga, asi, kuti yunivhesiti kupfuura Lyceum. Kudzidzisa kutungamirirwa Professor. The Richelieu Lyceum kudzidza vana pachokwadi uye yakapfuma mhuri. Nicholas akadzidza ikoko kwemakore matatu. Pashure wababamunini vake rufu, kubhadhara zvidzidzo ake, jaya akamanikidzwa kusiya chikoro uye kutanga yakazvimirira upenyu. Mubvandiripo mwanakomana, kunyange takaberekwa tine matarenda makuru uye matunhu unhu, vasingagoni kuvimba dzinopiwa nehurumende vari sangano iri. Asi makore matatu kudzidza akanga asina maturo. Chinokosha ruzivo sayenzi dzinongoitika uye rokubatsira vanhu, vakawana chesekondari, munguva yemberi zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti muzivi ramangwana, chakaratidza kutanga Russian cosmism.

A mudzidzisi uye raibhurari

Muna 1854, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov akadzokera kumba Tambov mudunhu, vakagamuchira rwokuramba mudzidzisi uye mirayiridzo muguta Lipetsk basa mudzidzisi nhoroondo uye jogirafi. Kusvikira pakuguma sixties akanga achiparidza nokudzidzisa muzvikoro mudunhu Tambov, Moscow, Yaroslavl uye Tula neyenyika. Kubva 1867 kusvika 1869 akaenda kuMoscow, apo akapa zvidzidzo dzakavanzika vana Michael.

Muna 1869, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov pakupedzisira vakatamira Moscow uye akatora mubatsiri raibhurari pachena Chertkov kutanga raibhurari.

Fedorov akafunga kuti raibhurari - ndiwo musimboti nemagariro, unounza pamwe chete vanhu vasina ukama nokuda kwemhuri, asi pedyo kukwezvana kune zvokunamata - mabhuku, unyanzvi, sainzi. Zvakanga pamusoro mutemo Copyright uye achishingaira waitsigira siyana bhuku exchange.

Rumyantsev Museum uye vadzidzi

In Chertkovsky Library Fedorov akasangana baba nezveramangwana astronautics - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky akasvika Moscow vachida kuwana dzidzo panguva Higher Technical School (zvino Bauman), asi haana uye akasarudza pemurairidzi. Nikolai Fedorovich akatsiva ake mapurofesa yunivhesiti. Mumakore matatu achitungamirirwa Fedorov Tsiolkovsky nyanzvi wefizikisi, nezvenyeredzi, kemisitiri, yepamusoro masvomhu, uye zvichingodaro. D. Vaiva asina kukanganwa, uye nevanhu, iyo, sezvo zororo iri kuna manheru.

Kana makore mashoma raibhurari yakanga vasiyana Rumyantsev Museum, Fodorov N. F. wakazara Kuzvinyora rakabatana bhuku Fund. In zvavo haringakupembedzi nguva, akashanda jaya. mari yake mwero Nikolai Fedorovich yakawandisa vadzidzi, paakanga akagara, vanobatisisa nedzidziso upfumi zvokuti haashandisi mabhazi uye kwose kwose netsoka.

Musimboti dzidziso cosmism

Nikolai Fedorov vaiona baba Russian cosmism. Muzivi, akataura kuti pashure pakuvhurwa Copernican heliocentric hurongwa Ages uzivi raiva uongorore zvakare pfungwa dzavo pamusoro hurongwa nyika. Space tarisiro pamberi vanhu mabasa matsva. Mumashoko Tsiolkovsky: "Nyika - paucheche revanhu, asi kwete nguva dzose akaitawo dzinogara paucheche!"

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti uzivi sayenzi Fedorov zvaireva sezvo pfungwa kumativi. Maererano naye, nokufamba kwenguva zvinotungamirira voga kubva nyaya yokudzidza uye Kuramba chinangwa ruzivo. Yokungotaura ruzivo vanofanira aitsigira tsika, uye chinangwa chacho kushumira kudzidza zvakasikwa, upenyu norufu utariri kwavo.

Zvinhu zvakasikwa Inoziva zvakadaro shomanana yaizvozvo mhedziso zvinoratidza pacharo: Mwari akasika munhu nzvimbo huru yakadaro vaine maonero nenzvimbo ose vanhu vakamborarama, uye vaya vane kuzvarwa mune ramangwana. Mune imwe nzira, hazvina kutsanangura. Achifuridzirwa pfungwa iyi akaberekwa Russian Space Art Fedorov. Tichitarisa zvose sezvo guru nzvimbo, chete nemaziso chikamu chiri vanhu, muzivi kwakabatana ichi tyisa kusaenzana nedzidziso yechiKristu kumuka. Free nzvimbo Musiki aigadzirira achiisa pamusoro payo mabhiriyoni evanhu vakamborarama panyika. More pamusoro izvi zvinogona kuwanika muunganidzwa mabasa Nikolai Fedorovich, vakabatanidzwa nezita "uzivi zvinowanzoitwa chikonzero." Kukura yebudiriro kwevanhu inofanira kuendeswa kuna ubanguranyika dzokunze nzvimbo, kudzokera muupenyu vanhu vakararama kare uye ikozvino akavigwa chaiko. Panyaya iyi zvinokosha kuumba tsika itsva inoita wose kurarama murugare uye vachiwirirana.

tsika itsva

Nikolai Fedorovich aiva murume wechitendero. Aiitawo tsika upenyu Church, nokuchengeta kutsanya kwaiitwa, nguva kureurura uye nechirairo. Maererano naye, magariro itsva inofanira kukudziridzwa maererano nedzidziso dzechiKristu yoUtatu yaMwari. Sezvo zvitatu zvakasiyana chaizvo Mwari - Baba, Mwanakomana uye Mudzimu Mutsvene, chichinyatsobatanidzwa dyidzana, uye akaparadzanisa vanhu vanofanira kuwana nzira rugare coexistence. Divine Trinity - the zvinyorwa zvokupikisa kumabvazuva nemafungiro pokufa wacho munzanga uye individualism Western.

The yakanakisisa hwaro kuvaka ukama itsva ndiyo ikoroji. Kutarisira hunhu kudzidza mitemo yayo uye kutarisirwa vanofanira kuva hwaro kubatanidza vanhu vakasiyana marudzi, ounyanzvi hwokugadzira uye dzidzo mumatunhu. Ita sayenzi chitendero vane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Dzidziso dzechiKristu kuuya kwevakafa kunofanira kuitwa tsika nemasayendisiti.

Kwevakafa

Chii kumuka nokudenga, maererano Fedorov - ndiye rumutsiriro uye apiwa pokugadzwa vanhu? Nevazivi nharo kuti rufu chinhu chakaipa iyo vanhu vanofanira kubvisa. Mumwe munhu anogara nerufu madzitateguru ake, saka, ndiko mhosva. mamiriro ezvinhu aya anofanira kururamiswa. Invoices zvinofanira kubhadharwa kumuka kwevakafa. Pfungwa kumuka kunofanira anowedzera unobatanidza masayendisiti munyika yose nokuda nevakawanda chikonzero.

rumuko mashandiro inobva mitemo wefizikisi - mumwe muviri rinoumbwa mamorekuru uye maatomu inoitiswa pedyo mumwe mumwe masimba okutorwa mwoyo uye kuvenga. All zvinhu emit mafungu akadaro. Izvi zviitiko anofanira kudzidzwa uye vainyatsoongorora nokuda kudzorerwa mumuviri nyaya, ndiko kukura okupedzisira vanhu munyika akachengetedzwa zvoutachiona zvokunyama kana kuti kuunganidzwa simba, iyo yaisanganisira varume, kuti miviri navo nenzira iyi. Resurrection nzira angava zvakawanda, sezvo pfungwa Fedorov.

Uzivi muenzaniso kukura vanhu kunosanganisira dzidzo ukama hutsva pakati vanhu. Nekuti paradhiso - hachisi chinhu ephemeral nzvimbo, yaigarwa mweya wakarurama, uye kwete husingaoneki runyararo rwepfungwa, kuti urarame chokwadi, kuchinja kuti haana simba, uye chaiyo mumuviri nyika, zvakakodzera kuchinja kana kuti kudzidzisa vanhu kuitira kuti vakaparadzana zvachose kubva kuvimba .. kuremara, rinozivikanwa ruvengo, shanje, ruvengo, kusuruvara, kuzvikudza, kunamata zvidhori, etc. Unofanirawo kuita kuti vanhu havatamburi kubva mumuviri kuitika, zvakadai: chirwere, kutonhora, kupisa, nzara, uye vamwe. Iri basa kuti masayendisiti, uye nokuda vafundisi. Science uye chitendero zvinofanira kubatana.

Nikolai Fedorovich akapendwa nzira mbiri okukura yebudiriro kwevanhu.

The ukama pakati pavo

Nikolai Fyodorov haana vadarika kuteerera uye rwuno ukama hwevanhu. Munyika yedu, muna zvaanofunga, ari kunamatwa vakadzi zvenyama rudo. Relationships vari rinosundwa kurara hwokuzvarwa nahwo. More utere uye shoma tsitsi.

Marital ukama inofanira kuvakwa pamusoro muenzaniso Humwari, kana Union - kwete joko, uye munhu akazvimiririra ari munhu haisi chikonzero kusawirirana. Rudo pakati varume nevakadzi vanofanira kutarira sezvinoita rudo vana vabereki vavo. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kubvumira, kwete chete nokuchiva, asi zvaro pakatarisana - vazviomesere sechisingadiwi noudyire kwakakwana uye mhedziso nehanya nevamwe.

Kuberekana vachava kuonekwa ottsetvorenie, kureva pakusikwa vanhu nyika itsva. pabonde utere Our - ichi vanopukunyuka nezveuchenjeri parufu uye pakuzvarwa, ari maonero ichi, - zvakapesana kufa. Love yemadzitateguru dzevamwe kutya rufu rwake uye ichachinjwa kuva zvinotivaraidza kwemadzibaba.

nzira yokutanga iyo vanhu vanogona kuenda

Vakadzidza uye masayendisiti munyika yose kushandira recreating Gene yevanhu dziva. Muchiuto havazotakurwizve basa nokuti hasha, vzaimoistreblyayuschih zvinangwa uye richashandiswa tidzivise zvokuvamba zvakasikwa, kureva, mafashamo, kudengenyeka kwenyika, kuputika kwemakomo, dondo moto uye zvichingodaro. D.

Industry kuchanyarara kugadzira zvinhu zvinganzi matoyi nevakura. Huru inogadzirwa achaitwa hwakatamisirwa kumaruwa. Ndipo pachava upenyu. Stepanov ndiro guta vanhu kuita, havatani kuti parasitic kuvapo. Life mumaguta kumira zvakanaka kunovashayisa zvido utano, miganhu, uye haangopi zvavaiita, asi urombo.

dzidzo Universal - a chinodiwa kuti Implementation kuronga yorumuko.

Public Kutarisirwa chichaitwa kubudikidza namambo nevanhu vake ukama havasi Kesari uye vaaitonga, uye yokudhirowa kwaMwari nokuda nokudenga zvakanaka.

imwe nzira

Nikolai Fyodorov akataura imwe nzira okukura yebudiriro kwevanhu, izvo zvichaita anotitungamirira kusafa uye kwevakafa, uye kune Kwekupedzisira uye gehena moto. Russian Space Art - pfungwa chaiyo kuti hazvinei chokuita utopian Kufungidzira evanyori renyaya. Fedorov nyika mufananidzo anotarira kusimba tendeka, kunyange akararama panguva isati zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, chimurenga.

By Kwekupedzisira achaita sokuti pfungwa zvaichengetedza, izvo kuchatekeshera pamusoro pfungwa. It chinovapo somugumisiro caffeine naMwari, kurasikirwa nokutenda nemano ayo, vachaparidza, rudo uye kuva nehanya nevanhu. Kubva pasi kududzira kwakaipa chauchazotya vanhu vachatanga artificially synthesize chikafu. Ruchiva kuchatekeshera pamusoro rudo, achazviratidza kujairika mhuri pasina kuberekana. Mhuka uye zvirimwa vangangokukuvadza utano, vachaparadzwa. Kurega kubereka ndege. Pakupedzisira vanhu achaparadza mumwe nomumwe. Zvino richauya Zuva Yokutsamwa.

Zvinoshamisa kuti izvi zvose zvakanyorwa XIX remakore - Nikolai Fyodorov akafa December 28, 1903.

Science, wakaberekwa dzidziso Fedorova

Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov, asingazivi, rakafuridzirwa Konstantina Tsiolkovskogo vanozvipira hwake kusikwa idzva pabazi zvesainzi - nzvimbo kudziongorora.

Hurongwa murayiro nyika, akagadzira pedyo Nikolai Fedorovich, vakakunda pfungwa vazhinji vezera rake. Kuti chamuita kuti pfungwa Fedorov sayenzi akadai nzvimbo uye geliobilogiya, aeroionifikatsiya, elektrogemodinamika uye zvichingodaro. Maererano masayendisiti muzvirongwa nhaka akasiya "Moskovskiy Sokrat", sezvo zita remadunhurirwa Fedorov shamwari uye vadzidzi, kwakaratidzwa Vector uye zvakasimbisa kuti kukura pose ruzivo kwemazana emakore akawanda kuuya. Rayo pakunamata akaberekwa ari maonero matsva pamusoro shanduka revanhu, sezvo kushingaira muitiro, neve vanhu pachavo, vashandi pakusikwa yakanaka pamusoro noosphere.

Vazhinji zvinyorwa kuti akaita kuti vadzidzi vake Fodorov N. F. akapona. Nikolai Fedorovich haana mubasa racho nepfungwa dzake. mabasa ake ndakachengeta vadzidzi vazhinji. Nikolay Pavlovich Peterson uye Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kozhevnikov wavo systematized uye yakabudiswa muna 1906. Makopi All zvakaendeswa mumaraibhurari uye vakasununguka kuparadzirwa pakati vanofarira.

Mumakore upenyu Nikolai Fedorovich haana mifananidzo uye haana kuzvibvumira pendi. Zvisinei, Leonid Pasternak achiri muchivande akaita chimwe Portrait. We achiisa pakutanga kwenyaya ino.

mhedziso

Mumakore simba Soviet muna USSR, kana nzvimbo indasitiri nesayenzi vakaita chaizvo zvinokosha zviratidzi pamusoro Nikolai Fedorov aizivikanwa chete rakamanikana chaizvo denderedzwa.

Top vatungamiriri Communist Party kwedzidziso Soviet Union kuti Fedorov akaziva vachinyanya akasungirirwa pfungwa yechiKristu zvakasikwa sezvo chokusika naMwari pfungwa Mutsvene Trinity - Baba, Mwanakomana uye Mudzimu Mutsvene. Ake vainamata maonero murayiro nyika iri asatenderwe dzinokosha ukama nyika hurongwa munzanga Soviet, wakange zvainanga waguta nazvo chete. The chikuru sirogani pamusoro gutsaruzhinji: "Kubva mumwe - maererano nemano ake, mumwe nomumwe - maererano nebasa rake", uye chikuru sirogani echiKomonisiti: ". Kubva nomumwe - maererano nemano ake, mumwe nomumwe - maererano ake zvinodiwa" Under zvinodiwa aireva evasingatombonamati vasiri zvinodiwa, nokuti kuvapo mweya nzanga Soviet chakarambwa, kunyange zvazvo pfungwa kudzidzisa munhu mutsva, ingave akakweretwa naye.

Pari, tichiri kure Nguva rumuko rwevanhu kunyange nezvikonzero zvakasiyana - nevatengi mafungiro kuupenyu, uye kure Mwari kushandurwa, asi vakawanda havana ndavhiyiwa haasi kunyanya kuchinja.