Chii chinonzi lichen? Lichens zvakasikwa. chimiro lichens

Pashure kuverenga nyaya ino, uchadzidza kuti inoitwa lichen, izvo zvimiro zvinomera izvi, uyewo nebasa razvinoshanda zvakasikwa uye munhu upfumi basa. We vachakuudza pamusoro sei Sechipanji mwando, tsanangura muviri wavo.

Apo pane lichens?

Lichens vari dzakashandisa upenyu kunyange toughest ezvinhu, kazhinji vari wakaiswa apo nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu hahugoni kuvapo. Vanoenda kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba panorumwe zvirimwa. In eHimalaya vakazozivikanwa akasvibira padaro rinenge pamusoro 5600 m.

Lichens, mienzaniso yakawanda iyo inogona chero pose, kana zvakakangwa padombo rerenje dzisinganayi, zororo ngoko kana bleached mhuka pfupa akafa. Imwe mhando (Verrucaria serpuloides) anorarama kwenguva refu chubvu kupinda nechando mvura Antarctica nevamwe (Lecanora esculenta) kutakurwa nemhepo. Uye kunyange zvinonakisa lichens vari chaizvo hanya mhando dzose nemaindasitiri, se Lecanora conizaeoides mhando ichi, zvinooneka dzichifarira rakanaka tsvina munzvimbo.

chimiro lichens

Maererano kukura zvinoitwa zvose anozivikanwa mhando zvinomera izvi (vavo 15 000) vanokamurwa mumapoka mikuru mitatu. tsanangudzo pfupi nechimwe.

Foliose zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine rinorema kunaya. Sezvo waita pamwe wafungidzira, ivo saka ainzi nokuti kuti ravo chimiro akafanana mashizha. Mumwe kwemarudzi dzavo anomiririrwa ari mufananidzo pazasi.

The rakatevera boka - crustose (cortical). Ivo husingakwanisi kwemvura uye saka vakawanda mugwenga. Kukwira lichens vari pedyo nevanhu substrate, dziri kukura. Caloplaca heppiana Somuenzaniso, rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa pamadziro uye gravestones. Ichi uye vakawanda kufanana naye yemiti inotifadza anoshandiswa sezvo substrate wezera zviratidzo. Lichens veboka iri kazhinji nemavara uye pigmented ari howa.

Pakupedzisira, rakapetana akakwanisa kutora mwando kubva mumhepo uye vari kunyanya nzvimbo nyorovera okunze. Kukura uye pakuonekwa zvirimwa mubereko kwatiri siyana zvikuru. Vamwe vavo kuumba rwebhuruu kureba 2.75 mamita kana kupfuura, asi mumwe hakuchisiri pinhead.

Chii chinonzi lichen?

Utachiona uhwu vari aumba kubva miti yomumwe madhipatimendi zviviri zvakasiyana; kubva algae uye chakuvhe. Ndiudze zvakawanda pamusoro zviri lichen. Rinomirira imwe mienzaniso vakabudirira zvikuru mutualism. Iri izwi rinoreva pakudyidzana rinobatsira kuti inogona kusimbiswa pakati maviri dissimilar zvinenge.

Algal zvinoriumba - chinhu chinokosha zviri lichen. Kazhinji ichi ndicho kana mutema kana zvitema-nyoro algae. Mushroom chinoumba - mumiririri marsupials notumwe kana ascomycetes. With zvisingawanzoitiki Kunze, kuti lichens ndivo chete miti idzo ine chete mhando chakuvhe, uye mhando algae. Neyokupedzisira, kazhinji zviri murwiyo zvinomera izvi (anopfuura 50% kwemarudzi) kunosanganisira chimwe-celled uswa alga Trebouxia, asi pangava nevamwe.

Saka, kune lichens ndiwo zvinenge ina chakuvhe uye algae, izvo riri sokubika mapoto vashanduri zvinobatsira. Heuno mumwe muenzaniso. Xanthoria parietina (yaifananidzira pazasi) rinowanzoshandurwa kuwanikwa pamatombo pamahombekombe, uyewo pamadziro uye pamatenga edzimba. Her Orange miviri patelliform fruiting (apothecia) zvayakaita anenge indistinguishable kubva fruiting mutumbi chakuvhe dzoga.

Kana kucheka lichen zvinogona kuonekwa dzakaonda pamusoro rukoko zvakasimba kurukana fungal hyphae. nomumwe masero zvakasvibirira algae yaisanganisira. Kumboda lichen ane muviri ane muviri rinoumbwa-siyana kurukana fungal hyphae, riri pazasi mumwe mutete hyphae rukoko akafanana pamusoro.

Kukura lichens

Ivo dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Most crustose mhando kashoma kukura kukura pamusoro gore vanopfuura 1 mm. Nezvimwe lichens kukura zvishoma nokukurumidza, asi havana wedzera hapana anopfuura 1 masendimita pagore. Zvinoreva kuti makuru mhando zvirimwa aya akura chaizvo zera; Vanodavira kuti zvimwe vamiriri zvimwe kweArctic kwemarudzi vakura kupfuura makore 4000.

With vaizviti lihenometrii, t. E. Kuyerwa lichen kunyange kusarudza zera padombo hukawanika. Nzira iyi zera mazitombo echando uye yakakura megaliths (boulders guru) paakagadzwa. Ekupedzisira vaakawana paEaster Island iri nePacific Ocean.

Advanced zera zvinomera izvi kunoratidza kuti vane zvakanaka yakakwirira sangano uye kuti ukama pakati algae uye chakuvhe zvinonyatsoziva akadzikama. Asi hunhu ukama ichi chechokwadi haisati pachena.

muviri

Photosynthetic algae, kufanana nezvimwe zvinomera zvokudya zvose vadiwa, sezvo chakuvhe haana chlorophyll. Simple makabhohaidhiretsi vari synthesized ne algae, mira nayo uye tiri yokuita zvinoitwa chakuvhe, ayo dzikwanise mamwe makabhohaidhiretsi. Izvi carbohydrate muviri uye ndiyo hwaro symbiotic ukama kuti zvakazoita kuti paumbwe lichen. Kuchinja muviri kubva algae kusvika chakuvhe ndiko kutsanya chaizvo: Vakawana kuti kuti notumwe vane nguva kutendeutsa shuga kubva algae, maminitsi matatu kubva pakatanga photosynthesis.

mwando Absorção de Água

Lichens, kuchipedza yakawanda mwando, zvakasiyana-siyana mune vhoriyamu. Sezvineiwo kuwedzera kukwirira yavo. Kuparadzana zvomukati kuti anopa uye kufambisa mwando, zvirimwa izvi kwete. Kuhukura anoita zvose mabasa aya. Panewo hapana lichens mano kuvadzivirira kubva transpiration, ayo zvakanaka yakatanga, somuenzaniso, vascular zvirimwa. Vazhinji vedu vanofarira Utachiona mwando anowana mudenga, pane kubva muvhu. Ivo Sechipanji mvura mhute. mhando mashomanana vasiyana substrate, anokwanisa kutora mwando kubva mairi.

Kushandiswa lichens

Lichens vari siyana zvakasikwa kushanda: vashumire mhuka zvokudya (semuenzaniso, nhoroondo-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvokudya poro), rinoshandiswa sechiratidzo zvinhu shiri matendere anopa dziviriro nokuda muzvizhinji kuti marudzi invertebrates duku akadai nezvikwekwe, zvipembenene, kungozvifunga uye hozhwa. Vakauyisa vabatsirwe kumunhu. Extracts pamusoro lichens anoshandiswa kamwe värjäys, izvo vakasonanidza wokuScotland siketi. Ava vakawana tsvuku, mashava, tsvuku uye nezvishava
pendi. Zvenguva mavara vakawana counterstained.

Icelandic Moss (Cetraria islandica) kuti anopfuura maviri emakore, kushandiswa antitussives. Present mune dzimwe lichens usnic acid, munhu anoshandiswa kurapa maronda asingafungi uye TB.

Kutsvakurudza Modern akawana pavo mishonga kuti zvinobatsira pamusoro zvirwere zvakadai nemabayo uye nezvitsvuku fivhiri. Uyezve, zvirimwa izvi zviri kushandiswa indasitiri. Saka, kubva lichen Roccella sp. Yakabereka rinokosha litmus - makemikari chokukomborerwa kuti anochinja dzvuku pasi acidic ezvinhu uye zvitema mu alkaline.