Chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Makore mutemo wehurumende

Mikhail Fedorovich akava yokuRussia chamber wokutanga pakati Romanov dzinza. Pakapera February 1613 akasarudzwa kuti mubati ushe kuna Russian Zemsky Sobor. Akava mambo haana Generic nhaka, kwete kupambwa simba, uye kwete achizvidira. Mikhail Fedorovich akasarudzwa naMwari uye vanhu, uye panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 16. ushe hwake aiva panguva yakaoma zvikuru. Mikhail Fedorovich sezvo mugumo aifanira kukurira zvakakomba zveupfumi uye enyika matambudziko: nyika kubva nyonganyonga pazviri mushure Troubles, kusimudza uye kusimbisa upfumi, kuchengetedza nharaunda yamadzibaba, bvamburwa. Asi chikuru chinhu - kubata uye kugadzirisa imba Romanov pachigaro Russian choushe.

Romanov imba. Mihail Fedorovich Romanov

The mhuri Romanov vane Boyar Fedora Nikiticha, uyo akazova Patriarch Filaret, uye Xenia Ivanovna (Shestova), July 12, 1596 aiva mwanakomana. Vakamutumidza Michael. mhuri Romanov yakarondedzerwa pamwe chigaro Rurikovich uye akanga akapfuma kwazvo uye vanozivikanwa uye. Izvi boyar mhuri anazvo yakakura Estates, kwete chete muna kuchamhembe uye nechepakati chikamu Russia, asi pamusoro Don uye Ukraine. Pakutanga, Michael akararama nevabereki vake muMoscow, asi muna 1601 mhuri yake ikawira mugomba haafarirwi uye pasi kushoora. Kutongera apo Boris Godunov akaudzwa kuti Romanovs kugadzirira zano uye kuda kumuuraya tichibatsirwa ane mashiripiti mushonga waizoita. The wazvakaitika vakatevera pakarepo - nhengo dzakawanda dzemhuri Romanov vakasungwa. In June 1601 pamusangano mukuru Boyar Duma mutongo wakanga: Fedor Nikitich uye vanun'una vake: Alexander, Michael, Vasily uye Ivan - inofanira pfuma, kumanikidzwa kucheka mumongi, vakatapwa uye mujeri zvakasiyana nzvimbo kure guru. Fedor Nikitich akatumwa Antony pamusoro Siya wemamonk, riri munzvimbo isina, nzvimbo dongo, 165 matanhatu kubva Ngirozi Huru, parwizi Dvina kumusoro. Zvaiva imomo kuti baba vake Mikhail Fedorovich vakagadziridza mu mamongi uye anonzi Filaret. Amai yemberi autocrat, Xenia Ivanovna, akapomerwa rakabatanidzwawo mhosva simba roumambo uye akatuma kuutapwa muna Novgorod muruwa, muna Tol-Egoryevsky muhwiro zvaiva Vazhitskomu wemamongi. Pano vhudzi akatema sisita, wainzi Marita, uye mujeri chivako chiduku, takapoteredzwa yakakwirira noruzhowa.

Kubatanidza Mikhail Fedorovich kuna Byelozero

Little Michael, uyo panguva iyoyo gore rechitanhatu, vakatapwa pamwe chete nehanzvadzi yake kwemakore masere Tatyana Fedorovna uye vanatete, Marfoyu Nikitichnoy Cherkassky, Ulyanoy Semenovoy uye Anastasia Nikitichna pamusoro Beloozero. Ikoko, mukomana akakurira imwe zvikuru ezvinhu akaoma, isisina, vakatambura nenhamo uye zvinetso. Muna 1603, Boris Godunov akachema chirevo uye akabvumira Michael mai, Martha Ivanovna, uyai Beloozero vana. Chinguvana pashure autocrat kubvumidzwa resettle vakatapwa muna Yuriev-Polsky reruwa mumusha Klin - chizvarwa fiefdom Romanovs. Muna 1605, iye akabata simba veNhema Dmitry I, achida kuratidza ukama hwavo anonziwo Romanov akadzokera vakapona Moscow wevamiriri vayo pakutapwa, kusanganisira mhuri Michael, uye iye. Fedor Nikitich akapiwa Rostov archdiocese.

Smoot. The mamiriro okukomba muMoscow, ramangwana mambo

Munguva dzakaoma kubvira 1606 kusvika makore 1610, mitemo Vasiliy Shuysky. Munguva iyi zviitiko zvakawanda zvinoshamisa zvakaitika Russia. Kusanganisira akazviratidza uye akakura kufamba "mbavha", asi murimi mudiki yemuna, izvo zvakaita I. Bolotnikov. Papera nguva iye vabatana pamwe munhu anoedzesera itsva, "Tushino" Venhema Dmitry II. Polish kupindira akatanga. Commonwealth mauto akakunda Smolensk. Boyars Shuisky rakaparadzwa kubva pachigaro nokuti iye nehasha yaakaita kuSweden Vyborg kondirakiti. Pasi chibvumirano ichi, kuti yeSweden akabvuma kubatsira Russia kundorwa Venhema Dmitry, uye vari kudzokera vakagamuchira Kola Peninsula. Zvinosuruvarisa kuguma Vyborg chibvumirano haana kuponesa Russia - Poles akunda hondo wokuRussia Swedish pakurwa Klushinskoy uye akazarura pacharo anouya kuMoscow. Panguva iyi, boyars, achimhanya nyika, pledging kuvimbika mwanakomana wamambo Commonwealth Sigismund, Vladislav. Nyika kupatsanuka kuita mapoka maviri. Munguva kubva 1610 kusvika 1613 makore Anti-Polish kumukira vanhu amuka. Muna 1611 zvakanzi yakaumbwa varwi achitungamirirwa Lyapunov, asi vakakundwa kumucheto Moscow. Muna 1612 unoitisa varwi wechipiri. Rakanga inotungamirirwa Dmitry Pozharsky uye Kuzma Minin. Mukupera Muzhizha 1612 paiva hondo inotyisa, iyo yakahwina nemauto Russian. Hetman Chodkiewicz vakadzokera shure kuna Vorobiev kumakomo. Panozopera October hondo Russian vaibvisa Moscow kubva Poles midzi mauri, vakamirira kubatsirwa Sigismund. boyars Russian, kusanganisira Mikhail Fedorovich naamai vake Marita, akakunda, akatambudzwa nenzara uye zvokudya, vakanga akazosunungurwa pakupedzisira.

Akaedza kupondwa Fyodor Mikhailovich

Pashure zvakaoma yakakombwa Moscow, Mikhail Fedorovich akaenda Kostroma fiefdom. Pano, Mambo womunguva yemberi nepaburi retsono rufu panguva ramaoko boka Poles uyo akagara Railway-Borovsky wemamongi uye kutsvaka nzira Domnino. Spas pamusoro Mikhail Fedorovich murimi mudiki Ivan Susanin, uyo vazvipira kuratidza mbavha nzira mambo yemberi uye akavatungamirira kune rumwe rutivi, kusvikira anezvimiti. Mambo yemberi rwaipotera kumonasitiri ari Yusupov. Ivan Susanin akatambudzwa, asi haana buritsa nzvimbo Romanov. Ndicho uduku zvakaoma uye kuyaruka vaiva mambo ramangwana, ndiani 5 makore, akanga nechisimba vakaparadzaniswa nevabereki vavo uye kurarama baba vake naamai vake vakava nherera, vatambure matambudziko voga kubva kunze kwenyika, zvinotyisa yokukombwa uye nzara.

Zemsky Sobor 1613 Kusarudzwa Mikhail Fedorovich

Pashure makatodzinga zvisingaiti boyars uye varwi inotungamirwa Prince Pozharsky chakaitwa kusarudza kusarudza mambo mutsva. February 7, 1613 panguva rokutanga sarudzo ane wamambo kubva Galich zvinganaka Enthrone mwanakomana wake Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich. Vose vaida iye ukama aiva pedyo mhuri Rurik. Mumaguta akawanda akanga atuma nhume kuwana vanhu mafungiro. February 21, 1613 yokupedzisira sarudzo yaiitwa. Vanhu vakasarudza: "Kuva changamire Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov." Nechisarudzo ichi, kuti projectile Embassy kuzivisa nesananguro Mikhail Romanov chamber. March 14, 1613 vamiririri, achiperekedzwa nomudungwe, akasvika Ipatiev Monastery uye kurohwa huma sisita Martha. Long kunyengetedza pakupedzisira kuuya zviitike, uye Mihail Fedorovich Romanov akabvuma kuva mambo. 2 chete May 1613 kwapera yakaisvonaka kuita pavanopinda Moscow Changamire - apo, muna zvaanofunga, guta guru, uye Kremlin yakagadzirira kuchigamuchira. July 11 akanga korona ushe namambo mutsva - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Yakatarwa mhemberero yakaitwa nokufungidzira Cathedral.

Pakutanga ushe Kesari

Mikhail Fedorovich akatora itsvo zvakabvaruka, akaparadza uye kwezvinoshandiswa nyika. Munguva dzakaoma vanhu vaida chaizvo kuva autocrat yakadaro - norupo, akanaka, munyoro, aiva nomutsa, uye rupo panguva imwecheteyo pamusoro unhu mweya. Ndosaka vanhu vaimuti "munyoro." Unhu ramambo zvakabatsira kusimbisa simba Romanovs. Domestic Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha pakutanga kwake, akanga zvainanga kudzorera hurongwa munyika. An chinokosha basa ndiko kubvisa zvikwata zviri Magandanga mudambudziko remapopoma kwose kwose. With jinda Cossack Ivan Zarutsky dzakarwiwa hondo chaiyo, iyo kwakaguma muna kubatwa vasungwa kwaizotevera kuurayiwa. matambudziko chenjera kuti vanhuwo zvavo. Muna 1613, kuparadzira paruzhinji nyika havafaniri yave ichiitwa.

Zvinokosha sarudzo inokosha - a chibvumirano ne Sweden

Foreign Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha akanga yakaomerera kwemamiriro imwe nguva yekumbotaurirana pamwe Sweden uye kugumiswa hondo pamwe Poland. Muna 1617 akanga wakashongedzwa Stolbovsky kondirakiti. Gwaro iri pamutemo kupera hondo pamwe Sweden, izvo kwemakore matatu. Zvino Novgorod nyika vakakamurwa pakati Russian Empire (akadzorera akakunda guta: Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Gdov, Porkhov, Staraya Russa uye Sumerskaya dunhu) uye Umambo Sweden (asvika Ivangorod, Koporje, mbambaira, Korela, Oreshek, Neva). Uyezve, Moscow aifanira kubhadhara kuchikosha Verengai Sweden - zviuru 20 rubles sirivha. Stolbovsky nyika akagura nyika kubva Sea reBaltic, asi nokuda Moscow kuita chibvumirano ichi kutenderwa kuramba hondo yavo Poland.

Kupedziswa Russian-Polish hondo. Kudzoka Patriarch Filaret

hondo Russian-Polish hwakatora pamwe kusiyanisa kubudirira, kubva 1609. Muna 1616 mauto muvengi, inotungamirirwa Wladyslaw Vasa uye hetman Yanom Hodkevichem, yakarwisa ndima Russian, achida pasi zvigaro zvoushe chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich. It aigona kusvika Mozhaisk chete, apo akanga akarembedzwa. Kubva 1618 kusvika mauto akabatana hondo Ukrainian Cossacks Hetman P. Sahaidachny vakananga. Joint mauto vakati yaaigara ari Moscow, asi akanga kubudirira. Mauto Polish vakadzokera shure uye vakagara pedyo Utatu-rwacho Segiyo wemamonk. Somugumisiro, mapato vakabvumirana kutaurirana uye nguva yekumbotaurirana yakanga yakasainwa mumusha Deulina December 11, 1618, iyo yakaguma hondo yeRussia-Polish. Terms of chibvumirano vaiva vanoshorwa, asi hurumende yeRussia yakabvuma kuvagamuchira kuti amise womukati kusagadzikana uye kuvaka nyika. Pasi chibvumirano, Russia lags shure Rzeczpospolita Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Novgoro-Seversky, Chernigov, Serpeysk nemamwe maguta. Uyewo panguva hurukuro zvakanzi vakabvumirana kuchinjana vasungwa. July 1, 1619 kurwizi Polyanovka vaipanana vasungwa uye Filaret, baba vamambo pakupedzisira kumusha. Papera nguva akanga akagadzwa tateguru.

Diarchy. Chisarudzo kwevatongi vaviri enyika Russian akachenjera

The umambo Russian hwaizogadzwa anonzi simba Dual. Pamwe chete nababa vake, tateguru Mikhail Fedorovich akatanga kutonga. Iye, kufanana mambo pachake, akapiwa zita "mutongi mukuru". Mumakore 28, Mikhail Fedorovich akaroora Maria VLADIMIROVNA Dolgoruky. Asi pashure gore akafa. Rwechipiri, chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich akaroora Evdokii Lukyanovne Streshnevoy. Mumakore kuroorana akamuberekera vana gumi. Kazhinji, Politika Mihaila Fedorovicha uye Filaret yave zvainanga panguva centralization simba, kudzorerwa upfumi uye muzadze chezvipo. In June 1619 kwakasarudzwa kuti yakaparadzwa nyika mitero achabatwa sevarindi kana cadastres. Kwakasarudzwa kuti aite vemo Verengai zvakare kumisa chaiyo kukura mutero zveminda. Munharaunda vakatumwa nevanyori dozorschiki. In ushe Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova kuvandudza mutero hurongwa rokunyora mabhuku munyori yakabereka kaviri. Kubva 1620 mumunda dzakagadzwa magavhuna uye navakuru, kuchengetedza hurongwa.

kudzorera Moscow

Paitonga Mikhail Fedorovich zvishoma nezvishoma kudzosera guru uye mamwe maguta, akaparadzwa panguva Troubles. Muna 1624 zvakanzi akavaka Stone tende uye unoshamisa wachi pamusoro Spasskaya neshongwe uye belfry akavaka Filaret. Mumakore 1635-1636 dzakavakwa namabwe dzimba mambo uye mwana wake panzvimbo kare huni. machechi 15 dzakavakwa pamusoro munharaunda Nicholas kusvikira kuGedhi Spassky. Kuwedzera rokuvakazve maguta akaparadzwa, mutemo Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova akanga zvainanga mamwe uranda vanhuwo zvavo. Muna 1627, mutemo akasikwa kuti akabvumira avakuru nyika yavo bequeath (mambo yakashandiswa kuita izvi). Uyezve, kuva mashanu kushora waFirimoni ainge vanhuwo zvavo, izvo 1637 yakapiwa 9 makore, uye muna 1641-M - kusvika makore 10.

Kutanga itsva hondo regiments

Chiitwa anokosha Mikhail Romanov chisikwa wehondo nguva dzose dzenyika. Mugore 30-ies. XVII remakore paiva "echiShinto nyika itsva." Pakati pavo yaiumbwa boyars 'vana uye vanhu vakasununguka, uye vatorwa vakanga vagamuchira chinzvimbo varanda. Muna 1642 vakatanga kudzidzisa dzimwe nemauto vanhu pamisara. Mukuwedzera, vakatanga kuumba Reitarska masoja uye vamabhiza of the dragoon regiments. Also kusarudzwa maviri Moscow regiments dzakasikwa, vakange wakazonzi Lefortovo uye Butyrsky (kubva nemisha, dzakanga chacho).

indasitiri budiriro

Kuwedzera pakusikwa hondo, mambo Mihail Fedorovich Romanov akaedza kuva rwokugadzira siyana munyika. Hurumende yakanga kudana dzimwe vagadziri (prospectors, havaoni, gunsmiths) pamusoro zvakanaka mazwi. MuMoscow, mumusha macho German yakatangwa, kwavaigara uye aishanda sainjiniya uye dzimwe nemauto. Muna 1632 muti rekukuputsirai cores uye pfuti pedyo Tula yakavakwa. Kukudziridza uye Whitehead Textile indasitiri: Velvet pachivanze wakazaruka muMoscow. Pakanga rwaiitwa kudzidzisa vherevheti nyaya. In Kadashevskaya Sloboda vatanga Whitehead Textile mukugadzira.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Chevaux Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov akafa ava namakore 49. Zvino July 12, 1645. Mugumisiro kwayo nehurumende mabasa akanga akadzikama mamiriro, vashatirwa Troubles, pakatangwa centralized simba, upfumi, kukurudzira, umutse upfumi, bhizimisi uye kutengeserana. Paitonga yokutanga Romanov zvanyarara hondo pamwe Sweden uye Poland, uye kuwedzera, nedzenyu ukama kunyika Europe zvakatangwa.