Biography uye basa Tsvetaeva

Chimwe chakanyanya kuoma realizations kuti vaverengi nhoroondo dzeupenyu zvikuru vanhu - iri nyore yokuti vakanga chete nevarume. Okugadzira zvinhu, kwakajeka kutiza pfungwa - ichi chete zvinogonekwa unhu. Chokwadi, vazukuru vachazviona chaizvo - asi mumwe chete chiso chete. Vamwe vanogona kuva kumbonaka. unflattering vakararama Vazhinji akanyora pamusoro Pushkin, pamusoro Lermontov, pamusoro Dostoevsky. Ndaiva asingasiyi, uye Marina Tsvetaeva. Life uye basa nyanduri uyu vaiva chenguva rwomumwoyo kurwisana zvakadzama.

udiki

Tsvetaeva - Muscovite. Zviri pano 26.9.1892, iye akaberekwa. Pakati pousiku pakati Mugovera uye Svondo, zororo racho Ioanna Bogoslova. Tsvetaeva, nguva dzose nemhando kune masanga yemichindwe, uye kunyanya kune vaya vakawedzera zvekumwe uye kunoshamisa, kazhinji akacherechedza chokwadi ichi, akazviona sechiratidzo yakavanzwa.

Mhuri chaizvo yakapfuma. Baba - muzvinadzidzo, nyanzvi uye mutsoropodzi. Amai - munhu Pianist, iye ndiye zvitsva uye nechido. Anogara achiedza kuona vana utachiona eramangwana shasha, vakaroverera rudo mumhanzi uye nounyanzvi. Pavakaona kuti Marina anogara chinhu nekudetemberwa, mai nechido akanyora: "! Zvimwe kuchakura kubva nyanduri" The kuyemurwa, kuremekedza unyanzvi - iri mhepo akakura Tsvetaeva. Okugadzira zvinhu, upenyu ramangwana rake rose akatakura munembo kurerwa ichi.

Education uye Kurerwa

Tsvetaeva dzidzo yakanaka, iye aiziva mitauro yakawanda, akararama naamai kuGermany, Italy, uye Switzerland, apo akanga kurapa tibhii. Pazera 16, akashanyira Paris kuteerera hurukuro pamusoro dzekare mabhuku Old French.

Apo Marina aiva 14, mai vake vakafa. Baba Aizvirumbidza zvikuru vana: Marina,
Hanzvadzi yake mbiri uye mukoma. Asi akaita zvakawanda dzidzo yevana kupfuura dzidzo. Zvichida ndokusaka basa Tsvetaeva kuti unobereka chidhindo mangwanani pakunamata uye pachena mupfungwa infantilism.

shamwari zhinji mhuri yakati kuti Marina hwagara Amorous chaizvo uye nechido mwana. Manzwiro yakawandisa, yakawandisa chido. Kunzwa yakafukidza Marina, iye asingagoni kudzora, uye haana kuda. Hapana kuti haana kudzidzisa, nekusiyana, vakakurudzirwa nokuisa chiratidzo okusika hunhu. Marina harisi rudo - anonamatwa chinhu manzwiro avo. Uye mano ichi kuti vanotozvifarira pemanzwiro avo, kunakidzwa kwavari, kushandisa sezvo huni okugadzira zvinhu, Marina akaramba zvachose. Rudo mubasa Tsvetaeva nguva dzose achakudzwa, zvinoshamisa, nechido. Kwete kunzwa uye kuyemurwa pavo.

Ndima yokutanga

Nyora nhetembo Marina akatanga mangwanani, nemakore matanhatu. Mumakore 18 akabudisa dzakaunganidzwa yake - mari yavo, akanyora nechido yakaoma nyaya wakayeriswa Bryusov. Yaiva imwe zvayo maitiro chepfungwa - kukwanisa zvechokwadi kuyemura mabhuku zvifananidzo. Pamwe chete undoubted epistolary chipo ichi chinokosha yakabatsira sunga Marina kujairirana zhinji vadetembi yakakurumbira nguva. Aiyemura kwete chete nhetembo, asiwo munyori, uye akanyora manzwiro ake saka pachokwadi, kuti mabhuku ongororo ikava nokunzi rudo. Pave paya, mudzimai Pasternak, kuverenga tsamba murume Tsvetaeva raMwari, akabvunza pakarepo vanorega kukurukurirana - zvakare kunofambidzana uye raida vanzwa mashoko nyanduri.

Price nechido

Asi ichi chakanga Marina Tsvetaeva. Okugadzira zvinhu, manzwiro, chido uye kuda upenyu aiva naye, kwete chete nhetembo asiwo tsamba. Izvozvo dambudziko rake - kwete sechinhu nyanduri, asi somunhu. Hakusi chete akanzwa zvakanga yaipiwa chikafu nemanzwiro.

Kusimba mashandiro kuti tarenda wake vakashanda rudo, mufaro uye kunetseka somunhu huni, ichipfuta pavo. Asi chero manzwiro upi ukama kunoda dzinenge mbiri. Avo nezvinoda Tsvetaeva, uyo akawa achifuridzirwa yake yomumba, sezvinoita Bengal moto, manzwiro, nguva dzose pakupedzisira mufaro sezvinoita zvose zvikuru chinhu pakutanga. Ndaisafara uye Tsvetaeva. Upenyu uye basa muupenyu hwake zvakare rakada zvakanyatsobatana. Iye kuvadza vanhu, uye iye haana kuziva. More chaizvo, riri kuonekwa dzinongoitika. Just mumwe akuvara paaritari Art.

muchato

Mumakore 19, Tsvetaeva akasangana wechiduku akanaka brunet. Sergei Efron akanga akangwara, yokushamisira, ainakidzwa pfungwa vakadzi. Pasina Marina uye Sergei akava murume nomudzimai. Vakawanda vevaya vaiziva nyanduri yakati dzimwe wanano yokutanga, akafara. Muna 1912, mwanasikana wake Ariadne akaberekwa.

Asi upenyu uye basa Marina Tsvetaeva ingavapo chete tichiregeredza mumwe. Kana upenyu wakaparadza nhetembo, kana nhetembo - upenyu. MuThe 1913 zvikurukuru kwaisanganisira kare nhetembo uye itsva yaidiwa chido.

mufaro Family Marina asina. Conjugal rudo nokukurumidza kuva hakunakidzi, Tsvetaeva kwakaita okugadzira zvinhu raida mafuta itsva, zviitiko itsva uye kurwadziwa - zvakanyanya, nani.

Zvakaoma kutaura kana izvi zvakaita kuti chaizvoizvo kuchinja. Marina aifarira, yakapenya zvakanyanya uye kunyora, nyora, nyora ... Ichokwadi, anotambudzika Sergei Efron aisagona kuzviona. Marina haana kufunga zvakafanira kuvanza nechido chake. Uyezve, pfungwa kubatanidzwa pamusoro vortex mumwe munhu chete akawedzera mutambo, kwakawedzerwa manzwiro. Izvi zvakanga nyika umo Tsvetaeva akararama. Themes pakati okugadzira zvinhu Nyanduri, zviri inopenya, zvavasingagoni, vaneshungu utere, vachiridza ndima - vaiva zvikamu zviviri chimwe rose.

Sapphic ukama

Muna 1914 Tsvetaeva akaziva kuti rudo kunogona kwete chete varume. Sofia Parnok, mudetembi unyanzvi uye kwakajeka mushanduri, Russian Sappho, zvakakomba kufarira Marina. Iye akasiya murume wake, akafuridzirwa uye akatakurirwa pakarepo ukama vachiridza rakabatana. Makore maviri kwakatora ushamwari ichi chinoshamisa, nekuchinja rudo uye nyoro achikudza. Zvinokwanisika kubatana chaizvoizvo aiva platonic. Manzwiro - chii vaida Marina Tsvetaeva. Life uye basa nyanduri rakaita kusingaperi pakutsvaka chinhu rudo - rudo pacharwo. Vanofara kana asingafari, yakawiriranwa kana rusina kukwana mberi, mumwe murume kana mukadzi - hazvina basa. Zviri chete inokosha kwazvo manzwiro. Tsvetaeva akanyora Parnok vakazvitsaurira nhetembo, iyo gare gare mune kuunganidza "A shamwari."

Muna 1916, ukama aitarisira, Tsvetaeva kumusha. Asinganyunyuti Efron akanzwisisa uye zvaregererwa.

Peter Efron

Gore rakatevera, zviitiko zviviri anowanikwa panguva: Sergey Efron akaenda mberi sezvo chikamu White Army, uye Marina anoberekwa mwanasikana wechipiri, Irina.

Zvisinei, nyaya yacho dzokutsigira nyika chido Efron haisi kudaro inonzwisisika. Hongu, akasvika uye anokudzwa mhuri, yaiva nhaka Narodnaya Volya, zvaanotenda zvizere zvinoenderana nevatambi of White kufamba.

Asi paiva chimwe chinhu. Uyewo 1914, Tsvetaeva akanyora nhetembo anobaya mwoyo akatsaurira mukoma wake Sergey, Peter. Akanga achirwara - kuparadzwa, sezvo amai Tsvetaeva vake. Uye iye anorwara. He anofa. Tsvetaeva, ane upenyu uye basa - murazvo manzwiro, dzakavheneka murume kumusoro. Kunenge kuti izvi zvinogona kunzi itsva iri dzose pfungwa shoko - asi rudo pachena. Iye kukuvadzwa unokwezva vakarinda kukurumidza kutsakatika jaya. Anonyora - sezvo zvaanokwanisa, kupisa uye nyama, kutsamwa. Iye anoenda kwaari kuchipatara. Dhakwa mutorwa wasvava, akadhakwa tsitsi yake yakakwirira uye dambudziko pfungwa, Marina anopa nguva kuti munhu yakawanda uye pfungwa pane murume wake mwanasikana uye. Pashure pezvose, manzwiro akajeka, zvakadai anodzimaidza mutambo kwakadaro kwakadaro - Ndivo chikuru yemisoro okugadzira zvinhu Tsvetaeva.

polygon rudo

Chii aifanira kunzwa, Sergei Efron? Murume nomurume wake akava chigumburo. Wife dzakabvarurwa pakati shamwari wokumwe uye mukoma kufa, akanyora vaneshungu nhetembo uye shrugs kure Efron.

Muna 1915, Efron anoita chisarudzo kuva mukoti uye kuenda mberi. Anoenda kuna mapoka, iye anowana kushanda muchipatara chitima. Chaiva chii? Achiziva sarudzo zvinosiyana nechivimbo kana chokunyengetera. mwoyo?

Marina kutambura uye kutambudzwa, yakabvaruka, haana kuwana nzvimbo pachake. Zvisinei, Tsvetaeva kuti okugadzira zvinhu kubva chete rowana. Poems akatsaurira kumurume wake panguva iyi, vamwe kupfuura anobaya mwoyo uye anotyisa. Mwoyo, ndichishuva uye rudo - Mitsetse izvi yose.

Passion, corrodes mweya, akasasa ari nhetembo iyi - vose Tsvetaeva. Biography uye basa nyanduri uyu kuumba mumwe, kutanga pfungwa nhetembo uye zviitiko, uye zviitiko - nhetembo uye kunzwa.

Dambudziko Irene

Kana muna 1917, Efron, kupedza chikoro ingaita, vachisiya kumberi, Marina ndoga nevana vaviri.

Chii chakazoitika, Tsvetaeva biographers vanoedza kudzivisa kunyarara. The mwanasikana muduku nyanduri Irina, kufa nenzara. Hongu, mumazuva iwayo zvakanga zvakajairika. Asi ichi kana mamiriro ezvinhu akanga chinoshamisa kwazvo. Marina pacharo rave akati aisada mwana mudiki. Vomunguva vakati iye vakarova musikana, akadana kupenga uye mapenzi. Zvichida mwana aiva nepfungwa, uye vangadaro rinoitei kutambudzwa mai.

Muna 1919, apo zvigadzirwa vakava zvachose zvakaipa, Tsvetaeva anosarudza kutumira vana vavo pachipatara pacho iri gosobespechenii. Mudetembi haana aifarira kuita mumhuri nenyonganyonga, ivo akatsamwisa naye, akamutsa hasha uye mwoyo. Atadza kutsungirira dambudziko nevana vaviri vanorwara, zvinonzi, chokwadi, anovapa pokugara. Zvino, tichiziva kuti hapana anenge asina chikafu, zvokudya ndeimwe chete - mukuru, vadiwa. Vakashaisa anotambudzika mwana matatu hazvigoni kukunda matambudziko uye kufa. Panguva iyoyowo Tsvetaeva pachake, pachena, kana asina zvokudya zvakanaka, nzwisisika. Kumanikidzira zvakakwana kushanda pamusoro fora kuti kare zvakanyorwa ambotaurwa. The chaizvo chete Tsvetaeva akataura nezvedambudziko: rudo haingatikwaniri mwana. rudo chete kwete zvakakwana.

Upenyu shasha

Izvi zvakanga Marina Tsvetaeva. Okugadzira zvinhu, manzwiro uye zvinotarisirwa mweya yakanga kukosha kwake zvipenyu vanhu pedyo. Munhu wose akanga zvokutadza pedyo moto okugadzira zvinhu Tsvetaeva vakanga singed.

Zvinonzi kuti nyanduri aiva vakatambudzwa uye udzvanyiriri, kwete hunobatsira urombo uye hwourombo. Asi muna 1920, dambudziko nyika pachena - vazhinji kutambura uye kurwadziwa akatsungirira nokuda Tsvetaeva - mhosva yake. Nokuzvidira kana involuntarily, asi kwaari. Tsvetaeva kumbofunga zvakakodzera kuchengeta manzwiro avo uye zvido cheki, aiva Musiki - zvikanzi zvose akati. Nyika yose yaitwa wake workshop. Zvakaoma kutarisira kubva akapoteredza Marina vanhu kunzwisisa mafungiro ichi nechido. Genius - Ichokwadi, anoshamisa. Asi kubva kurutivi. Avo vanotenda kuti pedyo creators kutsungirira kusava, utsinye, uye kuzvidzora rudo chete kubva kuremekedza tarenda, havana kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Uye zvakaoma kodzero kutonga.

Verenga bhuku Pazvinhu nhetembo - chimwe chinhu. Kufa nenzara, kana amai vangu havana kufunga zvakafanira zvokudya, nokuti iye haadi iwe - ndeimwewo. Chokwadi, basa Akhmatova uye Tsvetaeva - ounyanzvi ose ari Silver Age nhetembo. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti saka kuva nechokwadi kuti vanhu vakanaka.

Konstantin Rodzevich

With zvose zvaidiwa yezvakaita Tsvetaeva, nokuti vose veimba yake, hunoshanda impracticality Efron achiri akamuda. Kana hondo muna Europe, akadana mudzimai wake uye mwanasikana. Tsvetaeva akaenda. Kwenguva vaigara muBerlin, ipapo makore matatu - pedyo Prague. Ikoko, muna Czech Republic, Tsvetaeva aiva mumwe aidanana - pamwe Konstantin Rodzevich. Zvakare moto chido, nhetembo zvakare. Okugadzira zvinhu Tsvetaeva akanga Kupfumiswa nhetembo itsva mbiri.

Biographers kupembedza ichi craze kuneta poetess, wake mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo. Rodzevich Tsvetaeva akaona mukadzi, uye Marina saka vaida kuti rudo nokuyemura. Zvinoita zvikuru zvinogutsa. Kana iwe usafunga nezvokuti Tsvetaeva yaigara munyika yakanga nenzara. Tsvetaeva, yazvo kubvuma, ndiye aikonzera mwanasikana rufu. Marina kakawanda kwazvo vamwe vanhu, uye kwete chete varume, achikanganwa murume wake. Shure kwaizvozvo zvose, akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti abatsire mudzimai wake kuti kubuda ari kuziya nyika. Handisi urirasire - kunyangwe Chokwadi, ndaikwanisa. Not vakarambwa pamusoro asvika. Kwete Ndakamupa pokugara kwake, zvokudya uye kurarama murugare. Chokwadi, chii chinhu chaizvo dzorudo ... zviri hakunakidzi. Munhuwo. Chokwadi musiyano mumwe feni itsva.

European kufarira Tsvetaeva

Maererano vamwe vakararama, mwanakomana Tsvetaeva, George - kwete mwana Efron. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti baba vomukomana kunge Rodzevich. Asi mashoko echokwadi iyi. Avo nokusatenda ubaba Efron, Marina haana kufanana, zvaionekwa richifadza zvikuru, kwazvo uye anonyengera murume. Naizvozvo, vose zvichibvira tsanangudzo, vakasarudza kupfuura chisingafadzi, discrediting zita nyanduri. Vaiva nezvikonzero nezvavasingadi ichi? Pamwe. Zvinyorwa izvi zvinofanira kuvimbwa? Kwete Rusaruro - ndeechokwadi muvengi.

Mukuwedzera, kwete chete aiva nyaya unokwezva Rodzevich Tsvetaeva. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari scandalous kunyorerana Pasternak, izvo yakapindira mukadzi neyokupedzisira, kutsvaga dzokunyanyisa, takasununguka. Sezvo 1926 Marina akanyora Rilke, uye nokuwadzana inogara kwenguva refu - kusvikira pakufa nyanduri kunozivikanwa.

Life muutapwa Tsvetaeva hachifadzi. Iye chaunenge uchida Russia, anoda kuuya shure, vachinyunyuta pamusoro chirwere uye kusurukirwa. Nyika yokumusha nemabasa Tsvetaeva anova aitungamirira dingindira mumakore aya. Marina anonakidzwa prose iye anonyora pamusoro Voloshin, pamusoro Pushkin, pamusoro Andrew White.

The murume panguva ino kufarira pfungwa chiKomonizimu iye akadzokorora mafungiro aro hurumende yeSoviet, uye kunyange vakasarudza kutora chikamu pachivande mabasa.

1941 - Suicide

Kwete imwe kurwara Marina homecoming. Mwanasikana, Ariadne, zvakare, nenhokwe musha - uye chaizvoizvo kupinda Soviet Union. Zvadaro anodzoka kumba Efron, kare kubudikidza nguva yokuuraya zameshenny pamwe enyika nechimiro chokureva. Uye muna 1939, pashure pemakore 17 kuenda kumwe, Tsvetaeva pakupedzisira, uyewo anodzoka. Mufaro waiva pfupi. Muna August wegore iroro, akasungwa Ariadne, muna November - Sergei. Efron muna 1941 akapfurwa Ariadne akagamuchira makore 15 mujeri vachipomerwa kuti vasori. dambudziko ravo Tsvetaeva saka chinhu uye havana kuwana - chete tariro kuti pedyo vachiri vapenyu.

Muna 1941, hondo yakatanga, munhu Marina pamwe gumi mwanakomana vakaenda Yelabuga, ari kubvisa. Haana mari, hapana basa, kufemera akasiya poetess. Ndaneta, kuvhiringidzika, vakasurukirwa Tsvetaeva akaputsa uye 31.08.1941, asi akazviuraya - akasungirirwa.

Iye akavigwa munharaunda kumakuva. Chaiwo nzvimbo Hazvizivikanwi yokuzorora nzvimbo nyanduri -only nehasha munharaunda apo pane makuva anoverengeka. Pakanga makore akawanda gare gare, chiyeuchidzo shongwe. A chete nemaonero pamusoro chaiyo nzvimbo kuvigwa haisi Tsvetaeva.