Sofia Parnok. mudetembi Russian uye mushanduri. Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Sofia Parnok - mudetembi unyanzvi uye mushanduri. Inonzi Russian Sappho (Sappho) - ndicho chete imwe yose nzvimbo Soviet kutaura pachena pamusoro ngochani rudo. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa uye yakavhenekerwa kubva kumativi akasiyana ukama dzaro Marina Tsvetaeva. Last - zvakawanda aisimbisa nomudetembi, apo Parnok haana muduku kwaari hapana tarenda, hapana kukosha mune mabhuku Russian. Vose vari vaviri, mudetembi of Silver Age, iyo akasiya chaizvo oupenyu mashoko - chipo vana. Sofia Yakovlevna anozivikanwa kwete chete munzvimbo expanses yeRussia. A yakawanda ichi chave bhuku Diana Lewis Burgin "Sofia Parnok. Life uye basa Russian Sappho '.

chikuru mashoko

Sofiya Yakovlevna Parnok, zita chairo iro kwainge Parnoh, akaberekwa pakutanga August, nhamba 11, muna 1885 (maererano nekarenda kare - July 30). Taundi rokumusha Nyanduri - Taganrog. baba Sofia vake, Yakov Solomonovich, aiva chezvinodhaka, apo iye akanga ashanda sezvo mishonga. Aiva wenyaya honorary mugari weguta. Alexander Abramovna, mai Sophia vake, kubudikidza basa uye rakapihwa akanga ari chiremba, akanga akanyorwa pachizvarwa rokutanga vanachiremba mukadzi mu Russia. mhuri Parnoh raiva rakabudirira, kunze, chaiva tsika uye vakadzidza vepamusoro muguta. Hazvishamisi kuti vose vana vaJakove uye Alexandra Solomonovicha Abramovna vakanga zvakakwana kuumbwa - kubvira ndichiri muduku vaitamba mumhanzi, mangwanani akadzidza kuverenga, kudzidza mitauro miviri yokumwe (German uye French). Kuwedzera heroine yedu, uye kubudirira mune rokusika munda yakasvika hanzvadzi yake uye hanzvadzi (Valentin Parnoh uye Elizaveta Tarahovskaya). Akaenda mberi kuva wokutanga anozivikanwa marimba mufananidzo, rakashandurwa uye akanyora yake nhetembo. Elizaveta Tarahovskaya Zvakazivikanwawo somunhu nyanduri. Sofia Parnok, akavapindurawo, nokukurumidza akaratidza tarenda rake chaiko - ndima yokutanga rakanyorwa nayo kare makore matanhatu.

makore okutanga

Gemini, Valentin uye Lizaveta muduku pane nomukoma wake, Sophia, kwemakore gumi. Nokuberekwa kwavo kuyeuka Parnoh mhuri njodzi - kupa upenyu vana vavo, Alexander Abramovna akafa yokusununguka. Baba, kwete kuda kuva oga, kwapera nguva akasarudza vakaroorana yechipiri uye akaroorwa governess. Consequences - kuzvibvisa uye hwava kuderera mune ukama mwanasikana mukuru. Sezvo upenyu muna Taganrog imba yake yaakaberekerwa akanga Sophia Parnok mutoro.

inotungamirwa

Muna 1894, mumwe Parnok wechiduku akanyoresa Women raMwari Taganrog Marian jimunasiyamu. 1900 kwakaratidza kutanga kunyora vakawanda nhetembo - chaiyo mutsetse uye marongerwo Sofia mubhuku, vazhinji vavo achiripo. Vanopa mashoko echokwadi pamusoro nhetembo Parnok iyoyo. Muna 1903 iye chikoro pamwe kukuru zvatinogamuchira menduru yegoridhe pamusoro pezvavakanga vaita. Mumakore akatevera gore Sofia Yakovlevna akatsaurira Geneva Conservatory, kuburikidza izvo nyanduri zvakakwana Zvisinei kuridzwa piyano, kubudikidza muimbi iye haana kuenda.

Sofia Parnok akadzoka kuSwitzerland kuRussia aine chinangwa mberi nedzidzo yavo. Kugara St. Petersburg, kwaaigara babamunini vake, Parnok uye vakaedza kuramba dzidzo yake mimhanzi, asi wakati akadzidza ari Conservatory kweguta kwenguva pfupi nguva, ndakaziva kuti nyanzvi kugadzira mumhanzi kwete kwaari, uye akasiya chikoro ichi muna 1905. Akanga avimbiswa uyewo Higher dzevakadzi Bestuzhev makosi, asi ayo pakusarudza weVadzidzisi Vedare muMutemo uye haina yapera.

zvisikwa

Hatigoni kutaura nekuchiva aiva mabhuku Parnok? Sofia Yakovlevna shanduro dzakawanda kubva French, akanyora yokunyora nokudhirowa uye caricatures, uye Geneva akamumutsa nayo akafuridzirwawo kunyora ichitanga nhetembo rokutanga - ipapo kuti iye akasangana Nadezhda Pavlovna Polyakov. Lyrics Sofia Parnok, pfungwa, iri zvapararira kwazvo murudo mukadzi, katsika akaona mangwanani uye haana kuramba.

Nyanduri anodhinda kutanga muna 1906. Debut akatanga nyaya yake mu "Russian Pfuma" uye "manotsi kuchamhembe" (rakabudiswa muna 1913 pasi nezita Andrew Polyanina, akanyora nyaya dzinonetsa).

By 1910 Parnok mbiri mumabhuku yeChina yawedzera zvokuti munhu "Russian makuhwa," akanga ari pamwe zvachose. The mudetembi chaizvo tichida kurarama muMoscow.

Muna 1916 akauya kuunganidzwa wenhetembo Sofia Yakovlevna Parnok kunzi prosaic ( "Poems").

Mushure 1917 chimurenga, mudetembi akaenda Pike, asi akadzokera kuMoscow mukutanga 20s uye akasunungura kuunganidza mana nhetembo (1922-1928.).

Muna 1930, kuti dhanzi akanga kufanorongwa vake libretto vozymevshaya acho ose akabudirira.

Mumakore achangopfuura, Sofia Parnok, kufanana zhinji panguva, yakakanganiswa kutamiswa.

upenyu Personal

Pasinei vachiri kuziva zvadziri, Russian Sappho muna 1907 akaroora VM Volkshteyna. Zvichida chikonzero ichi chaiva mamiriro ezvemari zvakaoma - baba, kwete kuitwa wakafadzwa pamwe zvidzidzo mwanasikana wake, kwabviswa Parnok mari. Asi makore maviri gare gare muchato dzakaguma nokurambana. Sofia haana kukwanisa kuda murume wake, kunze, sezvo zvikazooneka, mupe vana vakasagona.

Vachigara St. Petersburg, Parnok aiziva vaitungamirira mabhuku kwokufananidzira nguva, kusanganisira Alexander Blok uye panguva iyoyo zvishoma-anozivikanwa Anna Akhmatova. Vamwe vavo vaiva shamwari dzake dzepedyo kumarudzi hwavo, akadai Maximilian Voloshin.

Marina Tsvetaeva uye Sofia Parnok

Relations pakati maviri vadetembi akakurumbira vachiri dzinonakidza uye biographers uye admirers nemabasa avo.

October 16, 1914 pane imwe mabhuku manheru uye akasangana izvi zviviri midzimu pehama. dzorudo yavo kwakatora chaizvo makore maviri - kusvikira wechando 1916. mufaro wavo mukuru yakatanga saka pakarepo, sokunge pachine akaprofita kuti uzive zvakaipa zvakazoitika - vose vakafunga kuti vaizofanira kusiya nokukurumidza. Asi chii yaizova kunyange enganonyorwa kana wavakuzi Sofia Parnok (Biography rinotiudza Somuenzaniso, pamusoro Nine Vedeneevoy, rudo wake wokupedzisira), Marina Tsvetaeva akasiya yakadzika aitodada mundangariro yake uye basa rake.

mumakore achangodarika

August 26, 1933 mumusha Sofia Yakovlev akafa nechirwere chomwoyo. Mumakore achangopfuura, haana kunyora, uye vabva mabhuku yeChina. Funeral Parnok vaiva Lefertovo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Boris Pasternak akanga aripo. Tsvetaeva, pamusoro yayo vimbiso, wakatambudzika rufu aimbova musikana nani hanya.