Bhiri isiri mhindu chikwereti risiti

Bhuku iri ibhuku rinoratidza kuvimbiswa kwedhirodhi kuti kuripire mari yakatarwa yakatarwa munguva yakatarwa. Icho chinyorwa chekuchengetedza ndechokuti, chaizvoizvo, chisingaiti chekubhadhara mari, chakabudiswa zvakananga mumhando yakatemwa. Zvinyorwa zvakadaro hazvina mvumo uye zvisingabvumirwi makisiti.

Bumbiro remutemo rinoshandiswa munyika dzose rinowanikwa musangano rekushandurwa kwekokorodzano yakasayirwa muGeneva muna 1930.

Nenzira yekutengeserana, mune zvikwereti zvinosanganiswa, zvinogoverwa mumhando dzinotevera. Bhizimusi rekutengeserana ibhuku rinobuda panguva dzekutengesa kwekutengesa kwezvigadzirwa, kupiwa kwebasa uye kushanda kwetsika yemabasa pachikwereti. Icho chiri pamwe chete nemamwe matsamba anosimbisa mararamiro ayo. Nhepfenyuro - yakabudiswa neHurumende yeMari nemabhangi kuwedzera mari.

Kune miviri miviri mikuru yezvivimbiso izvi . Bhuku risina kunyanya kusungirwa kusingabvumirwi nemutoro kuti ubhadhe chikwereti chinorehwa mubhuku racho kune mubhadhadzi wekubhadhara paanoda kana munguva yawakatarwa. Pamusoro pekutsanangurwa kwebhuku kune avo vatori vechikamu chepakutanga - dhidhi uye anogamuchirwa - vamwe vanhu vanogonawo kubatana: vatsigiri uye vanyori.

Bhuku rekutsinhanisa ibhuku rakarongeka nekodhi kumunhu ane chikwereti kuti abhadhara mari yakatarirwa iyo kumunhu (uyo ane kodzero yekuwana mari inotamirwa pasi pebhadharo rekutsinhana ). Dhidhi ndiro dhidhiro, dhee ndiyo dhee. Mutemo wakadaro une simba rekuchengetedza zvakasimba: mumwe nomumwe anotevera chikwereti anotora chikwereti anokweretwa kubhadhara pamwe nemunhu ane chikwereti. A kutumira zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuendeswa kwekodzero yakadaro kune mumwe munhu kunonzi kuvimbiswa.

Kubudirira kubva pamutemo wekubatsira, zvikwereti zvakagoverwa kuva nehanya (kubhadhara chiso chakakosha uye kufarira) uye kubhadhara (chete mari yezita inobhadharwa, iyo inobatwa pane zvisingabatsiri kubva pamutengo wezita racho).

Chikoro chebhadharo chakasiyana zvikuru. Pachikonzero chemugadziri, zvivimbiso izvi ndezvipi zviviri. Imwe mari yekuchengetedza mari ndeyechinyorwa chinyorwa chechipiri chinotumirwa nehurumende kana neCentral Bank nekukura kwemakore 90 kana 180. Zvikwereti zvekuchengetedza ndiyo nzira yekuvimbisa kuzadzika kwezvisungo pasi pekutengesa. Zvinoshandiswa kuwana zvikwereti, kana pane kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pemunhu anokwereta.

Bhizimusi rega rega rinobudiswa nemapoka emari, makambani, mabhengi emabhizimisi. Tsvete dzakadaro dzinoshandisa zvinhu uye mari yekutengesa. Zvinoratidza ukama hwechikwereti muzvibereko. Nekubatsira kwavo, kubhadhara zvikwereti, kugamuchira mari yebhajheji, kubhadhara mitero, mubhadharo, kushandiswa kwemari. Bhiri iri rine marudzi akasiyana-siyana. Bhiriro rehukama rinobudiswa nomunhu mumwe kune rimwe risina kuendeswa nechinangwa chokuripa, asi nokuda kwechinangwa chekugadzirisa mubhadha. Vanoshanyira vanhu vari muhukama hwevamwe (hukama), kuitira kuti vazobhadhara bhaari kubhangi uye vawane mari yaro kana kubhadhara zvinhu. Bhandi ("bhururu") mushumo isiri iyo isina kubhadhara kwechokwadi uye mamiriro ezvinhu emari, uye kana mumwe wevanhu vanobatanidzwa mukushanda kwakadaro ndeyechokwadi. Papepa rakadaro, unogona kuwana mari kubva kubhangi kana kuishandisa kuti ubhadhara zvikwereti pane zvekutengeserana kwezvinhu kana zvimwe zvikwereti zvemari. Izvi zvikwereti zvinoshandiswa apo mamiriro emari yemunhu ane chikwereti akaoma kana kubiridzira. Zvinyorwa zvakadaro zvinokanganisa mari yekudzoka.

Mari yemari isina mari inoshandiswa inoita kuti zvinhu zvisakanganise mune zvehupfumi, kushandura zvigadzirwa kubva mukutengeserana kwekutengeserana, zvinotungamirira kuderedza mari. Munyaya iyi, pane pfungwa ye "bill inflation".