Misimboti yehudhiyo yekukurukurirana

Muna 1887, Henry Hertz akaratidza kuti simba rema electromagnetic rinogona kutumirwa munzvimbo iyo yakafanana nemafungu eredhiyo anopfuura nepakati pemhepo pamusoro pekumhanya kwechiedza. Uku kuwanikwa kwakabatsira kukudziridza mazano eredhiyo yekukurukurirana, ayo anoshandiswa mazuva ano. Mukuwedzera, musayendisiti akaratidza kuti mafungu eredhiyo ane magetsi ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye chimiro chavo chikuru ndechokuti nguva inoshandiswa simba rinopesana pakati pemagetsi uye magnetic fields. Izvo zvinowanzoitika muHz (Hz) zvakabatana newavelength λ, iyo ndiyo nzvimbo iyo motinhiyo inofamba panguva imwe chete. Nokudaro, chirevo chinotevera chinowanikwa: λ = C / F (apo C yakaenzana nekukurumidza kwechiedza).

Nheyo dzemaredhiyo ekukurukurirana dzinobva pakuparidzirwa kwemashoko-anotakura mafungu eredhiyo. Vanogona kutumira izwi kana kuti dhijitari. Kuti uite izvi, redhiyo inofanira kuva:

- Chigadziro chekuunganidza mashoko munharaunda yegetsi (semuenzaniso, microphone). Ichi chiratidzo chinonzi iyo huru frequency band munharaunda yakatarwa yeruzhinji.

- Modulator yeruzivo inopindira muchikwata chemafirimu chechiratidzo pane zvakasarudzwa neredhiyo.

- Kutumira, chiratidzo chekusimudzira simba chinotumira kune antenna.

- Antenna kubva kumudonzvo wekutenderera wehumwe hurefu, huchabudisa mhepo yevheti yemagetsi.

- Chiratidzo chekusimudzira pamativi ekugamuchira.

- Demodulator, iyo inogona kukwanisa kuburitsa ruzivo rwepakutanga kubva kune redhiyo redhiyo yakagamuchirwa.

- Pakupedzisira, chigadziro chekubudisa ruzivo rwakapfuudzwa (somuenzaniso, rudipiti).

Nheyo dzeredhiyo yekukurukurirana

Nheyo yemazuva ano yeredhiyo yekukurukurirana yakagadzirwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura. Panguva iyoyo redhiyo yakagadzirwa zvikuru kunyanya izwi uye mimhanzi. Asi nekukurumidza zvakakwanisa kushandiswa nemitemo yeredhiyo yekukurukurirana kwekutumirwa kwemashoko akaoma kunzwisisa. Somuenzaniso, zvakadai semashoko. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuve nokugadzirwa kweTorse telegraph.

Kazhinji kutaura, mimhanzi kana telegraph ndeyokuti ruzivo rwehutano rwakakonzerwa nehutano hwakanaka hunoonekwa nehukuru uye huwandu (Hz). Vanhu vanokwanisa kunzwa manzwi ari pakati peHz 30 uye kusvika kusvika 12 000 Hz. Iyi ibha inonzi inonzi sound spectrum.

Iro radio frequency spectrum yakakamurwa muzvikwata zvakasiyana- siyana zvezvikwata. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chakange chiine maitiro chaiwo nekuremekedza mazaisai uye kucheneswa mumhepo. Simbisai miitiro yekukurukurirana inotsanangurwa mu tafura iri pasi, iyo inoshanda mune imwe kana imwe nzvimbo.

Nhasi zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti chii chingave chaita vanhu pasina radio yekukurukurirana, iyo yakawana kushandiswa kwayo mune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano. Semuenzaniso, mitemo yeredhiyo yekukurukurirana uye terevhizheni inoshandiswa mumashamba efoni, keyboards, GPRS, Wi-Fi, makombiyuta asina mashizha emakombiyuta nezvimwe zvakadaro.