The Federation Council of Federal Assembly of Russian Federation: paumbwe, akafanana, masimba

Munenge zvose kunyika pane paramende, rakakamurwa makamuri maviri. configuration ichi - mukana nzira kuumba kwegadziriro macheki uye pachiyero. Kana imwe kamuri iri vachida radicalism, vamwe vanofanira kumisa ayo zvisarudzo kana kushandura mitemo kuti vave zvikuru zvinogamuchirika uye inobudirira. zano kwakadaro akaberekwa muna West akatorwa pamusoro muRussia ano. The Federation Council of Federal Assembly of Russian Federation - ndiyo yokumusoro imba yeparamende (State Duma ndiye rezasi).

chigaro

Yokumusoro imba akazviratidza muna paramende Russian muna 1990. Zvisinei, zvikabva of Federation Council kumbonyatsoziva naye, uye akava chibereko Hurumende yeSoviet. Kuti achinja zvose muna 1993 apo nyika yakatanga bumbiro idzva. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, uye yakavhurwa neDare Federation of Federal Assembly of Russian Federation. Nemamiriro Paramende iri enshrined mu Article 95 anokosha mutemo Russian Federation.

Pakati pamakamuri maviri Federal Assembly musiyano inokosha kwavo murayiro inotungamirwa uye kugona. The Council akanga rusununguko yakawanda masimba, izvo richengetwe iye mamiriro chinokosha achishandisa hurumende. Mumakore achangopfuura, muviri uyu kakawanda dzakataurwa weSeneti uye nhengo dzayo - vakuru. Izvi zviri kuitika zvinogona kuonekwa kurongwa venhau, uye kutaura, vakuru vakuru vehurumende uye machinda kiyi nyika.

masimba

Wide Federation Council namasimba enyika Russian Federation anorondedzerwa zvizere Russian remitemo. Yokumusoro imba vangaramba kana mugogona chero mutemo akapfuura pamberi State Duma.

Zvinyorwa izvi zviri rakakamurwa marudzi anoverengeka. Izvi anonyanya mitemo yeUnited. Namasimba Federation Council vakadaro kuti diverge senguva dzose kwemasvomhu ruzhinji vhoti kana pusa backlog mukati memazuva 14. Panguva iyoyowo, mamiriro vamwe priori mitemo anogona kuvaita fanira kuti usvike kune vakuru. Panyaya iyi, iyo mashandiro wokuramba gwaro haushandi.

lawmaking

Zvinodiwa kuti nokuongorora Council of Federation, mitemo yeUnited States bhajeti, yeUnited mitero uye mari, mari, zvikwereti, mari uye tsika mirayiro. Uyewo, boka iri inosanganisira mibvunzo hondo uye norugare, kudzivirirwa uye mamiriro kumuganhu wehurumende, nokutsamwa ratification kuti zvibvumirano dzakawanda uye, pakupedzisira, nyaya mari.

Kana Council of Federation of Federal Assembly anotendera murayiro, pepa inoenda purezidhendi kuti siginicha. 112 mavhoti (zviviri muzvitatu ari vakuru) kukurira vemutungamiri kurambidza, uye 126 mavhoti (-mumativi vatatu vakuru) vafadzwe mitemo mubumbiro yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita uye mitemo Rinoongorora Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro Romutemo.

rwendo

Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu mavhoti ose Federation Council vangaramba mutungamiri kubva ake pambiru. MaSeneta vanogadzwa vatongi Supreme Court, dare Dare kuyananisa Court uye nhengo Presidium Supreme Court. Uyewo, Council of Federation of Federal Assembly anosarudza ndiani achatora pambiru Muchuchisi General uye ake navakuru. Yokumusoro imba yeparamende rinogadza vamiririri vaviri kuna National Banking Council. It inorondedzera Accounting Chamber Vaongorori nevatevedzeri sachigaro waro.

Miviri Federation Council Utare nhengo chetatu CEC - Central Election Commission, iyo anoita nesarudzo muitiro munyika. Zvavakanga kusarudza vachava mumwe nhengo Board of Federal Commission, iyo Tracking pakati kuchengetedzeka pamusika. Seneti Vamiririri inhengo wePublic Service pasi Russian President kuti Council.

zvimwe zvinhu

Ane simba uye haina chokuita kuenda ane Federation Council. The Constitution rinotaura kuti waanoti miganhu itsva pakati vanotongwa Russian Federation, uye mutemo wenyika vachizivisa mauto atonge kana mutemo wechiuto. Yokumusoro anosarudza musi musarudzo.

Federation Council (sachigaro Federation Council uye vakuru) anekodzero yokushanda kwavo pamisangano nzira. Ndivo 1-2 nguva pamwedzi munguva kubva October kuna July. Misangano zvinogona inoshamisa kana President anogamuchira panyaya yacho Prime Minister, hurumende, cheshanu nhengo Federation Council, kana Russia mudunhu. A cheVaapositori kunoda kuvapo hafu nhengo yokumusoro imba yeparamende. Kana 50% haina asvika, musangano akaona ineligible. Kazhinji, Federation Council riri kushanda pakachena rudzi, zvisinei, kana inopiwa mirau, chimiro inogona kuvharwa.

The chokutanga basa

The Seneti ane chaizvo kukosha mabasa. The rokutanga vaiona mashoko President kusvikira Federal Assembly yayo kurapwa. Next ndiwo yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Constitution, gwaro reConstitutional uye batana mitemo. Vamwe vavo angava mamiriro pasi fanira ongororo. Third vari pasi kukumbira uye vaitaura ari kutevedzana uku kune Constitutional Court. The yokupedzisira ichaongororwa vakagamuchirwa neHurumende Duma of Federal mitemo chokuita nyaya zvokutsamwa uye ratification kuti zvibvumirano dzakawanda.

Federation Council misangano inoitwa maererano nemirau. Itai vakuru vane mukana kutaura co-nomushumo, vanotaura shoko rokupedzisira. Vanewo kodzero chikamu gakava, kuti mashoko uye nyaya.

Murayiro inotungamirwa

Sezvo murayiro Federation Council, zvinonzi zvasvika nevamiririri maviri kubva nyaya Russian Federation. Imwe muparamende emo, mumwe - nevarikutonga. Term upi Senator - makore maviri. The Kuronga Federation Council anochinja zvishoma nezvishoma chete nokuchinja simba kumatunhu.

Maererano nemitemo, nhengo yokumusoro imba yeparamende vanonakidzwa kutapata. Havagoni kuitwa criminally uye administratively mhosva nokuda kwokutsamwa panzvimbo dzavo uye maonero ari vhoti. The Federation Council riri muronga uye kuumbwa panheyo asiri partisanship. Nhengo dzayo havaumbi neshamwari kana zvikamu zviduku, sezvo tsika muna State Duma.

The rokuti hofisi Federation Council yose haasi kunyanya shoma. Kusiyana State Duma pakati murwiyo womuviri uyu pasi kuti "nyoro kutenderera". Izvi zvinoreva kuti shoko rokuti hofisi neimwe nhengo dzayo kunotemwa nesimba romunharaunda. The Constitution anopa mikana matatu chete umo State Duma uye Federation Council of Russia vaungana. Izvi kunzwa anotaura Constitutional Court, purezidhendi mashoko uye mashoko ose dzimwe hura ehurumende. Kazhinji, mukamuri rimwe inoomerera nheyo noninterference munyaya imwe.

mamiriro

The Federation Council of 170 nhengo. Vari rakakamurwa mumatare (Defense uye Security Affairs, pfungwa dzeKomisheni uye Legal Affairs uye Constitutional Law, pamusoro mutero mitemo, bhajeti, zvemari murau, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Mumwe zviumbu anokonzera mumagariro negwaro. Other mitemo pfuma noukama uye zvoupfumi kuchinja. Pakupedzisira, pane komiti iri Kishi zvakanangana uye munyaya dzakawanda. Pakati vakuru muzvirongwa mumapoka nemagariro, sainzi, dzidzo uye okurima negwaro.

komiti mumwe anopa mazano panyaya kuwa mukati ayo utongi. Zvinoitawo anovandudza uye mitemo wongororo gwaro zvinganaka kuti kuzviisa pasi State Duma. Committees ungamubatsira hearings dzeparamende. Muzvikamu zvakadai vanosanganisira nhengo dzose Federation Council, kunze sachigaro uye vanoverengeka navabatsiri vake. Senator Mumwe anogona kuva komiti imwe chete, sezvo chikamu zvinofanira vanhu vanenge 10. ne "sectors" kuparadzirwa inofanira mvumo mukuru sarudzo (ruzhinji mavhoti).

sachigaro

The Federation Council hunange nasachigaro. Kubva 2011 kusvika nhasi, chinzvimbo ichi dzaidzidziswa Valentina Matvienko. Sachigaro mugove kwesangano uye masimba. Anotungamirira musangano kunotema dzomunyika mitemo House, yakasainwa nezvinotendwa zvisarudzo, allocates mashandiro pakati wevatariri ake.

Sachigaro kuti Komiti yacho akapfuura State Duma, uyewo mabhiri kuti zvinganaka State Duma. Ari kusarudzwa pakavanda nokuvhota. The candidacy ari kubvumirwa nehafu, uye inzwi rimwe.

Progress uye hukama purezidhendi

The State Duma, hurumende yeRussia, Federation Council nevamwe hurumende masangano ehurumende anofanira kushanda pamwe chete, saka Federation Council nguva dzose ane mumwe chinangwa. Zvinonzi inoumbwa ne sachigaro uye inobva vaitaura pamusoro matare uye makomisheni muimba yepamusoro. Own nyaya pamusoro wenyaya anogona sarudza boka vakuru vanhu vanenge 10, uyewo mbiri vakuru vaimiririra imwe nyaya pamusoro Russian Federation. kuchinja vavo purogiramu inogona kuita wenyika mumiririri chaiye Federation Council.

The musoro wehurumende interacts pamwe yokumusoro imba yeparamende, uye mune dzimwe nzira. Pachivanhu chinokosha mharidzo wegore President kusvikira Federal Assembly. It munhu wokutanga formulates dzinokosha matambudziko uye zvinetso kuti takatarisana neHurumende uye izvo zvinofanira kutanga kugadziriswa. Somuenzaniso, kungava dambudziko kudiwa kuvandudza mutero uye rwezvemabhengi gadziriro. Pakadaro, uye neHurumende Duma uye Federation Council anofanira kufunga aronga abatsire of President.

The nhoroondo

The Council of Federation rokutanga akaita 1994-1996. Aiva kuchinja uye naizvozvo sezvo zvagara kwave kusarudzwa nevanhu, kwete masimba ari RF nyaya zvakananga. predstatel yake raiva Vladimir Shumeyko.

Council wechipiri Federation anoyeukwawo so "Gavhuna-se mutauri." Iye akagara kubva 1996-2001. Rakanga inotungamirwa Yegor Stroyev. A pachena chepfungwa Federation Council - zvakanzi raiumbwa magavhuna uye napurezidhendi omunzvimbo legislatures. MaSeneta hazvina kushanda mugari hwaro nguva nenguva musangano muMoscow.

Chechitatu Nguva paumbwe Federation Council akauya 2002-2012 biennium. Ndiyo Paakazosimuka kubvisa zvavo Transitional zvatariswa, uye vakagamuchira yakagadzikana chimiro. Sachigaro Federation Council Sergei Mironov aiva, uye kubvira 2011 - Valentina Matvienko. Yokumusoro chechina imba yeparamende rakaumbwa mukupera 2012. It unoshanda nhasi. Reformatting kwakakonzerwa kuitwa itsva mutemo yeUnited pamusoro Federation Council.