Baikal-Amur Mainline: chikuru chokufambisa hubs. Kuvaka Baikal-Amur Mainline

Baikal-Amur Mainline - mumwe njanji kupfuura munyika. kuvakwa kwayo akabatanidzwa inokosha basa kukura kuSiberia nharaunda, aiva tiwedzere paumbwe maindasitiri emakambani, ari kubuda mumaguta itsva, akapa basa zviuru zvevanhu munyika.

patani

Hurumende The Russian akatora sarudzo pakuvaka Baikal-Amur njanji mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Mugwagwa Zara kuburikidza nechokuchamhembe Baikal, kwaizova budiriro iri kukura munharaunda okumabvazuva. Pashure pehondo, vokuJapan vaiva kugadzirisa dambudziko vokumabvazuva kunzvimbo yakaoma-to-zvitengeswa. The War World First, Revolution uye nemigumisiro yayo kumanikidzwa kumbosendeka nyaya iyi - in Soviet Union kana kusina magadzirirwo kana vachikwanisa dzika pamwero mukuru chirongwa.

Zvakare zvakatora naye kusvikira 1930. Pamusangano hurumende akapiwa rimwe sangano chaiyo kushanda kuchiteshi chirongwa, izvo zvaizoita kuti zita rokuti Trans-Siberian njanji, asi yaiva kuchamhembe uye zvinopa mukana nzira yokubudisa kuna Pacific nemhenderekedzo. Panguva iyoyowo itsva nzira kupa zita - Baikal-Amur Mainline. Major zvifambiso hubs wakanyatsokodzera Irkutsk, Amur Region, Khabarovsk Territory, nhema muRepublic of Buryatia uye Yakutia dzisingambosvikiki nyika. Nechekare muna 1933 yokutanga njanji mutsetse, nzvimbo hwakagadzwa.

kuvaka

Full-pamwero basa iri rokuvaka Bam, izvo kwakabatana Taishet uye Sovetskaya Gavan, guta nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, yakatanga muna 1937. ASB pakarepo akagamuchira kurongwa zita - "kuvakwa remakore". Izvi hazvishamisi. Kuvaka Baikal-Amur Mainline yakaenderera mberi kwemakore, akamira kwemakore mashomanana nokuti hondo, uye ipapo nemhaka yokushaya mari. Nanhasi, kuti IRR ndeimwe yenzvimbo zvinodhura zvirongwa rakapedzwa muzana remakore rechi20.

Nokuti kuvakwa yose munyika mumajeri nemisasa zvinokwezva zviuru vasungwa. Zviremera vakasvikapowo vanhu kutora chikamu paivakwa mugwagwa, iyo aifanira kuva ramangwana simba. Vavaki zvinopa pekugara uye zvivako zvose zvakafanira. Pakuvaka migwagwa uye guta kumhuka kuSiberia.

Munguva kubva muna 1942 kusvika muna 1947 basa rakanga raizosungirirwa nemhaka yehondo. Chaitevera kwakaitika muna 1953. Zvinodhura purojekiti zvaida huru musoro mari uye nevanhu zvinhu.

Construction vakatangazve chete pashure anenge 20 makore - muna 1974. "Kuvakwa remakore" vakatanga zvakare nokukurumidza kumhanya, akakudziridza uye nyanzvi dzakawanda nzira. Zvakanditorera mumwe makore 12 kubatanidza zvose nzvimbo. Panguva ino, panguva dzakasiyana nzvimbo munharaunda dzakawanda dzenyika yacho vakanga vakashandisa dzinokwana vashandi kuvakwa vanenge mamiriyoni 2. Muna 1989, pakava IRR zvizere panguva map Russia. Panguva iyoyo akanga pamutemo ishande.

Baikal-Amur Mainline: chikuru chokufambisa hubs

ASB rinotanga Taishet Station Trans-Siberian Railway, uye ipapo anoenda East. Heino pokutangira enzira unobva maviri kupfuura chinzvimbo chokufambisa chirongwa nyika. Kana rakavakwa Baikal-Amur Mainline, chikuru zvifambiso hubs vave achishingaira "kukura mu" vanhu tichiregeredza vavaki kubva zvose pamusoro nyika kuuya pano kushanda, uye ipapo vakaenda zvachose dzokugara.

Chinokosha dzemapurisa mugwagwa vari: Taishet, Tynda, Nerungri, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Soviet Harbor. ASB aiva njanji wokutanga munharaunda Yakutia, riri nokuda utsinye dzinongoitika ezvinhu yagara kubviswa munyika, uye shoko iri rinoitwa chete achishandisa nendege.

Development nyika kumativi IRR

Designers, unobatanidza pakati Trans-Siberian Railway kuna Pacific kumhenderekedzo, akasarudza nzira yeramangwana enzira, kufukidza chikuru chicherwa deposits. Saka zvakanzi aronga kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda yokufambisa. Railroad Makwara vaifanira kuunza zvaioneka zvikomborero uye aivabatsira kutakurwa zvicherwa.

Chinonyanya akadzidza nenzira kutevera IRR ndivo coalfields: Ogodzhinskaya uye Elga, minda Udokanskoye mhangura, mafuta uye gasi muna Talakanskoye, VC, Yarakta nedzimwe nzvimbo. Uyewo, pane zvinokosha deposits esimbi ores, ores mhangura, apatite uye gasi mune dzimwe nzira. Kuwedzera kuita uye kunyatsoshanda remapazi pazvivako izvi, zvakakodzera kumisa zviri chokufambisa kwezvivako yemunharaunda nechokwadi hurukuro zvinhu zvakananga kunzvimbo vachizvitakudza mumotokari.

Most nhepfenyuro zvikuru mumugwagwa

Nokuda kuvakwa mugwagwa rakava guta Ust-Kut, Tynda (ekupedzisira pakuzivikanwa se "mwoyo IRR"). Taishet - sokuronga kukosha chiteshi, pokuti yakatangwa Baikal-Amur Mainline. Large senga nodes uyewo kupfuura Tynda, zvichiteverwa matavi vaviri North (mu Nerungri) uye South (pa Skovorodino), unobva, nenzira yakadaro pamwe Trans njanji.

The chinouraya chiteshi - guta Sovetskaya Gavan, riri pamahombekombe ari Tatar Strait. Anozivikanwa mumwe kuramba tichishanda - pemvura tanera, iyo aifanira kubatanidza Sakhalin uye yakaoma. Kusvikira ikozvino, chirongwa ichi hachina rakatangwa. In Soviet Harbor marairirwo chiteshi 3, asi mutakurwi zvitima kurega imwe nharaunda pedyo. Uyewo, kuti mufambi chitima kuenda kuMadokero yacho, unofanira kutevera kuburikidza Vladivostok, izvo zvinogona Vaizoudzwa turera motokari.

Zvimwe njanji mudunhu

Baikal-Amur Mainline zvinosanganisira akaisa VSZHD chikamu kuSiberia kuti nzira, uye Far East - muna Amur Region uye Khabarovsk Territory. ASB anodzokorora Trans-Siberian njanji, vachimhanya muganhu wokumaodzanyemba kuRussia (zvakafanana - kuburikidza kuSiberia uye Far Eastern nenharaunda).

Zvirongwa Kugadzirwa IRR

The chikuru dambudziko pechiteshi anoramba kuti, pasinei makore anopfuura 15 upenyu basa, zvichiri maturo. Railway Makwara vane vanokwanisa hombe, izvo akaramba iyi nzira, kana kugadziriswa akahusika, asi asati rakatangwa.

Huru kuoma iri chokwadi kuti kusvika huru deposits zvicherwa uye ores vasiri riitike nenzira shoko. Pashure pokupedza kuvakwa, kwakasarudzwa kuramba Zvisinei kuva nhungamiro, kutanga nokuda pokuwa USSR, ipapo nokuda kusagadzikana zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu ari 90 uye nyika zvoupfumi mukuvamba 2000s, vakaronga kakawanda vambomira. Muna 2011, kamwe zvakare nyaya yakamutswa Vladimir Putin. Zvinonzi aronga kuwedzera chitima akurumidze, vanokwanisa uye akatakura chinzvimbo.

General zvechadenga Baikal-Amur Mainline

The Kureba enzira ndiyo 4.300 km zvinganaka inoitwa nzira imwe chete. Railroad kwenzira mbiri kuvakwa chete kubva Taishet kuna Lena uye ane kureba vanenge 700 makiromita.

IRR Construction akanga kuoma mamiriro akaoma ekunze. In dzakawanda polling dzemapurisa vaifanira kuvakwa panyika permafrost, mu kwenyika-asingatani nzvimbo. 11 nemabhiriji zvaishandiswa yakavakwa inoyerera nzizi, pamusoro 30 km kubva mugwagwa ichipfuura tunnels vari padombo. Highlands uyewo yekudyidzana omesa kuvakwa kuchiteshi.