Artistic nzira mumabhuku: mhando uye mienzaniso

Sezvaunoziva, shoko nderei chairema chipi mutauro, uyewo kukosha chezvinonhuwira ake hwokudhirowa nzira. kushandisa mutauro zvikuru anosarudza kuti expressiveness kutaura.

Munguva kweshoko - chinokosha nyika, girazi romunyori maonero uye ukama chaichoicho. The mabhuku acho ine nemadimikira, yakarurama, avo chaiyo chokwadi-dzinonzi zvakazarurwa zvinoyevedza chechinyorwa nemataundi mutauro zvinhu.

Nomumwe maonero enyika yakatipoteredza kunooneka chinyorwa ichi uchibatsirwa dimikira mashoko. Pashure pezvose, iwe - kuchikonzerwa kuzvipira kutaura wacho. jira chaiko iri yakarukwa kubva madimikira, kusika nemafungu uye nokushanda manzwiro mufananidzo basa ounyanzvi. Mumashoko kune mamwe tsika, inokosha manyorero coloring, nokusika nyika mhando kuti isu pavakaziva kuverenga rugwaro.

Kwete chete mumabhuku asiwo nemumuromo, kutaura kwezuva nezuva tinoshandisa pasina kufunga, akasiyana dzokubvisa romubati okuti, kuti ape vamwe manyawi, kunyengerera, mufananidzo. Ngationei zvinoyevedza mano vari mumutauro weRussia.

Kunyanya zvinobatsira kuumba kuratidza kushandisa madimikira, saka Ngatitange navo.

dimikira

Artistic nzira mumabhuku haagoni kufungwa pasina kudoma inokosha vavo - dimikira. Iyi ndiyo imwe nzira kuumba mutauro mufananidzo wenyika pachishandiswa hunotovapo mumutauro tsika.

Mhando achireva ndedzinotevera:

1. Petrified zvaipfekwa, yakaoma kana nhoroondo (uta muchikepe, tsono).
2. Tsumo - nemishonga shaped mubatanidzwa mazwi nhaka manyawi, madimikira, impact ari ndangariro nevakurukuri zhinji, expressivity (akafa Snap rakavharwa denderedzwa, etc ...).
3. A chete dimikira (semuenzaniso, pokugara mwoyo).
4. Zvakaitika (mwoyo - "bhero porcelain China mu yero" - Nikolai Gumilyov).
5. Traditional nhetembo (mangwanani weupenyu, moto rudo).
6. Somunhu mumwe nomumwe-munyori (ano mugwagwa).

Uyezve, Enzaniso inogona kuva panguva zvinofananidzira musimboti, mumwe hyperbola, kupfupikisa, meiosis, litotes nezvimwe nzira.

Shoko "Dimikira" rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rokuti "chinja". Muchiitiko ichi tiri kubata kuchinjwa mazita kubva pasi mumwe. Kuti zvaigoneka, vanofanira hazvo kuva zvimwe zvakafanana, vanofanira kuva yakati chokuita. The dimikira ishoko kana mutsara rinoshandiswa mupfungwa yokufananidzira nokuda zvakafanana. mananara maviri kana zvinhu pane dzimwe nhandare.

Somugumisiro kuchinjwa vakadaro akasikwa mufananidzo. Naizvozvo, dimikira - mumwe dzepamusorosoro achishandisa kutaura romubati, kutaura achidetemba. Zvisinei, pasina gwara izvi hazvirevi kusavapo okuti basa.

Enzaniso inogona kuva nyore kana kuwedzerwa. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, ukavandudzwa kushandiswa muAtlantic munhetembo, uye marwiro nyore kuchinja yekudyidzana.

metonymy

Metonymy - ndiwo mumwe mhando okufananidzira. Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rinoreva "Rename", ipapo kuchinjwa zita rimwe chinhu kune umwe. Metonymy ari kutsiva vamwe mashoko ari hwaro huripo adjacency maviri pfungwa, zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. D. Uyu bindepinde pamusoro zvakananga kukosha Laptop. Somuenzaniso: "ndikadya mbiya mbiri." Nokusanganisa tsika uye kuchinjwa yavo zvinokwanisika nekuti zvinhu pedyo, kuti adjacency angave nguva, muna muchadenga, uye zvichingodaro. D.

synecdoche

Synecdoche - rudzi metonymy. Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rinoreva "kuwirirana." Izvi chinja ukoshi rinei apo, panzvimbo yakakura inonzi usingashandi, kana vakutarisire; pachinzvimbo chikamu - wose, uye vakutarisire. Somuenzaniso: "Maererano Moscow."

epithet

Artistic nzira mumabhuku, mazita zvatakawana ikozvino rinomira, hazvibviri kufungidzira kusina epithet. Nhamba iyi, nzira, fungidzira tsanangudzo wekuti kana shoko munhu, kutanga, chinhu kana chiito kuti kuzviitira nzvimbo nemunyori.

MuchiGiriki, shoko rinoreva "application, chikumbiro", kureva, kwatiri, shoko rimwe mutariri vamwe.

The epithet kungoti tsananguro iri kuzivikanwa kwayo hwokudhirowa okuti.

Constant epithets anoshandiswa ngano senzira achitaipa, uyewo chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti. Munguva yakaoma racho kusvika Makwara ndezvaJehovha chete kwakadaro vavo, vane mashandiro shoko yokufananidzira, kusiyana vanonzi chaiwo epithets varehwa mashoko chaiyo (tsvuku bheri, maruva akanaka). Zvinoumbwa nokushandiswa mashoko mupfungwa yokufananidzira. epithets yakadaro inonzi sedimikira. Metonymic zita anogona kuva hwaro muhwezva ichi.

Oxymoron - rudzi epithet, vanonzi achisiyanisa epithets, pova Rakabatanidzwa pazita pakatarisana navo zvinorehwa nemashoko (vanovenga rudo, mufaro kusuruvara).

kuenzanisa

Tikaenzanisa - nzira umo imwe chinhu kunoratidzwa kuburikidza nomumwe. Ndiyo fananidzo siyana zvinhu zvakafanana papi kuti zvose pachena uye chisingatarisirwi, kure. Kazhinji kunoratidzwa mamwe mashoko. "Wakarurama," "akafanana," "Runako" "se" nevamwe vanogonawo kutora chimiro richishanda mhosva.

kutevedzera

Achitsanangura mifananidzo nzira mumabhuku, zvinokosha kutaura uye kutevedzera. Zviri rudzi dimikira, rinomirira basa pakati zvivako yokurarama zvisikwa vanovengwa zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa. Kazhinji zvinoumbwa nokutaura zvakafanana mananara nakwo vanoziva venyama. Somunhu iri hwakatamisirwa ehupfumi mhuka dzevanhu.

Gudziramukanwa uye litotes

Ona nzira izvi romubati mashoko mumabhuku sezvo hyperbola uye litotes.

Gudziramukanwa (mushanduro - "kupamhidzira") - mumwe achishandisa kutaura kutaura, iri mufananidzo ine ukoshi kupamhidzira zviri pangozi.

Litotes (mushanduro - "nyore") - gudziramukanwa pakatarisana - kunyanya musiyapaduku chii kuitika (Tom Thumb, mumwe murimi mudiki ane nzara).

Kutsvinya, ndyaringo uye kusetsa

Anopfuurira kurondedzera mifananidzo nzira mumabhuku. Isu mukwanisi yedu pasi kutsvinya, ndyaringo uye zvinosetsa.

• Kutsvinya rinoshandurwa kubva mushoko rechiGiriki "Nenguvo nyama." Hazvina chibhende, bhendesera kumhura snide Handimupinduri. Kana uchishandisa kutsvinya pave enyambo chaizvoizvo asi panguva imwe chete pane pachena ane pfungwa uye manzwiro kuongorora.
• Ndyaringo rinoshandurwa se "munhu unyengeri", "kusekwa". It kunoitika apo mashoko akati chimwe chinhu uye raireva chinhu zvakasiyana, zvakasiyana.
• Humor - mumwe lexical achishandisa mashoko, zvinoreva "manzwiro", "nevakwegura, unhu". In enyambo, ndeyokufananidzira kiyi inogona akanyorwa mabasa dzimwe nguva yose iyo pane rurimi-mu-hunhu ukama chinhu. Somuenzaniso, nyaya "Chameleon" A. P. chehova, uye ngano zhinji I. A. Krylova.

Forms romubati nzira mumabhuku regai kugumira ipapo. Achiratidza mufunge zvinotevera.

zvokufananidzira

Chinonyanya kukosha zvinoyevedza dzokubvisa mumabhuku zvinosanganisira uye zvokufananidzira. Shoko "zvokufananidzira" rinoreva "oma", "noshamisa". Izvi chidobi rikava chinoumba kutyora kukura ari mananara, zvinhu, zviitiko, anoratidzwa mune basa. Vakawanda kushandiswa unyanzvi Somuenzaniso, Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Golovlevs", "Nhoroondo Town", mumwe rungano). Izvi unyanzvi chidobi yakavakirwa kuwedzeredza. Zvisinei, kukura kwayo zvikuru kupfuura gudziramukanwa.

Kutsvinya, ndyaringo, zvinosetsa uye zvokufananidzira - yakakurumbira zvinoyevedza nzira mumabhuku. Mienzaniso navatatu vokutanga - nyaya A. P. chehova uye N. N. Gogolya. J. zvokufananidzira okugadzira zvinhu. Swift (semuenzaniso, "Nzendo Gulliver kuti").

Chii chinonzi mifananidzo unyanzvi aishandiswa munyori (Saltykov-Shchedrin) kusika munhu yokufungidzira "Golovlevs" mufananidzo Judhasi? Chokwadi, zvokufananidzira. Ndyaringo uye kutsvinya varipo vari nhetembo pamusoro Mayakovsky. Humor akazadzwa chigadzirwa Zoschenko, Shukshina, Prutkov. Izvi mifananidzo nzira mumabhuku, mienzaniso zvatakandorwira apa, sezvaungaona, zviri chaizvo inowanzoshandiswa nevanyori Russian.

pun

Pun - chirungamutauro, riri zvakawanda nemaune kana involuntary yomuka apo chinoshandiswa akapoteredza maviri kana kupfuura kurehwa kana zvakafanana. inzwi ravo. mhando dzacho - paronomasia, venhema etymologization, zeugma uye Specification.

The puns pun kwakavakirwa homonyms uye zvakawanda. Izvi, pane majee. Izvi nzira rikava mumabhuku kunogona kuwanikwa mabasa Vladimir Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozmy Prutkova, A. P. chehova.

A chirungamutauro - chii?

Shoko "mufananidzo" kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "chitarisiko, chimiro, mufananidzo '. Shoko iri rine zvirevo zvizhinji. Chii zvinoreva izwi sezvo kushandiswa unyanzvi kutaura? Syntactic achishandisa mashoko, kureva nhamba: isina mhinduro unodanidzira, mibvunzo, kurapwa.

Chii chinonzi "muhwezva"?

"Ko iwe unodana ane unyanzvi unyanzvi kuti anoshandisa shoko mupfungwa yokufananidzira?" - You kubvunza. Shoko rokuti "mudungwe munzira" ikashandiswa akasiyana nzira: yacho epithet, fananidzo, metonymy, fananidzo, synecdoche, litotes, gudziramukanwa, vane, uye vamwe. In shanduro shoko "muhwezva" rinoreva "kutendeukira." Kubva zvavo kutaura uri anosiyana kuti anoshandisa tichimhanya chaiyo kuti vashongedze nayo, zvichiita zvikuru kuratidza. nzira dzakasiyana kutaura kureva zvakasiyana-siyana siyana. Chinonyanya kukosha mune pfungwa rwokutaura "kuratidza" kuti unyanzvi - kukwanisa mameseji, basa uri kupa aesthetic uye kurwadza ari muverengi, kuti asike enhetembo mifananidzo uye mifananidzo yakajeka.

Tose kurarama munyika mazwi. Vamwe vavo kukonzera isu nemanzwiro akanaka, vamwe hanya, kutyisa, kutyisa, kana kumutsa wakadzikama hope. Ruzha siyana kubudisa mifananidzo yakasiyana. Kuburikidza mubatanidzwa inogona mupfungwa kukanganisa vanhu. Kuverenga mabasa art Russian mabhuku uye ngano, tinoona kuti kuridza kunyanya chakasimba.

The inokosha nzira rakasikwa chakanaka okuti

• Alliteration - kudzokorora zvakafanana kana fanana nemavara.
• Assonance - Mazvokuda kudzokororwa nzvanyira anopindirana.

Kazhinji, alliteration uye assonance anoshandiswa mabasa panguva iyoyowo. unyanzvi aya chinangwa kumutsa shamwari siyana ari muverengi.

Rubvumo zvukopisi mu nhema

Zvukopis - chinhu mifananidzo unyanzvi ndiko kushandisa zvimwe manzwi yakati kuti kusika mumwe mufananidzo, kuti ndiye, kusarudza mashoko akafanana chaiye-nyika kurira. Kubvuma ichi mumabhuku yakashandiswa zvose nhetembo uye prose.

Zvukopisi mhando:

1. Assonance - rinoshandurwa kubva French rinoreva "maererano". Assonance ndiko kudzokorora dzakafanana kana zvakafanana nzvanyira rinonzwika mundima kuumba mumwe mufananidzo acoustic. Zvinokurudzira kutaura kutaura, rinoshandiswa vadetembi vari mutinhimira, senhetembo nhetembo.
2. Alliteration - kubva pashoko rechiGiriki "tsamba". Nzira iyi ndiyo kudzokororwa emakonzonendi ari unyanzvi chinyorwa kuumba inzwi mufananidzo, kuitira kuti zvimwe upenyu enhetembo.
3. Onomatopoeia - kuchinjwa mashoko chaiwo, zvinoita zvakafananidzirwa mananara kwenyika, auditory nefemero.

Izvi mifananidzo nzira mundima nevakawanda zvikuru, pasina kutaura achidetemba aisazoita kunonakidza.