Megalithic hurongwa: mhando uye nemhando

Pamusoro pemvura yose, kunze Australia, pane dzimba zhinji zvisinganzwisisiki uye kare. Kutsvakurudza Modern kwakaratidza kuti dzakavakwa munyika neolithic, Chalcolithic uye Bronze Age. Kare zvaifungwa kuti vose vanomirira nevakawanda tsika, asi nhasi vasayendisiti vakawanda vari pasi dzidziso iyi kupinda mubvunzo. Saka, ndiani uye nei zvivako izvi megalithic zvakasikwa? Sei havana ichi kana kuti chimiro uye kuti zvinorevei? Apo unogona kuona migwagwa nemagariro yekare?

Chii megaliths?

Tisati takurukura uye kudzidza megalithic zvivako, unofanira kunzwisisa zvinhu varege ine. Nhasi ichaongororwa kuti zviduku chairema vakadaro mazano megalith. Izwi akanga pamutemo kupinzwa mazwi sayenzi muna 1867, pamwe chete pakunamata ane Chirungu nyanzvi A. Herbert. Shoko "megalith" Greek, rinoreva "dombo guru" iri mumutauro wokuRussia.

Namazvo uye dzoga tsanangudzo chinyiko megaliths, haako asi. Nhasi iri izwi iri raireva nezvivakwa yekare akaita amabwe kutigumbura, ndiro kana nyore nemavhinga hukuru siyana pasina kushandisa chero chokuedza kana cementing nziyo uye mhinduro. Nyore chimiro megalithic zvivako, zvinosanganisira chikwata chimwe chete - nayo menhirs.

The chikuru zviri megalithic hurongwa

Panguva dzakasiyana siyana vanhu shongwe huru zvakagadzirwa makuru mabwe, mabhuroko uye Slabs. Temple muna Baalbek uye mapiramidhi yeIjipiti zvakare megaliths, ivo chete dzisingagamuchirwi kunzi kudaro. Saka megalithic hurongwa - siyana mazano vakasikwa siyana mararamiro ekare uye anoumbwa matombo makuru kana Slabs. Zvisinei, zvivako zvose kuti vanoonekwa megaliths, pane vakawanda features, vanobatana:

1. Vose vari yakavakwa namabwe, zvinogumbura uye Slabs hofori kukura, uremu izvo ingabva zvakawanda makumi ezviuru kilos nemazana matani.

2. yekare megalithic hurongwa dzakavakwa kubva dzakasimba uye husingakwanisi kutsemuka matombo: limestones, andesites, basalts, diorites nevamwe.

3. Munguva kuvakwa samende harishandiswi - mungava mhinduro kuti kutara kana kuti anogadzira zvinhu zvinogumbura.

4. Vakawanda zvivako pemvura zvidhinha kubva yavakanga vanoumbwa, nokungwarira kupatsanurwa nemavhinga pachavo kukodzera zvakasimba mumwe. Kururama zvokuti pakati maviri megalithic inoperera dombo kuputika havagoni kuramba banga reza.

5. Kazhinji vasara zvimedu megalithic zvivako akazotevera dzomunyika akashandiswa hwaro pazvivako dzavo, sezvo zvinogona kuonekwa zvivako Temberi Mount muJerusarema.

Ravakasikwa?

Vazhinji megalithic nzvimbo iri UK, Ireland uye dzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero European ndeyemunguva V-IV chemakore BC. e. Iri nharaunda nyika yedu zvikuru megalithic hurongwa ekare ndezvaJehovha IV -II mumireniyamu BC

Mhando megalithic hurongwa

All siyana megalithic hurongwa zvinogona conditionally mapoka mapoka maviri:

• kuvigwa;
• hapana mariro:
• wakachinyiwa;
• dzvene.

Kana kuvigwa megaliths zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakajeka, pano ndiyo kugadzwa umwari zvivako, zvakadai siyana Masvomhu hofori masvingo uye migwagwa, kurwisana uye dzinogarwa neshongwe, vaongorori vanofungidzira. No yakarurama uye yakavimbika mashoko pamusoro sei kushandisa dzekare vanhu matsvene megalithic zvivako: menhirs, cromlechs nevamwe.

Ndezvipi?

The emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo megaliths ndiwo:

• menhirs - kuroorwa, vertically akaisa ibwe-Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda 20 metres yakakwirira;
• dolmen - mumwe mubatanidzwa anoverengeka makurusa menhirs akapoteredza, pova denderedzwagama kana denderedzwa;
• dolmens - vakawanda chimiro megaliths muEurope, unogadza mumwe kana ibwe kupfuura guru Slabs vakaisa rumwe boulders uye boulders;
• Muberere - mumwe akasiyana-siyana dolmenov interconnected;
• trilit - ibwe mamiriro zvinosanganisira maviri kana kupfuura kutwasuka uye akaisa pamusoro pavo yakatambarara, mabwe;
• Ovaka - kuvakwa nematombo muchimiro tsamba Russian "T";
• kiviröykkiö, hunonziwo "kiviröykkiö" kana "rwokuparidza" - pevhu marongerwo kana pasi, akaisa kunze muchimiro cône ane muzvizhinji matombo;
• ibwe misara - wakaiswa vertically uye inofambirana inoperera ibwe;
• seid - dombo ibwe kana mufurati, kana zvimwe anosimbisa vanhu imwe nzvimbo, kazhinji pane imwe yakakwirira, nokuti siyana mitambo chakavanzika.

Ava chete mhando inonyatsozivikanwa dzakawanda megalithic hurongwa. Ngatikurukurei kugara vamwe vavo.

dolmen

Akashandurwa kubva Breton mumutauro wokuRussia rinoreva "tafura ibwe". Kazhinji, inoitwa matombo matatu, rimwe riri pamusoro vaviri vertically akatasva ari "U" tsamba. vanhu vekare pakuvaka zvivako vakadaro havasi vakanamatira kuroorwa zano chero, saka dolmens Variants akatakura yakasiyana mabasa - zvizhinji. Yakakurumbira megalithic hurongwa yakadaro iri muMediterranean uye Atlantic kumiganhu Africa uye Europe, India, dzekuma Scandinavia, kuCaucasus.

Trillo

A subspecies of dolmen, rine matombo matatu, masayendisiti anodavira trilit. Kazhinji, kwakadaro izwi hakusi kushanda kuti aparadzane riri megalithic uye zvivako zviri chikamu yakawanda dzakaoma hurongwa. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe chinozivikanwa megalithic kunzwisisa sezvo Stonehendge chinokosha ine shanu trilitov.

Cairn

Rumwe rudzi megalithic zvakagadzirwa ari kiviröykkiö, kana rwokuparidza. Izvi murwi cône-akaumbwa matombo, kunyange kuIreland pasi zita iri chete kunzwisisa maumbirwo matombo mashanu. Vanogona iri panyika, uye pasi payo. In madenderedzwa nesayenzi pasi kiviröykkiö kazhinji zvinosanganisirei megalithic hurongwa pasi pasi: mazes, namaberere uye kuvigwa makamuri.

menhirs

Dangwe uye iri nyore chimiro megalithic - menhirs. Izvi chete yakatarwa vertically muhombe boulders kana matombo. Kubva zvatinosiita, dzinongoitika boulders menhirs yakasiyana penyika ine zvisaririra yokugadzirisa nayo uye kuti avo wehunyambiri divi nguva dzose kupfuura chinjikira. Vanogona kunge freestanding kana chikamu zvakaoma pamusoro megalithic zvivako.

KuCaucasus, menhirs uye akanga akaumbwa hove inonzi Vishaps. On katsi Peninsula, mune yava France, muCrimea neGungwa Black nharaunda akaramba akanyatsorevesa anthropomorphic magalitov - ibwe zvivezwa.

Postmegaliticheskimi menhirs vari akasikawo zvikuru paya Runic matombo uye ibwe michinjikwa.

cromlech

menhirs Vanoverengeka kuisa mune denderedzwagama kana denderedzwa uye musoro wakafukidzwa namabwe Slabs, akadana cromlechs. The yakakurumbira muenzaniso - Stonehenge. Zvisinei, vamwe pane kumativi, rectangular uye pane cromlechs, dzakadai iri Morbihan kana Khakassia. Pachitsuwa cheMarita, cromlechs zvivako temberi yakavakwa muchimiro "petals". Kusika megalithic zvivako izvi akashandisa dombo kwete chete, asiwo yamatanda, izvo hwakasimbiswa kubudikidza zvakabudiswa vakawana panguva matongo basa Chirungu County pamusoro Norfolk.

"Nhubu mabwe Lapland"

Rakajairika megalithic zvakagadzirwa Russia, chinoshamisa sezvo zvinganzwika - Sejdiu - yakakura boulders, akatasva diki kumira. Dzimwe nguva inokosha mukanyiwa decorates matombo mumwe kana akawanda duku ukapisa murwi ari "chepiramidhi". mhando iyi megaliths kwakapararira kubva pemhenderekedzo Onega uye Ladoga madhamu kumhenderekedzo dzegungwa Barents, kureva vakapoteredza kuchamhembe European chikamu Russia. On ari Kola Peninsula muna yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia kuitika saizi seids kubva wandei makumi masendimita kuna makubhiti matanhatu uye kurema vakawanda makirogiramu matani akawanda, zvichienderana dombo kubva yavakanga vaita. Kuwedzera Russian North, zvikuru yakawanda ine megaliths mhando iyi yakawanikwa taiga kumatunhu Finland, kuchamhembe uye nechepakati Norway, ari Swedish makomo.

Seydy angava kuroorwa, hombe uye uremu, unotora kubva munenge gumi yakawanda zana megalithic.