Archaeological nzvimbo muRussia uye kunze. Mhando matongo sezvivako

Archaeological nzvimbo - chaiyo kuchamuka chinyararire zvapupu zvekare eras. Vanoratidza basa munhu akararama mumazuva iwayo, kana pane yakavakwa yakati nhoroondo chinhu. Masayendisiti Nzvimbo dziri mapoka mapoka zvichienderana chinangwa kuvaka yakanyorerwa.

Mhando matongo sezvivako

Just vanofanira kuita kuchengetedza - the kupatsanura iri zvemasanga. Siyana mabhuku kupatsanura akambochera nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvingasiyana yekudyidzana nepedyo.

• Kwevafi zvivako zvinosanganisira pazvikomo, kuvigwa chikonzero, makuva, cenotaphs, chirangaridzo zvivako uye zvimwe zvivako zvakawanda. Izvi matongo site emarudzi akawanda. Nokudzidza pavo, masayendisiti haagoni kudzorera tsika dzavanhu, nezvavanotenda. Zvinofanira akati kuti pazvikomo vari nzvimbo vanhu kuvigwa - ichi ndicho matongo nzvimbo munharaunda Russia, kunyanya inowanzorimwa uye dondo munzvimbo.
• Mugari monument dzakadai guta rekare, kupaka, mubako, maindasitiri okudhindira, zvimbambaira, migwagwa, mvura hurongwa anoratidza muupenyu hwevanhu uye ndiwo mashoko chinokosha pamusoro mararamiro evanhu imwe zera. Rondedzera panogara vanhu, vakagamuchira somugumisiro kupikidura, dzimwe nguva yakasiyana chaizvo kubva mumwe. Construction yenzvimbo vanhu vaigara zvaitsamira ya ake kugara panzvimbo ino, chikuru basa, kuva imwe vanhu vakaderera, uye zvimwewo zvakawanda.
• Zvivako zvechitendero kupa pfungwa tsika, akaita mutemberi, nzvimbo uye dzimwe nzvimbo kunamatwa munhu. By ndinoreva izvi Zvivako zvinosanganisira ibwe zvivezwa kuripo mumativi ose enyika. Dzimwe nguva vaiva nhengo chokurangaridza kunzwisisa, asi dzimwe nguva, akaita yakazvimirira muchinangwa basa vamwe tsika.
• Chinyakare ndimi muri bako mifananidzo, Graphics, chivezwa. kwemarudzi aya matongo nzvimbo inowanika mumakondinendi ose panyika. vakasiyana chete vari kugutsikana, nzira kuurayiwa. Zvino zvaitsamira nguva pakusikwa vanodhirowa, nzvimbo yomunhu dzokugara, tsika dzayo pakunamata. A pachena chepfungwa Zvivako izvi mhando ndechokuti vari pamusoro pose, uye basa rinokosha chokuita yawanika, hazvina zvakakodzera kuita.
• Cave Zvivako vari munhoroondo rinokosha. Izvi imhaka yokuti munhu kwenguva refu nguva akashandisa bako sezvo ugaro kana pekugara pangozi. Zvadaro chitendero yemichato yaiitwa mavari. Monuments, inowanikwa mumapako, kutakura zvakawanda nezveupenyu yakadzika kare.
• Chaiwo boka Zvivako zvinosanganisira kwemasanga zvakabudiswa, kunotambudza, guta, pfuma uye nezvimwewo zvinhu. Maererano naye, zvakare, unogona kudzorera nhoroondo kare vanhu.

Zvisaririra mabasa evanhu, akararama vevane gumi, mazana ezviuru zvemakore akapfuura, chinangwa dziripo, chinhu zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi. Vamwe matongo nzvimbo idzi aizivikanwa masayendisiti, ruzhinji, havana anoshandiswa murume ano mamwe zvinangwa. Kune dzimwe zvinoratidza vanhu tadzidza. Nezvenyaya iyi, mhando matongo nzvimbo dziri akakamurwa anozivikanwa uye vasingazivikanwi. The mhando rokutanga kudzidza nzvimbo, akadzivirira nomurayiro Hurumende apo riri, uye nokudaro, kusvika pamwero vasaparadzwa. Musi chimiro pazvivako, uko zvechokwadi kurarama yechipiri, vanhu haazivi chinhu, chero zvakavanzwa kwatiri.

Nguva chinyakare murume

Archaeological Site of chinyakare yaitonga zvinoratidza kuti upenyu hwevanhu anongofunga novimba okunze yaairarama. Somuenzaniso, anenge 35-40 zvamakore apfuura, rinokosha hwemazuva European Russia yakanga iri tsamwisa mapazi ari rechando.

The chikuru mhando yebasa evanhu iyi yakanga kuvhima, sezvo ari periglacial mapazi uye kumaodzanyemba kwayo vodilos kuwanda kwemhuka. Vakapa kwete chete mbatya uye zvokudya asiwo pokuvanda. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona zvasara dzimba, pane kutsigira mbiru, nezvigadziko zvivako uye miviri yavo zvakagadzirwa mapfupa mhuka huru. Mammoths, poro, bako shumba, woolly zvipembere nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda Dzave murume yekare.

Paivakwa dzimba zvaaifanira makachengeteka varibatanidze mapfupa chete, nokuti izvi aifanira muzviite makomba uye grooves. Akafukidza hurongwa hwakadaro inodziya mhuka matehwe. Kakawanda dzimba dzakanga dzeraundi chimiro ane conical denga.

Uyewo akawana kuvigwa vanhu - chinokosha matongo nzvimbo yacho chinyakare yaitonga. Zvakabudiswa zvinoratidza kuti ibwe uye mhuka mapfupa akanga chikuru zvinhu izvo kuti maturusi zvombo uye zvishongo murume yekare. With nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze vachinje mu kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uyewo mhando yebasa kwevanhu. Huru dzinogarisana vaiva mafashamo mapani, kumahombekombe nzvimbo reservoirs. Zviri pano kuti masayendisiti tichingotarisira kuwana matongo nzvimbo, izvo kubatsira kuongorora mararamiro prehistoric murume.

Asi kuti mufananidzo wakakwana yemhindumupindu kwevanhu, masayendisiti kudzidza yakawanda dzakaitika zvinhu. Zvakakodzera maitiro Zvakafukunurwa dzekare kakawanda pabasa haagoni kuwana matongo nzvimbo yomumwe akasiyana epochs upenyu hwevanhu. Ndivo zvakawanwa masayendisiti ndiwo chinokosha.

ibwe zera

Archaeological Site pakati Stone Age kutungamirira pakugumisa kuti kuguma iyi, munhu atova ane nzvimbo nzvimbo yakakura uye nzvimbo dzayo dzaiva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika. Resettlement vanhu nokuda okunze nokudziya, ari shure kwezvinhu mazitombo echando. Kuchinjwa nemiti uye fauna of - pane coniferous masango, inogarwa dzakasiyana mhando dzemhuka. A vazhinji zviduku madziva, apo vodilas hove, zvakasimbisa chitange Fisheries. Uye vachivhima mhuka dondo muri kare zvakasiyana chii chaiva mberi. Tools nezvombo zvinowanikwa munzvimbo umo vanhu vararame, kunyange zvazvo chakaitwa amabwe, asi aiva nezvimiro yakawanda akakwana uye nzira yokurapa mashoko.

Archaeological nzvimbo of Stone Age vanotaurawo kuti chokwadi kuti vanhu pane kutanga tsika yechitendero, munhu wacho hwemashiripiti. Kuchinja magariro nemararamiro. Archaeological nzvimbo yacho Stone Age Russian akawana anenge munyika. Chinonyanya akadzidza Zvivako inowanikwa yava Kaliningrad, Moscow, Kaluga uye Tver kumatunhu, kuti Ussuri nharaunda uye dzimwe nzvimbo.

Things kuita kare

Nokuti zvivanakire vaongorori uye kutanga zvimwe kuitira zvinoenderana nechipimo iyi yebasa ose matongo Zvivako kwenyika zvinonyorwa akapinda mune chaiyo pasi. Indekisi segwapa anowana kuva mumwe panguva. Uyezve, kutaura mashoko mhando matongo nzvimbo, rinovarondedzera ane mazita huru zvakawanikwa. The mwero kuparadzwa panguva vasabatwa nhau chinhu. For masayendisiti, zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kutaridzwa chaiyo nzvimbo yacho shongwe yacho.

In maindex izvi uchawana mashoko kuruzhinji kuunganidza uye Mumamiziyamu ari pasi pose zvinochengeterwa zvinhu pana matongo nzvimbo. Chero munhu anofarira ane mukana vazive pachavo vane mazita mabhuku, iyo inopa kupfuura kwakakwana uye yakarurama rondedzero matongo nzvimbo, nhoroondo kuwanikwa kwayo, kufambira mberi mabasa chokuita kupikidura. Rinogona kuva chaiko, zvakachengetedzwa uye matsime yesayenzi.

Yakanakisisa kuwedzera pamazita Directories vari matongo mepu kuti, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kubvumira kuti aone nzvimbo Panyika vachiri kudzidza zvishoma dzakaitika.

Guides kune matongo nzvimbo kuripo munyika imwe neimwe. Archeological Zvivako pamusoro munharaunda Russia iri zvinosanganisirwawo chaiyo list, iyo rakapepetwa sezvo mashoko matsva inopiwa nemasayendisiti.

Russian matongo sezvivako

Archaeological anowana munharaunda Russia havasi zvechienzi. Vazhinji vavo vane kukosha yose, kumanikidza masayendisiti kuchinja maonero weboka pakukura uye kuvapo kwenzanga siyana.

Somuenzaniso, muna Khakassia, ari pamupata White Iyusa, tsvene yekare yakavhurwa muna 1982. The kuchengetwa Chimiro wakafanana nowenyika ari Observatory. Aongorora zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo vakasvika pakugumisa kuti munguva iri Bronze Age vanhu vaigara yava kuSiberia, vakakwanisa kushandisa karenda uye kunoshamisa kururama nguva.

Kunyange zvakawanda zvinoshamisa kuwanikwa muna Achinsk muruwa. Rutanda nemapoka dzenzou zvinenge zvakazara muenzaniso yaingowanikwa kwete zvishoma pane zviuru 18 makore. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti nyaya iyi zvakare rudzi womudenga-zuva karenda. Izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo chinotokurudzira zvikuru yekare pundutso kupfuura Sumerian, muEgipita, chiHindu, Persian, Chinese.

In okumusoro kunosvika of Yenisei, Altai, anozivikanwa pakati vematongo kuKurgan Arzhan. The dzinonakidza ndechokuti nemitemo yayo kuvakwa uye urongwa akafanana nevaya iro kuvigwa hurongwa dzakavakwa kumwewo uye pane dzimwe nguva.
On muganhu Central Asia, kumaodzanyemba zvikamu kweSiberia, kuCaucasus, dzasara kudiridzwa mugadziriro, migwagwa, nzvimbo kuvanatsa yakawanikwa nevanochera muCrimea.
Russian matongo Zvivako iri yose mamiriro. Siberia, East ari Far uye European kwenyika, kuti Urals, kuCaucasus, Altai - kumatunhu apo nedzimwe nhoroondo anowana pazvakawanikwa. In akawanda munzvimbo idzi, zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo nhasi.

Mundima Urals yekare

Archaeological nzvimbo pakati Urals rakanga rakakurumbira zvechokwadi. Kuvapo remaguta ekare munzvimbo idzi, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti munhu emakore mashoma apfuura. Asi chete muna 1987, pakaitwa chirongwa rakavakirirwa kugarwa Arkaim yakawanikwa. It riri muna Southern Urals, pakati rokumusoro ndima penzizi Tobol uye Ural.

The rwendo akagadzwa nokuda yekuronga kuvaka munzvimbo idzi gungwa guru. vanochera matongo kukupfura zvaisanganisira masayendisiti maviri, mumwe vadzidzi vashoma. Hapana utungamiri uye nhengo rwendo ndisina pfungwa ingangovapo kuvapo nedzimwe nhoroondo Monument iri inowanzorimwa dziri Ural nharaunda. The maitiro siyana kuzorodzwa vave kuonekwa netsaona.

Around guta rekare, masayendisiti vakawana mamwe 21 kugarwa yekare, izvo zvinoratidza kuvapo mhando remaguta munyika. Uyezve, kuwanikwa ichi chinoratidza kamwe zvakare kuti matongo nzvimbo yacho Urals zvechokwadi rakasiyana.

Munzvimbo idzi, masayendisiti akawana kugarwa nevanhu vaigara pano 8-9 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura. Chimwe zvakabudiswa, vakawana zvasara zvipfuwo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kunyange kana munhu akanga achiparidza kurimwa yavo.

The chete kubvisa ndechokuti Zvakafukunurwa rwaiitwa asina hanya, zvaipesana mitemo kazhinji kugamuchirwa uye nemirayiro. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chikamu yekare ugari vaparadzwa. Mafungiro akadaro kune kare zvinogona vanokodzera kuva mhosva. Kudzivirirwa matongo nzvimbo yaifanira panguva mamiriro pamwero.

History Arkaima zvakabudiswa vakanga mberi. By Dam kuvakwa zano nharaunda yose, apo pane nhoroondo Monument, zvakanga kuenda pasi pemvura. Zvisinei, nemhaka kuitwa dzimwe nhengo paruzhinji uye masayendisiti rakasiyana chinhu aigona kudzivirira.

Muna 1992, nharaunda yose, hwaakange Arch, akaenda Ilmen State Reserve, achiva davi rawo. To musi, taiita kudzidza shongwe zvakakwana. It rakashandiswa chinangwa ichi kwete chete nzira kupikidura, asiwo dzimwe zvesayenzi ano kudzidza zvinhu.

At nzvimbo imwe mapurani Monument vawana zvasara vanhu nemhuka. It chakazivikanwa kuti bhiza rakanga kushandiswa kare senzira kufamba kwevanhu. Takabatwa joko, maturusi kushandiswa kwayo kugadzirwa.

Zvehari zvokuyamura uye zviumbwa - rimwezve uchapupu zvinoratidza kuvandudza kukura rwokugadzira. Arrowheads, mativi maturusi simbi anopupurira chete.

Chinonyanya kushamisa munhu ano angaita kuti pombi dzinotakura tsvina uye mvura chakawanikwa dzavarwi.

Samara vake kare kure

Archaeological nzvimbo of Samara nharaunda outsinye dzaisiyana mune mhando uye zvokushandisa imwe panguva. Izvi imhaka yokuti nharaunda Samara ano yaigarwa nevanhu mumwe makore 100 zviuru akapfuura. Man akakwezva yakanaka dzinongoitika ezvinhu kuti vari kuri muna inowanzorimwa uye masango-inowanzorimwa wongoramba.

Nhasi, masayendisiti vanoziva anenge zviuru zviviri zvivako yekare, dzakanga yakawanikwa munzvimbo. Vamwe vavo zvichiripo nhasi, apo vamwe akanyangarika nemhaka yokukanganisa kwavo zvoga kana somugumisiro mabasa evanhu. Kune zvivako zvakawanda, kuvapo rinozikamwa, asi matongo basa ravo pakudzidza harisati atanga. Uyezve, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti kupikidura kuti shongwe achaita pakupedzisira kutungamirira kukuparadzwa kwayo. Izvi zvakare nguva mabasa uye pashure pokupedza kwavo, kana zvivako vekare kupesvedzera kune kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, kuti agadzirise zviri kudiwa kupikidura inofanira nepakati uye vaiona.
Archaeological nzvimbo of Samara nharaunda zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzevanhu namagariro nemisha, yekare iyo dzakavakwa nevanhu dzinouya. Mines, zvimbambaira apo zvicherwa vakanga zvikaramba kuti pagadzirwe zvishandiso nemauto dzokurwa, ndivo zvakare mabhuku zvinokosha mashoko nezvebhizimisi mabasa madzitateguru edu.
Kuvigwa pazvikomo uye beskurgannye - mhando mbiri akasiyana matongo nzvimbo. Ndivo inowanikwawo akawanda pamusoro munharaunda Samara. Nokuda zvakabudiswa zviri makuva, akadzorerwa mufananidzo womumwe murume akararama pano, akaratidza maonero ake, kuongorora padanho kukura tsika uye nounyanzvi. Masayendisiti kunyange vakakwanisa kumisa chavanopinda vanhu imwe nyika.

Vapfumi Nhoroondo kare Kazakhstan

Archaeological nzvimbo pamusoro Kazakhstan ndeyakewo makazara mashoko pamusoro Resettlement vanhu munyika. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti kare kwakanga kusina Zvivako zvakanyorwa anogona kunzi rinenge chete uchapupu kare.

Imwe yakakurumbira mumakuva zvivako - Besshatyr murwi - iri munharaunda Kazakhstan ano. The kuvakwa chinokushamisa rayo pamwero - zvinosanganisira 31 kuvigwa. ari dhayamita ukuru kupfuura chiri 104 metres, uye kukwirira - 17 mamita. Zvivako kwakadaro iripo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.

Saks madzinza

Vanhu vari rokumabvazuva bazi muSitiya madzinza anongofamba uye Semi-anongofamba, akadana pamwe - Saks. Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC, ivo navanhu ino ndima Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia, kumahombekombe eGungwa Aral.

Archaeological nzvimbo Saks akavhura kuzvibereko nzira yavo youpenyu, kukura tsika chechetere uye tsika. Pazvikomo vari dzichiitika kunyanya mumunda yechando kupaka madzinza. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo kuti Saks ari kunyanya kukosheswa.
Kucherwa kuitwa akasiyana nzvimbo dzavanhu, akatungamirira pakugumisa kuti huru kwoupfumi mabasa Saka vanhu anongofamba, Semi-anongofamba uye ndakagara mombe. Madzinza akatunhidzwa gwai, ngamera, mabhiza. Maererano zvinhu vakawana mukufamba Zvakafukunurwa, zvaiva kunyange kukwanisa kuziva izvo mhuka akatunhidzwa erudzi Saks.

Uyezve, vakawana kuti vanhu kuva madzinza, yakapatsanurwa muzvikamu - vaprista, varwi uye vanhuwo zvavo. Pakati pavarwi iye akasarudzwa mambo, uyo aiva mutongi marudzi kuti tibatane mibatanidzwa.

Pakati rinonyatsooneka nesayenzi Saka matongo site - akadai Issyk kuvigwa, Uigarak, Tegisken. Besshatyr uye Chiliktinskaya pazvikomo anozivikanwa kure kunze Kazakhstan, Russia, uye Kishi nyika.

Munguva kupikidura ari murwi Issyk zvisaririra dzevanhu akawanikwa, uyo ari peguva raiva akapfuma zvokushandisa, uye mhuri dzakawanda nezvimwewo. Pakati pavo, masayendisiti kuverengwa zvuru zvina zvendarama. Kunenge, rinoti chepamusoro murume akazorora, uye kuti vanhu vanotenda kuvapo noupenyu munyikadzimu.

Kudzivirirwa matongo nzvimbo

Masayendisiti uye voruzhinji inofananidza dzimwe nyika yave nemakore akawanda achiyambirawo pamusoro zvisiri pamutemo pokushanya zvinoratidza uye konzera chinokosha kukuvara. Nokuda vanoshingaira basa vanhu ava pasi matongo nzvimbo, izvo kazhinji pachena kukuparadzwa.
Izvi zvenhoroondo ipfungwa vari Krasnodar uye Primorsky Krai, Perm, Karachay-Cherkessia, Astrakhan uye Penza nharaunda, Kislovodsk nevamwe kumatunhu Russia zhinji. Just ichi anosuruvarisa ndaza aripo kumativi makumi matanhatu pazvivako, vane dambudziko zvikurukuru kunotsamira utungamiriri nyika, uye kubva nyore vayo.