Mutinhimira mu zvipenyu - imwe mutinhimira chinhu ...

Mutinhimira mu zvipenyu - chinhu chinofadza zvikuru chinoshamisa. Nhasi masayendisiti akawanda mubasa tsvakurudzo pamusoro chiitiko ichi. Mutinhimira mu zvipenyu - chinhu zvakasikwa muitiro kuti chokuita zvose zvipenyu. In muchaona nokuverenga nyaya ino.

Nheyo kubatana nhengo uye zvakatipoteredza mumwe zviga nesayenzi yemazuva ano. All zvipenyu, uyewo supraorganismal ezvinhu, nekurangarira kuti kubatana pamwe zvakatipoteredza yavanogara, vane mutinhimira yose zvayo kwendangariro. Anokosha rawo pasi nenguva dzirikure mutinhimira kuti dzinoratidza mhinduro mutinhimira zvose zvakasikwa yose (kusanganisira geophysical, muchadenga), uyewo zvisikwa.

PY Sokolov, Russian nyanzvi, anoti zvose mhuka uye chirimwa upenyu, uye pamwechete nayo, uye vanhu vanogara uye nokusingaperi kuona migumisiro rwomuviri nyika uye inoita mutinhimira pulsing anwa kurohwa mwoyo wenyika.

Ndezvipi biorhythms?

Ngatikurukurei pfungwa mubereko kwatiri. Biological mutinhimira vane nguva nenguva kuchinja yokudzokorora. muna chimiro uye kusimba zvoutachiona mananara uye muitiro. Izvi pezvakaitwa batch mangé vane akasiyana -siyana frequencies. Zvinowanikwa nechimwe kwevari sangano zvipenyu enyika. The biosystem kuoma, saka ine nhamba huru biorhythms. Vari wakaiswa pa majini chechetere. Mutinhimira mu zvipenyu - kutanga izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kwadzakabva uye zvakasikwa vakasarudzwa zvipenyu.

Kuvapo Its imhaka yaunonyanya kushandisa kuti nokukanganisika kwendangariro. Sezvo muviri mhenyu iri hierarchical Hurongwa, inoda kuva pakati nepakati nokushanda kwenhengo dzaro subsystems siyana uye nguva mumatunhu kwete chete panguva asiwo zvipenyu nzvimbo.

Munyaya ino uchadzidza zvose kuti mutinhimira mu zvipenyu. Kuratidzwa, zvivako, uye mienzaniso zvinokurukurwa pazasi.

Chronobiology: chidzoke uye kukura

Sayenzi kuti vanodzidza zvipenyu mutinhimira, anonzi chronobiology. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kubva kare kuti petals uye mashizha emiti, zvichienderana nenguva zuva rokuita mamwe masangano. Karl Linney shure muna 1745 akazogadzira "ruva wachi" (yaifananidzira pazasi) kuziva nguva kuti inotsikwa dzivharwe nemaruva.

Muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechi19, kudzidza Ritmos circadianos muvanhu pakutanga inoitwa, akadai muviri tembiricha, kakawanda weti uye kwemwoyo. Sapamazuva physiology mabhuku ino nguva anowanikwa zvinoratidza kuvapo mutinhimira mashandiro kuti vari endogenous, kureva zvaitika mumuviri. Muna 1936 zvakanzi pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa endogenous Ritmos circadianos zvinomera uye maruva. Nokuti chinangwa ichi chero zvekunze simba pamusoro pavo vakanga vasingagoni.

Zvimwe Zvinhu Zvikuru kukura sayenzi chronobiology - hwomukova dzidziso neshiri uye nyuchi akatizira nezuva, nokusimbisa ariko womunhu nomuviri endogenous Ritmos circadianos. A kufarira zvemidzimu yakapiwa sayenzi iyi sezvo zvokutsvakurudza nzvimbo. Sapakutanga, chikuru kufarira masayendisiti kudzidza chaivo mutinhimira kudzidza gore negore, making uye diurnal mutinhimira.

Circadianos uye vasiri adaptive

Govera kutevera kupatsanura kwavo maererano nesungano pakati zvakatipoteredza uye nhengo.

1. Circadianos adaptive (biorhythm) - ichi oscillation nguva kuti vari pedyo kutsoropodza geophysical zvinogara. basa ravo kuti kuchinja zvinenge zvakasiyana zvachinjwa ezvakatipoteredza zvinoitika nguva nenguva. maitikiro ravo akatsiga.
2. Vasiri mutinhimira (kushanda) - vibrations anoratidza basa vasiri mugadziriro imwe nhengo. maitikiro yavo dzinosiyana zvikuru uye kunoenderana ezvinhu muviri.

Circadianos ose exogenous uye endogenous

The mutinhimira zvakasikwa chitarisiko akakamurwa exogenous uye endogenous. Exogenous - maitiro muviri kuti dzezvakatipoteredza kuchinja. Endogenous simuka somugumisiro pezvakaitwa kuzvipira yokudzora dzinoratidzwa kunonoka dzinovaka. Vari pasi panguva imwe chete kwezvakatipoteredza nemigumisiro zvingavhiringidza kwavo amplitude uye danho kusuduruka biorhythms.

Circadianos of kwevari sangano biosystem uye maitikiro

Circadianos vanoitwa vakakamurwa pamwero sangano imwe biosystem. Ivo vanokamurwa kupinda biosphere, vanogara, Muviri, nhengo uye chitokisi.

Maererano maitikiro kwavo vari:

• yakakwirira maitikiro mutinhimira (kubva chikamu munhu wechipiri kwemaminitsi 30);
• svikiro (kubva maminitsi 30 kusvika maawa 28);
• mezoritmami (kubvira 28 maawa kusvika 7 days);
• makroritmami (kubvira pamazuva 20 kusvika gore rimwe);
• megaritmami (periodicity - makore gumi).

Nature biorhythms

A muviri mupenyu, maererano inonyanya ndeyokuti rakazvimirira oscillatory Hurongwa, dzinoratidzwa akaita mutinhimira nechomukati zvakabatana. Zvinogara muviri (muviri uye catabolism) ari mumasero kuramba kuitika. Izvi zvivako-siyana nokukanganisika siyana - kwetunhu uye cleavage nevamiririri. In masero Somugumisiro, maererano metabolic zvinogara akaramba kuchinja kuitika kuwanda chepfu zvakasiyana siyana (metabolic zvigadzirwa, makemikari uye chizvaro kuchinjirwa RNA, etc.) Nechekuita nokukanganisika siyana. Parameters Biosystems womukati kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa nokuita kuti kuramba oscillation, wakabva Zvichakadaro tsika.

In zvipenyu, zviri sensors kuti kuona hunhu uye mwero metabolic urongwa, ndivo hormone allosteric modulators kutsigira rhythmicity mu zvipenyu. Izvi havana ndichifunda kuongorora mamiriro muviri. Uye kunoita kuti tirambe nguva dzose (homeostasis) womukati kwezvakatipoteredza -. Ph, tembiricha, osmotic kumanikidzwa, Kuwanda zvinhu etc. zvigadziriswe vakawanda munyaya kwerunyararo homeostasis. Dzinovakwa zvikurukuru panheyo dzinovaka. Somuenzaniso, imwe nekumwisa shuga muropa anotanga kuchengeta mashandiro iyi zvinhu (muchimiro glycogen). Mukupesana, kuishaya kunotungamirira vawedzere glycogen kuparara.

The mhedziso izvi zvinogona kuitwa inotevera. In zvipenyu, hapana zvichiitika chinoramba. Zvinofanira hako Alternate oppositely rinotungamirirwa pamwe: .. A basa zororo, kufema mweya, kwetunhu kukamurwa Wake akarara ezvinhu, etc. wevapenyu muviri, saka, haagoni kuva kunofambira mberi. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa izwi akadai mutinhimira. Pakusarudza kana pfuma iyi ane muviri mhenyu inogona kugadzirwa kunyange nyore rucherechedzo. Ungacherechedza kuti vamwe (chaizvoizvo zvose) vayo simba uye vasiri parameters nguva dzose pachinzvimbo kuita nokufamba zvose amplitude uye kakawanda hama kuti avhareji tsika.

nokufamba kwakadaro uye biorhythms. Achibatsirwa zvipenyu izvi zvinopa kwayo thermodynamic kutsiga mamiriro. To zvinobudirira zvinoenderana zvakatipoteredza, ndicho mutinhimira kubva cyclical kuchinja. Tsanangudzo Fani iyi, isu yataurwa kwokutanga munyaya ino.

The zvemukati wachi

External timer hakudikanwi kuti synchronize negadziriro rurefu mwero conjugation zvose subsystems dzayo. Kukura muviri chokuziva Chirongwa arayira mashandiro pamusoro nguva zvinonzi dzakachinjwa, kuubvumira kuchinja zvenyama Profile kwezvakatipoteredza. Muviri uyu anokwanisa "kufanotaura" nguva zuva. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kwakabatana pachine siyana effectors, izvo zvinosanganisirwa mhinduro pakarepo. Somuenzaniso, muviri tembiricha, uye zviri corticosteroids mu yeplasma chaiye hope kutanga refu asati ayo kuvhara kumukazve. Naizvozvo, chisinga- rinowanzoberekera chiedza pamberi Anovhura.

Heano mamwe mienzaniso mutinhimira. Utachiona avo chete kurarama mubishi dzinongoitika selection, iro anokwanisa kwete kubata mu dzomusango dzakasiyana-siyana kuchinja, asi chinja arohwa nechitarisiko vibrations ayo mutinhimira muchina. Somuenzaniso, mhuka chinjana mutinhimira ose takamuka uye hope, saka kuti zvinobatsira kuti pave akanaka ezvinhu kuti kugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Zvakasikwa, dzokubereka nadzo (iyi wembereko uye kushaya mbereko) riri dzakashandisa zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu vari kupfuura Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kukura vana. Shiri dzakawanda dzinobhururuka rwezasi kuwa. Uyu ndiwo mumwe muenzaniso sei kuratidza mutinhimira. Biology anoziva zvimwe mienzaniso yakawanda. Saka, dzinorara kwenguva refu dzimwe mhuka. Inovabatsira vararame, pasinei nokuti kwokunze ezvinhu kwezvakatipoteredza akanyanyisa.

biorhythms daily

Ritmos rhythmicity mu zvipenyu - chii? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri. By daily (Ritmos) biorhythms zvinosanganisira akadaro mananara uye kushandura hunhu uye kusimba zvipenyu urongwa, iyo kudzokororwa kakawanda ndiyo 24 ± 4 maawa. Vazhinji vasiri uye nokukanganisika dzinotsanagura muviri, kufamba, budiriro, kukura, riri pasi mutinhimira izvi, izvo zvinokonzerwa Ritmos (daily) tinakidzwe ari kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Iyewo, chokuita kutenderera pamusoro akabatana panyika. Mienzaniso pezvakaitwa dzakadaro: zvazvingava metabolic, nokufamba mukati tembiricha muviri, kakawanda foni weboka. Nokuti vose zvavo dzinoratidzwa mutinhimira nezuva.

Biology - sayenzi kuti kudzidza kwete chete nemhuka asiwo zvinomera. The yokupedzisira, zvikurukuru, kuonekwa usiku anosiya mutinhimira Zvinonzi richikwidibira uye dzivharwe nemaruva. Masikati vari amuudza. Circadianos zvabatwa kunyange kana pasina chiedza chezuva. Izvi hwakasimbiswa nokuongorora ake SE Shnol, Russian biophysicist. Akataura somuenzaniso meya nebhinzi. mashizha vakasimuka vakawira mangwanani uye manheru, kunyange kana chirimwa ari mukamuri rima. Zvakaita sokuti nguva uye dzimwe vasiri wachi kuti vanokurondedzera.

Plants yemanyorero Tsanangura ya pazuva kuchinja kubva chimiro chimwe kana kuchinja ruvara phytochrome chezuva unhu (ayo spectral sezvamunoita). Somuenzaniso, zuva pakuvira kwezuva rakatsvuka nokuti chiedza dzvuku rine wakarebesa wavelength uye duku pane yebhuruu, akapararira. Madekwana kana zuva mwenje yakawanda tsvuku uye michini nemwaranzi. Izvi ndinoona muti, vachiratidza daily mutinhimira.

Biology - sayenzi, iyo zvevakomana akawana ruzivo kuchengeta mhuka dzakasiyana. Zvakaonekwa zvikurukuru kuti interleaving kuzorora uye nebasa mhuka (masikati nousiku) Rinorondedzerawo kune Ritmos circadianos. Kwavari zvinokosha kutsunga nguva haisi mhedziso asi hama. Vanofanira kuziva apo zuva richabuda uye ugare sezvo masikati zvisikwa Foraging kuti kushandisa chiedza masikati nousiku - kwasviba.

Heuno muenzaniso - kutarira zuva mutinhimira kurambira Atlantic pamhenderekedzo fiddler magakanje. It anoshandura ruvara rwaro, vachiratidza daily mutinhimira. Biology - imwe sainzi kuti, kufanana nevamwe, kuti azive mapatani. Nokuti gakanje Kuchinja ruvara yaro? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Gakanje mangwanani, zvakawanda chiedza, asi kana zuva robuda kumusoro mudenga, izvozvo rinokwidibira. Kutamba unodzivirira basa, ruvara inodzivirira huchikwezva gakanje kubva zuva rinopisa. Kana ichi chiri pasi kumiswa, ipapo zvinobatsira kuva rima ruvara pajecha pedyo nemhenderekedzo kuzviona. Uye kune uchitsvaka zvokudya atumira gakanje.

Daily mutinhimira muvanhu

Around 300 pamusoro vasiri mashandiro kuti vane Ritmos circadianos kuchengetwa ari mumuviri womunhu. uremu muviri, yakavakirwa Ritmos munhu kwava maximal dzimwe maawa 18-19, respiratoria - maawa 13-16, mwoyo mwero - maawa 15-16, ropa pamwero erythrocytes - 11-12 maawa leukocytes - 21 -23 maawa uye t. d.

Mental pezvakaitwa vari nokukurumidza uye seiyi manheru mangwanani. Kuti mutinhimira chepfungwa uye vasiri kushanda, akavapindurawo, sei takamuka uye hope panofamba, zororo uye basa. Tungamirirwa zvinhu zvakawanda panguva takamuka kunyatsoshanda munyonga parameters: padanho chido, zvokudya yaunodya, mukuru ezvinhu akadai unhu, etc ...

Shoko rokuti "desynchronosis" anoratidza Kuvhiringidza mune imwe zvipenyu ino nguva achirayira mutinhimira. Kudzidza zvigadziriswe ayo kwakakosha musangano basa uye navamwe mudonzvo, pakuita siyana matanho zvainanga kudzivirira utano. Desinhroz zvikurukuru kuchengetwa vanhu vakaita refu daro Flights (muna 4-5 nguva dzinodengenyeka), rakanyorwa kuchinja nokushanda kwadzinoita zuva usiku, uye muchadenga kunoongorora zviri basa nzvimbo kutiza.

making biorhythms

Tsirkalunarnye (making) biorhythms - mutinhimira vane nguva ndiyo avhareji mazuva 29,53. mutinhimira izvi muna zvipenyu dzinoenderana womudenga-mwedzi inaye, kureva ichitanga mwedzi maitikiro.

geophysical pezvakaitwa zhinji sei kakawanda vachishandisa kutenderera mwedzi rwakapoteredza nyika. Somuenzaniso, kuchinja jekeso usiku, tembiricha, mhepo nevezera, remagineti Nyika, mhepo negwara. Zvose izvi zvakavapo nokuda tsirkalunarnyh mutinhimira ndevenguva dzapiwa.

Marine zvinenge zvinowanikwa unoyevedza mienzaniso sei mutinhimira izvi kukanganisa upenyu kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, zvomumvura Makonye Palolo kugara nekorari kumboongororwa, muna October uye November, okupedzisira mazuva gumi womudenga kutenderera, uye panguva imwe chete pane imwe nguva zuva, mvura anoparadzanisa kupinda shure kwayo, izvo vakazadzwa zvigadzirwa dzokubereka nadzo. Zvakafanira kuti kuberekana.

Lunar zvinogara uye kubereka insemination nguva kungava kwete chete synodic (sezvo muzvirevo muenzaniso). Panewo sigisic panguva penguva mazuva 14.7. Somuenzaniso, imwe mhando hove yakawanikwa pamahombekombe muGulf of California, rejenaguru uye kwomwedzi (ari mukuru kumiswa) mazai pamahombekombe. Inokudziridza mukati memazuva 14 pamhenderekedzo uye mumvura akawa inotevera vavimbezve.

Moonlight, sezvo isu kare ambotaurwa, anoita kusiyana okuvhenekesa usiku. Izvi zvinoita kuti basa mhuka, iyo inotungamirira manheru kana usiku mararamiro kuchinja. Kunyange kana isu haabatanidzi kubatsira moonlight murabhoritari, kakawanda tsirkalunarnyh pezvakaitwa anodzokororwa. Zvingava nokuda zvimwe zvinhu chokuita womudenga kutenderera. Somuenzaniso, zviri nokufamba ari remagineti yedu.

The womudenga kutenderera zvakare kunokanganisa kukura zvinomera. Izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa nomuenzaniso radish zvibereko nokufamba, mbatatisi uye bhinzi. Kwenguva refu, hwemwedzi makarenda inoshandiswa kubatsira kuona Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nguva mabasa okurima uye nokusima.

biorhythms pagore

Circannual (wepagore) biorhythms mu zvipenyu vane oscillation nguva iri 1 gore ± 2 months. Vari chokuita vachishandisa kutenderera Sun kunhivi redu.

mutinhimira aya kuchengetwa zvinenge zvose, kubva dzinopisa kusvika polar mapazi. Kuwanda kwavo anovaka sezvo Latitude inowedzerawo. Mutinhimira ongororo akabvumira vaongorori kuti kugumisa kuti zvinenge vaigara polar uye vakadzikama mapazi, umo vakawanda kuoneka pamwaka kusiyana, zviri kunyatsooneka. Annual hwaro biorhythms vanoumba, chokutanga, adaptive siyana kuitika papiwa vachinje inokosha kwezvakatipoteredza parameters (mvura muoti, quantitative uye Qualitative Zvinoumba zvokudya, tembiricha).

Chechipiri, ndiyo mhinduro yemuviri kune zviratidzo zvinoratidza zvakatipoteredza (somuenzaniso, kuchinja mumusimba we geomagnetic field, photoperiod, kuonekwa kwevamwe makemikari zvinhu). Iko kune gore negore biorhythms, somuenzaniso, muzviitiko zvekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, kuenda kune dzimwe nyika, mazhizha uye mazhizha ekuchando, kuberekera vana, nezvimwewo.

Kune mhuka dzakawanda, hibernation inobatsira kupona nguva isina kunaka. Zvinoshamisa kuti mhuka dzinoona nguva yacho. Kutakura, somuenzaniso, nguva dzose inopindira mumunda wayo masikati makuru echando. Uye anorara shure kweiyo kusvika munaEpril, kusvikira kutonhora kuri 12 ° C (iyo ndiyo mwedzi 5.5). Panguva ino, iripo nekuda kwemafuta akawanikwa kubva pakuwa. Nhengo yake inenge chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu zvehutatu hwemhuka. Icho kutonhora kwemuviri webheya munguva yekurota kunopera neanenge 10 ° C, nguva zhinji yekufema kwayo inoderedza katatu. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwehupenyu hwakawedzerwa munguva inotonhora. Uyu ndiwo rwiyo rwemuviri webere. Kana rwiyo rwuvhuniwa, uye chikara hachiregi mugomba nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana kamwe kamwe chimuka pakati pechando, chava kuda kuparadzwa. Tsvimbo ichakurira yakawanda yemaronda, ayo ari kukura nokukurumidza muhupenyu husina simba, iyo inotambura nenzara.

Saka, mienzaniso yakawanda yezvinyorwa yakaratidzwa munyaya ino. Vanosimbisa kuti ichi chinhu chakasikwa munyika yose yemhuka. Biorhythms, zvakare, ndiyo inokonzera kuti kune hupenyu huripo. Pfungwa ye rhythmicity inowanikwa kumativi ose ekusongedzwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Iyo inoshandura kuchinja muviri kuti uve nani zviri nani mumamiriro ezvinhu.

Coefficient

Saka, tafunga rwiyo mu biology, chii ichocho, iwe zvino unoziva. Zvisinei, pfungwa yekufarira kwatiri inowanikwa kwete mune iyi sayenzi. Kunyanya, vezvehupfumi vakagumisa kuti inowanikwa zvakare mumakambani ekugadzira. Vakaita izvi izvi, vakazarura pfungwa ye "coefficient of rhythm". Anogara achiita kubatana. Sezvo mutemo, chiyero che rhythmic chinotsanangurwa kwezuva, gumi, mwedzi, nezvimwe. Nezvo, munhu anogona kuratidza, kunyanya, chiyero chekushandiswa kwekushanda nguva mukugadzira. Izvo zvakakwirira muyero we rhythm, kunyanya kukwidziridzwa kwacho kunopisa, uye mari yezvigadzirwa (kunyanya kushanda nguva) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.