Antonov An-2 nokurondedzerwa, injini, kabhini, kumhanya, pikicha uye mutengo

muchina uyu aiva zvakawanda vavengi mukuvamba pashure pehondo makore. An-2 ndege sokuti yechinyakare kunyange zvino, panguva avhiyesheni matunhu masimba akanga yavo pfungwa sei kutarisira yazvino. Biplane ne "kurerutsa" mhino uye kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo sokuti mumwe kakasaririra of pre-hondo kare, akayeuchidza mumwe plywood U-2, uye kuti iye pakarepo "aina" kutuka remadunhu- "corncob" (the Vanongogara kudzidzisa ndege duku provoevavshy inorema makore mana zvose pamberi). Ndiani aiziva kuti ndege iyi dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki kupfuura ayo vatsoropodzi, uye kwenguva yakareba ...

Antonovskaya pfungwa

Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov mubasa kukura mhepo zvifambiso. nyaya iyi vasvika kwaari pamusoro musimboti chokudzingwa. Attack ndege, Ndege uye vanodzima munguva yehondo zvakanga hanya vagadziri aiva nepfuma ruzivo mukusika rechiuto midziyo, vaiva nheyo yevagari avhiyesheni rezinesi PS-84 (ainziwo Li-2, mapepa uye kugadzirwa midziyo vakanga yakatengwa muUnited States vari thirties). Antonov, jaya (pfuurei 30), vaiita kuenda neherikoputa gliders siyana chinzvimbo. A gore pamberi hondo, iye akafunga zvikabva ndege AN-2. Magadzirirwo regai vaunze mubereko zvakanaka, uye shoma-nokukurumidza biplane akazviratidza malovmestitelnym. Oleg Antonov akadzokera magadzirirwe kumhara raanoziva, asi musakanganwa pamusoro pfungwa dzavo.

Implementation

Muna 1945 hurumende yeSoviet vakaziva progressiveness agroobrabotki vakatakura aerosredstvami. Pollination uye kugadzira mishonga kushandisa ndege vachidhakwa iri US, uye vose michina yemhando yepamusoro muna post-hondo chakaparadzwa kudiwa, pane dambudziko chikafu munyika. Uyezve, imwe duku ndege inokwanisa akatakura gumi vanhu kana nhumbi tani kana vaviri rwaidiwa, uye tsamba, uye vanenge sectors ose upfumi, kunyanya kushandira kumaruwa. Zvinodiwa muchina zvitsva akagadzira mune mashoko bhuku: zvinofanira kubvisa kubva kugadzirira nzvimbo, kuti kukwanisa kushanda navanopinda okunze siyana. Maintenance haafaniri zvinoda chaiyo rwokugadzira. Uye, chokwadi, panofanira kuva akavimbika uye nyore kushanda. izvi zvose zvinodiwa zvizere zvinoenderana AN-2, kopi okutanga akabvisa kubva Novosibirsk bvunzo munda muna 1947. Pfungwa Makore manomwe akapfuura raiswa.

Ravakwa USSR

Kwemakore mashanu, nendege yakaitwa muna zviduku (kweinenge USSR) zhinji, vashoma zana zvidimbu. Shure "baba marudzi" rufu N. S. Hruschev, uyo akatungamirira bato uye nyika yave yakatanga kuwedzera goho kuti muchina uyu. An-2 ndege zvinoenderana pfungwa ndicho kushanda mishonga uye kukura zvokurima, pamberi wakaiswa chinzvimbo basa kuti "kubata kwokubata" zvenyika chikuru aikwikwidza of USSR - United States. Production pechingoro akatanga Kiev avhiyesheni chirimwa nhamba 437. Agriculture-zvakananga okunatsiridza kuna indekisi "M" yakavakwa Dolgoprudny. Chakashamisa O. K. Antonova, mubhazi vava chinangwa chikuru panenge pakati An-2. Technical zvechadenga ndege haina kutarisirwa nyaradzo muchitiza uye zvinhu "buffeting" nokuda pasi "kumusoro", pane kumutadzisa. The mukati riri vakagadzirira zviri nyore munzira, tinoisa mumativi panzvimbo yakamanikana zvigaro. kukurumbira kwakadaro rake rezvisikwa vakawanda mugadziri yakataura tartly zvakakwana, vachimutuka "gaba anogona nemapapiro." Zvisinei, mufananidzo An-2 ne Aeroflotovskie "mapapiro", ivo skis pedyo chukchi yurts, tikafunga mafuro gomo, kana kungoti pamusoro zvokurima munda, kazhinji vaisangana muSoviet wokudhinda makore iwayo. The tikiti mutengo aiva nomwero, dzimwe nguva kwemakore rubles matatu yaigona kubhururuka kuti pedyo wedunhu centre, nyaradzo uye anokudzwa undemanding, asi vanhu vakataura "Annushka" inodziya chaizvo.

Maid mu ...

Kusvikira 1963 An-2 akanga chete ndege Soviet. Muna 1958 zvinyorwa yawo kugadzirwa mukati mugovanisi dzakawanda pamwe akapa Poland, munhu Soviet fekitari kusunungurwa zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga hupere. Polish kambani PZL-Mielec akaisa "pamusoro bapiro" Dzava 12 zviuru biplanes, izvo kazhinji yakatengwa Soviet Union (kupfuura 10,000). Terms makurukuriro kuti "kumusha historiallinen" vakanga akafanotaurawo zvakajeka, uye mano asara akashandiswa mugovanisi munyika uye dzimwe dziri nyika, apo aikoshesa ichi ndege yakasiyana.

Antonov Design Bureau michina zvaizivikanwa mu China. Pane massively kubereka AN-24 pamusoro rezinesi (akagamuchira indekisi Y-7) uye An-2 (Y-5). The uwandu zvinoberekwa munyika, "Annushka" zviitiko vakapfuura zviuru gumi nezvisere, 2012 vavo vari yakanaka hwokugadzira ezvinhu uchagarireiko 2300 zvidimbu. An-2 ndege maererano Guinness Book Wenyika - akapona-chinyorwa wokuisira, yakabereka pamusoro emakore anopfuura matanhatu.

Zvinoita sokuti pane "Annushka"

vezvikepe dzose chiitiko piloting munhu biplane (sezvineiwo, chikuru), cherechedza "volatility" ayo akasiyana. The guru hama pamusoro nharaunda akatakura anenge anobvisa ichi chisingafadzi chakajairika se "svalivaemost". Aine headwind kusvika 50 km / h An-2 kungava zvinhu "vanonyatsoteerera panzvimbo", uchigara pamusoro yakamisirwa pfungwa dzenyika. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukwanisa kuronga iri nzira dzikava kure kana malfunctioning injini. Simple, asi chaizvo zvakanaka akagadzira akamedura, zvakafanana nezvaishandiswa mune nemarori, kuderedza vachamhanyira pashure kumhara, uye zvinodiwa kuti runway pane zvinodiwa chaizvo. An-2 Cab nyaradzo chaiyo yakasiyana, asi zvisinei vakasununguka, vezvikepe maviri hadzisi rakada gwanza. Glazing ane maberere kuitira kuvandudza maonero.

mamwe mikana

The chassis haisi kucheneswa, izvo, chokwadi, pamwe aerodynamic nemaonero, zvakaipa, asi akakwana tichitaura rakavimbika. Pneumatic Pombi anogona, pasina kubuda mberi, pane yakavakwa muna compressor. Kuwedzera kwakajairika mavhiri ari kugara kuda vakatasva skis kuti kushanda munguva yechando kana arctic ezvinhu kana chinokosha floats chakatodzana magwa, kayaks, nemhaka iyo ndege anotendeukira hydroplane.

Akapfeka mudziyo vakazvimiririra, pasina refueling, akapa chinotsva pombi, vaikwanisa kupomba sehuni kubva emiti yakananga kupinda matangi.

Kushanda An-2

STRUCTURAL uye operative nyore kwakadaro akaita ndege iyi hunokosha muzviitiko zvakawanda. Raishandiswa senzira kubhururuka rabhoritari, mhepo amburenzi, mapapiro moto rori. Akanga popularity An-2 aero AND netsvimbo hombe, vazhinji Vamhanyi parachutists akaita kusvetuka wavo wekutanga, akabuda pachena pamukova mumwe biplane. shanduro rave vakasikirwa ekunze ushori Ongororo ane mamwe kabhini pamberi chinjikira empennage. Kana zvakakodzera, ndege inogona kuchinjwa kuva Ultra-chiedza kurwisa ndege, muchimuturika Nursi uye mabhomba. Iye Chokwadi, vachava pasi-nokukurumidza, asi zvakarurama ichapa corners.

zvinoitwa

Flight uye chokupika muchina uyu wakadaro kuti kure mune dzimwe nguva, hapana yokutsiva ndege AN-2. Technical zvechadenga uye nhasi zviri zvikuru zvakanaka vekirasi motokari chiedza. Yasimuka Weight -. Matani 5,5 ane payload pamusoro 1.5 matani nzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kuti zvinhu zvishoma kukwirira 1,8 m, 1,6 mamita paupamhi, 4.1 M zvigaro refu Normal -. 12. Nokuti yasimuka zvakakwana zvakohwewa ikanyanya 235 metres refu, uye nokuda nokusima - 10 mamita zvishoma. Ceiling - 4200, asi kazhinji rwakabvisa kubhururuka panguva yakaderera altitudes. The cruising havukavu AN-2 ndiyo 180 km / h, kufadza rinosvika 235 km / h (zvizere mutoro). The muchina inogona kubhururuka asiri rurege kwerinenge chiuru makiromita.

matambudziko ano

Munhu, kunyange akabudirira zvikuru muenzaniso zvigadzirwa, akava isashanda pamusoro nguva. No Kusara uye AN-2. Features Zvakanaka, asi munguva yedu nguva zvinoda simba chirimwa yachinja. Panguva apo munhuwo gazvoda mari kupfuura peturu, ayo kuparadzwa kumboita basa nemagazini. Izvi zviri kuitika mberi kwenguva refu, asi kuwedzera mutengo epetroleum zvigadzirwa kwakaita hwokufungazve.

Engine Antonov-2 carburetor, tysyachesilny, hwakavimbika chaizvo, asi kunoda chaiwo ... Peturu, ndege, zvinodhura. Uye kuparadzwa kwaro zvakare yakawanda. Mune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya Canada neUnited States iri mhando ndege hakubvumidzwi. Zvisinei, vateresi uye pane anoda kuwana An-2. Mutengo rubles uye pamusoro hafu yemiriyoni haangaiti kumisa vaya vanoda kuwana mufaro chaiwo kubva piloting "mazambiringa ndege."

vechidiki Second AN-2

CB O. K. Antonova aiva mumwe wokutanga yokugadza turbine injini sikuruu chokufambisa uye mutakurwi ndege. Zvazvakanakira zvakawanda: chinotsva - reparafini, mukuru kuvimbika, kubudirira, ruzha rutapudzo. Munguva vamakumi mashanu, hofisi magadzirirwo yave aida kuita shanduro An-2, akashongedzerwa aine turboprop (Turbo-hwindimiri injini), asi utungamiriri avhiyesheni indasitiri kuedza akasarudza kutumira iri panzvimbo yokutanga zvaMambo svikiro hwokusanyara zvikepe, chinangwa yokutsiva Il-14 Li-2, uyo akashanda panguva iyoyo zvose emunharaunda pakutengeserana. Mukuwedzera, wakakodzera kukura injini raiva isiri nguva. Asi mukupera 70 injini nyanzvi kubva Omsk akavaka HPT-20, zvakakodzera "Annushka". Muna 1990 aida AN-3, pamwe giraidha rinenge chose kudzora "nhaka" by AN-2, asi ane zvakasiyana powerplant. In akatevedzana, haana kuenda, kudziviswa matambudziko emari. Chirongwa vakatangazve 1997, achiwedzera ano avionics. The vaizotibata kupfuura nzvimbo mazuvaano "Annushek" vaiona "remotoring" ndege kuramba kanenge nehafu-lifespan.

Works mune mirayiridzo iyi vari pasi nzira muUkraine, ndipo rinoshandiswa injini MS-14 "Motor sich". Pane imwe nzira (Novosibirsk) mazuvaano yaiva yakakurumbira biplane, kunosanganisira kugadzwa munhu ano American Honeywell kuti injini. nadzurudzo iyi ainzi AN-2ms.

Muzviitiko zvose izvi, kugadzwa turbine anogadziriswa chinetso ruzha, kunyanya mafuta zvinodyiwa uye kunovimbisa Kurambwa ari "100" muchiso kuti peturu zvinodhura. Mune zvimwe zvose, kuti AN-2 - motokari kukuru. Pane chikonzero kufunga kuti zvichava upenyu hurefu mudenga pamusoro mumasango, minda uye maguta.