Su-47 "Berkut": mapikicha, zvivako. Sei pedyo basa racho?

Ndege kuvakwa, kunyanya muchiuto bhora, tagara akabhadhara pfungwa - kureba kumuganhu chinhu chikuru, asi nekuti hapana revarwi ndege chero nzira. Kunyange mumakore 90 nemauto rino vakakwanisa kurarama. Zvichida mumwe anoyeuka rworukundo pakuonekwa C-37, izvo gare gare yakatanga kupinda Su-47 "Berkut". The mugumisiro wayo chitarisiko zvave tisaone, pamwe mabikirwo itsva kwakaita incredible kufarira kwete nyika yedu asi kunze. Nei izvi zvichiitika?

Basic ruzivo papurogiramu

Chokwadi kuti ndege haina kutorwa pose ngwariro nokuda mberi-yakatsvairwa mapapiro. Mufaro zvokuti kukurukurwa chirongwa Pak Fa kune zviitiko kunyange vanhasi havana kusvika. Nyanzvi All vakafanotaura inonakidza itsva kukura ramangwana uye vakashamisika apo tichasimbiswawo Su-47 ari muchiuto "Berkut". Sei akapfiga chirongwa pasi kana zvakanga zvose zvakadaro zvinoshamisa? On ichi, uyewo zvinokosha kuti kukura ndege iyi nhasi uye tozotaura.

"Top chakavanzika" chinhu

Zvinozivikanwa kuti wokutanga kumumvuri akatora kumatenga pedyo Moscow pakupera September 1997. Asi iko ivepo chakazivikanwa ipapa. Nechekare mukupera 1994, dzokuMadokero nhau akanyora kakawanda kuti Russia iri kugadzira zvimwe zvakavanzika ndege. Kunyange akataura zita rinoratidza - the C-32. Kazhinji, kunenge kuti chakavanzika nokuti ariko ndege yambokurukurwa isu, nokuti vezvenhau uye kumadokero inoti ari neizvi kutsvaira akanyora pachena.

Domestic chete vemauto vanoda zvemichina vakagamuchira simbiso ruzivo urwu kusvikira pakupera 1996. In mudzimba periodicals mufananidzo akazviratidza, pakarepo hwakonzera mibvunzo. Yakanga ndege mbiri: mumwe wavo ari nyore kuti kufembera Su-27, asi motokari yechipiri haana chinhu zvakafanana. Chekutanga, zvakanga zvakakwana dema, kuti nekuda zvipfuwo Air Force haisi zvakare kwese, uye chepiri vakanga yakatsvairwa mapapiro. Pashure mumwe vaviri kwemwedzi (uye ichi hazvishamisi) mune imwe vatorwa vezvenhau vane kumbonyanya zvakawanda zano iri ndege itsva. Kana munhu asina kufunga raiva Su-47 "Berkut".

Kazhinji, mumwe mari pachivande kuti vachengete zvose zvakafanana vakakundikana: zvikazooneka gare gare kuti chirongwa mabasa zvakatangwa muna 80 wacho. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union akazviratidza pachena achazoburuka zvinenge mashoko zvose izvi mhando, "kamwe kamwe." Zvisinei, kuti, hazvishamisi.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Mukupera 70s vose vekambani iri USSR Air Force anoyeuka ndege nzira kwemakore anouya. Nechekare muna 1981, akatanga purogiramu yacho, chinangwa ndiko kutanga "murwi itsva '90s." Magadzirirwo hofisi huru yakatarwa Mikoyan. Asi utungamiriri Sukhoi chirongwa vakatadza vabvume vakuru kuti aivapo Su-27 ndicho anoyevedza hwaro mazuvaano, saka vanofanira kukudziridza huripo muchina pane "reinvent vhiri".

Just nenguva CEO pamusoro CB akava MP Simonov, uyo asi akasarudza kusiya urongwa modernize nokupa chokusika chinhu here chitsva. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nokuti vagadziri vainyatsoda kuedza zvinoverengeka pfungwa dzinonakidza, pasina ngozi "pisa" pamusoro vakatadza chirongwa: kana kukundikana kunogona kunzi vose hutsva. Zvisinei, kunyange panguva pakanga pasina mubvunzo kuti zviitiko izvi zvichava anokosha zvikuru chero zvazvingava, kanenge kubva musayenzi uye ouinjiniya nevanobva.

Nei unosarudza "zvakaipa" bapiro?

Saka, nei kupayona Su-47 "Berkut" aiva bapiro forwardswept? Zvichienzaniswa kwakajairika mazano, yakanga wandei zvinokosha zvinobatsira:

• aerodynamics Excellent, kunyange panguva yakaderera aimhanya, mukana uyu anogona kuoneka.
• Murovedzi buoyancy, kudarika vaya chaiwo mazano kwemapapiro.
• Kuvandudzwa mukugadzirisa unhu panguva yasimuka uye kumhara.
• Sezvineiwo kashoma kuenda "mapofu" tailspin.
• Beautiful kunangiswa - sezvo mutoro inobereka zvemamiriro bapiro danho muswe, nechepakati mupanda asunungurwa nzvimbo zvikuru kuti ndaisagona urongwa zvombo.

STRUCTURAL matambudziko

All of kumusoro hunonzi zvinogoneka kusika murwi zvechokwadi akakwana. Asi kana zvakanga zvakanaka, hondo nyika vaizova refu kubva vachabhururukira pamusoro ndege kwakadaro. Chokwadi tine kugadzirisa zvakaoma kugadzira nematambudziko mukusika michina izvi:

• The kwakavharwa nenyama siyana pamusoro bapiro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zviri nyore vakamonyanisa zvimwe aimhanya. Fani iyi, nenzira, tinosangana uye muNazi Germany, kwaiva kuedza kuumba zvakafanana ndege. The inonzwisisika Kuzvipedza kwaiva kuwedzera Rigidity kuti vaifanira.
• Mavara zvakawedzera kurema ndege. Kana Bapiro anowanika zvinhu rikawira apo rinorema kwazvo.
• Kuwedzera mumbure coefficient. The dzakananga configuration pamusoro bapiro kunotungamirira kuwedzera kurwisa nzvimbo zvose nemigumisiro yayo.
• Zvakasimba nekambani aerodynamic pfungwa, izvo anenge hakubvisi Chinyorwa piloting mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda, zvachose vanoda "akangwara" zvemagetsi kudzikamisa.

Designers akanga yakawanda ziya kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi, zvokuti Su-47 "Berkut" aigona anowanzoita kubhururuka.

Huru rwokugadzira dambudziko

Zvokuti nokukurumidza kuona huru rwokugadzira mhinduro. Kuti awane zvaaida zvakaoma, asi izvi hazviiti wakaremedza nemamiriro, bapiro vakasarudza kuti vaifanira zvinoita kushandiswa kabhoni faibha. Pazvinokwanisika, isu waive chero simbi. Asi ipapo Zvakazoitika kuti zvose anogadzirwa USSR injini ndege vasingagoni kupa inodiwa huru, uye naizvozvo chirongwa iri kwenguva seiyi.

C-37, wokutanga preimage

Pano creators of Su-47 (S-37) "Berkut" vabatwa dzakaoma. Pfungwa, chirongwa kazhinji vaizoshayawo nokuda kukura nezvinetso zvemari, asi akapindira Navy utungamiri, izvo aida kuti ari ndege inotakura anotsanangura murwi maonero. At pakutanga 90s, vaongorori akadzokera musoro bapiro iri kuseri kutsvaira, kushandisa zvose zvinowanikwa panguva kushandiswa. Kutaura zvazviri, izvozvo akabva azviratidza "Berkut" Su-47 chirongwa.

Nebudiriro vagadziri uye mainjiniya

Rinonyatsooneka budiriro pakati vagadziri vanogona zvakachengeteka zvokufungidzira kuti kusikwa nedzimwe mabikirwo mukugadzira refu zvikamu kunzwisisa zvinoumba zvinhu. Uyezve, akakwanisa kuita here yakakwirira nemazvo mu dhoku yavo. Chakarebesa chikamu ndege Su-47 "Berkut", pikicha izvo unogona kuona munyaya ino vari sere metres kureba. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vaduku mashoko, vose pamwe chemhando yakarurama chokuita mumwe, zvinoshamisa kwakaderedza nhamba akakiya uye riveted majoini. Iyi yakanaka chaizvo zvazvinoita zvose pamusoro Rigidity uye aerodynamics rose ndege.

Misa purojekiti ndege kusvika 20 matani, uye kwete asingasviki 14% aiva chinoumbwa dzakaoma. Nokuti kunonyanyisa anoitwa mashoko kuedza kutora serially yabereka michina. Saka, Lantern, chassis vemamwe STRUCTURAL zvinhu sanganisika atamira Su-47 "Berkut" zvakanaka kubva vakakundikana "tateguru" ake - SU-27.

By pamberi pamucheto bapiro yakatenuka iri 20 °, rwemberi rusvingo mutengo uri 37 °. The mudzi chikamu chinokosha kuiparadza, vachibvumira kuderedza kuti zvuva coefficient kwaitwa. Zvinenge zvose bapiro pamucheto anotora kumusoro Mechanisation rose. All yokugadzirwa kwayo - kuramba chinoumbwa, uye chete 10% chikawira pamusoro simbi inoisa akawedzera kuzadzisa zvinodiwa simba uye kuomarara.

utariri

Zvakananga kumativi dzedenga yaunodya ane zvose-kutamira chinjikira muswe, iro rine trapezoidal chimiro. Gungano muswe riri kuitwa musi yakatsvairwa marongerwo. Vertical muswe zvakafanana zvikuru kuti vose zvakafanana Su-27, asi nzvimbo yacho yose zviri yakakura. Izvi zvakabatsira nokuita kuchinja marongerwo: kwaiva kushanda zvakanyanya, uye saka hukuru vakawa.

The-Chikamu muchinjikwa ari fuselage pedyo denderedzwa kunze cabinet kwazvo "ukananzva" uye se zvakanaka sezvinobvira. Uta hwevanhu zviduku kuchinja zvinenge zvachose akakweretwa kubva Su-27. On kana divi nzvimbo yemutekenyi wakaiswa nyore, unregulated mhepo intakes. At pamusoro fuselage iripo, asi mutyairi anokwanisa kudzora nzvimbo yavo, iyo vakaungana pasi zvikuru anofambisa, yasimuka kana kumhara. Sezvaunogona kuona photo, pamativi ose mokugezera of Su-47 "Berkut", hunhu yatiri kukurukura, pane nodules diki mukati iro radar kana zvimwe zvinoshandiswa anogona kuiswa.

simba chirimwa

Sezvo pasina zvakawanda haana yakakodzera, injini zvakaiswa mundege muenzaniso turbofan D-30F11. Ivo, Sezvineiwo, rinoshandiswa third-31. Veda motokari iyi pachena kukwana, asi rakanga vaifungidzira kuti mune ramangwana achakwanisa vava mukuru-torque uye mari womuenzaniso. Zvisinei, kunyange panguva yasimuka uremu 25.5 matani zvinoitwa Motors izvi vaipfuura zvinogamuchirika. At yakakwirira kukwira ndege nokukurumidza yakasvika 2,2 zviuru km / h panguva wegungwa, nhamba iyi yakanga 1.5 zviuru. Km / h. The kunonyanyisa Range - 3,3 zviuru makiromita, "sirin'i" kukwirira - 18 makiromita.

Equipment uye chombo

Nezvikonzero pachena, chairo chikamu onboard midziyo anozivikanwa chaizvo shoma. Unogona yakakodzera vanofungidzira kuti chikamu chacho hwakatamisirwa Su-27. Rwendo Hurongwa kushandisa chokuwana-chaizvoizvo nguva Data kubva satellites zvechiuto. Zvinozivikanwa kuti ndege chigaro ejection wakaiswa wokuenzanisira K-36DM, uye hwakasiyana yekudyidzana kubva kwese kugadzirwa yokutevedzera. Chokwadi kuti musana wake riri 30 ° kune chinjikira.

Izvi zvakaitwa kuti vezvikepe nyore kufamba huru zadzisa kwakaitika munguva zvikuru achifambisa pa yokunyanyisa aimhanya. Maererano iripo data, dzimwe chidhiraivho anotorwa zvakananga nevamwe varwi omunharaunda, uye sezvo ari "anyatsoronga" kakawanda kushandiswa Su-27.

Sezvo ndege yaiva chete experimental, haana kutakura zvombo musimboti (kana ruzivo nezvazvo muchivande). Asi bapiro kuruboshwe mutsika zvakajeka nzvimbo inooneka pasi otomatiki kanoni (pane uchapupu hwokuti ari kumumvuri yawo yose chete yakatarwa), uye iri pakati Hull ane yakafarikana mupanda bhomba chombo. Masayendisiti uye muchiuto nenzwi rimwe vanoti chirongwa chinodzingirirwa chete kuedzwe zvinobhururuka unhu michina mhando iyi, asi pamusana zvombo rakasiyana haina muchikepe Su-47 "Berkut". Sei dzima chirongwa, izvo kare zvakaratidza kuti aizobudirira zvikuru?

Nokuda chii basa yakavharwa?

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti yezviri kuidzwa kumumvuri ichi kusvikira pakati pemakore 2000s. Basa yakavharwa nokuti akanga pakutanga aronga kuti mutyairi. zvinhu zvose kuti ave vaunganidza kuita mabasa aya zvechokwadi anokosha. chikanganiso Global ndiko kufunga kuti zvakanga wechishanu-chizvarwa anorwisa. Su-47 "Berkut" - kumumvuri wake chete, asi zvikuru. Saka, isu munotoziva kuti nechepakati bhomba Bay zviri zvachose kufanana kuti iri ichangobva Pak Fa. Zvirokwazvo okupedzisira akazviratidzawo asina netsaona ... Only muchiuto munoziva chete nhamba unyanzvi pfungwa pamwechete ndege richashandiswa mune ramangwana. Unogona chete kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuchava yakawanda.

hwemangwana

Pasinei yokungotaura kuvhara chirongwa, muenzaniso waJehovha Su-47 "Berkut" achiri kunokonzera nenharo nharo pamusoro mudzimba uye vatorwa pfuma: nyanzvi nharo kuti pane tarisiro hworudzi urwu michina. Zviuru nguva zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira kuti unyanzvi ichi vakanga zvakurukurwa. Uye kwakanga kuchiri hapana tabvumirana zviri kumirira ndege zvakafanana mune ramangwana; kana kuti apedze yokukanganwa, kana kuchinjwa BBC World vose kwenzira yakafanana. Vakawanda vanobvuma kuti huru chipingamupinyi rakadaro yose kuchinja shamisa kukosha zvinhu uye michina inoshandiswa pakasikwa "Berkut".

Yose zvayo, basa racho anogona kunzi akabudirira. Kunyange zvazvo Su-47 "Berkut" uye raiva mugadzi (kunyange hauzivi) achangobuda varwi, pamwe dambudziko "chena mbeva", iye dzakakunda sowakajeka. Saka, pamusoro payo paiva kumhanya-yakawanda zviitiko itsva, zvose izvo zvichiri Classified. Zvichida, kukura zvinhu uye kuderedza mari muitiro rakasikwa zvimwe Polymers yakaoma, hatizombofungiri kuona ichi ndege akanaka mudenga, chaizvoizvo nowenyika nenyasha shiri inodya nyama.