Alloying zvinhu. The simba alloying zvinhu pamusoro zvivako hwendarira uye alloys

vanoshingaira Kushandisa simbi zvinogona kuonekwa kuvaka, indasitiri uye dzimwe nzvimbo kurima. Uyezve, imwe simbi zvichienderana munda kushandiswa haareururi siyana hwokugadzira uye woshanda zvivako. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa doping pezvakaitwa. Muzvigadzirwa yokuisa nayo pangoro billet anowana unhu hutsva kana kunatsiridza huripo zvinhu. Izvi akwanise ne basa okunze, alloying ehupfumi anokonzera zvemakemikari uye dzinotsanagura Kuchinja simbi mamiriro chaiko.

Huru alloying zvinhu

Big asi zvakawanda kukosha doping pezvakaitwa ndiyo kabhoni. Kudivi rimwe, wevasungwa yaro simbi nemamiriro sezvakarayirwa 1,2% kunobatsira kuwedzera simba, noukukutu uye kuchitonhora brittleness pamwero, uye kuno rumwe - payo kunoderedza chafariz conductivity uye arambe achirema mashoko. Asi kunyange izvi hazvina kukosha. Kungofanana zvinhu zvose chiwanikwa, zvakanyorwa akawedzera mukuita chirongwa kubudiswa pasi simba zvaiitwa tembiricha. Zvisinei, kwete tsvina yose uye basa zvinoriumba zvabatwa marongerwo pashure pokupedza kuvhiyiwa. Just kabhoni ugare simbi uye zvichienderana pamusoro aida zvechadenga kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa michina kutongwa simbi achinatsa kana kuramba ayo ano unhu. Ndiko, vanogona siyana padanho kabhoni doping pedyo chaizvo kushanda.

Uyewo ari mazita chikuru pezvokuvamba doping anogona kuitwa nesilicon uye manganese. First nezvevanakomana kubaya mamiriro mune risingamboshandisi chikamu (kwete kupfuura 0,4%) uye shoma rokuchinja yekupindurwa workpiece haina hunhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, chikamu ichi chiri manganese uye kunokosha somunhu deoxidizing mumiririri uye bhainda. ehupfumi izvi zvinokonzera mujinga alloying zvinhu kuvimbika mamiriro, iyo ichiri nedanho doping runoita manzwisisire vamwe Organic kare vanoshingaira okunze uye netsvina.

Auxiliary alloying zvinhu

In boka iri zvinhu zvakadai zvinosanganisira titanium, molybdenum, Boron, vanadium, etc. Mumiriri akakurumbira kwazvo vang uyu molybdenum, iro rinowanzoshandiswa Chrome simbi. Kunyanya, achibatsirwa simbi inowedzera hardenability, uyewo kuderedzwa pachikumbaridzo hladolomkosti. Yaibatsira pakuvaka steels, uye kushandisa molybdenum zvinoriumba. Ichi zvinobudirira chiwanikwa okunze ari simbi, izvo zvinopa simba uye kunofambira mberi simba nesimbi, apo kubvisa njodzi yomunyika oxidation. Kana titanium, rinoshandiswa Kazhinji uye mumwe chete basa - vachikuya zviyo chivako mu chromium-manganese alloys. Vanosarudzwa zvinogona kutaurwa sezvo calcium kutungamirira. Kushandiswa nokuda simbi blanks, izvo panguva iyoyo pasi achicheka kushandiswa.

Kupatsanura alloying zvinhu

Kuwedzera zvikuru zvimiso weboka alloying zvinhu pamusoro huru uye ebetsero, anoshandawo kune vamwe, zvikuru dzakananga zviratidzo kusiyana. Somuenzaniso, musi hurongwa kwaitwa pamusoro hunhu alloys uye simbi zvinhu vakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

• Kwadzinoita paumbwe carbides.
• With polymorphic transformations.
• Nokuumbwa intermetallic yeimwe.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mumwe nomumwe nyaya matatu mugumisiro alloying zvinhu pamusoro ehupfumi pakati intermetallic yeimwe ndeyakewo novimba dzimwe tsvina. Somuenzaniso, mutengo angava wevasungwa zvakafanana kabhoni kana simbi. Panewo kupatsanura pakati zvinhu kare polymorphic kushanduka yezvakaita matambudziko. Kunyanya, akamira zvinhu kuti kubvumira kuvapo yakapambadzirwa ferrite muna chiwanikwa, uye analogues dzavo, Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri Kudzikamiswa kusimudzira austenite kugutsikana pasinei tembiricha.

Mugumisiro alloying pamusoro alloys uye steels

Pane dzakawanda nzira iyo Qualitative unhu simbi zvinogona kunatsiridzwa. Chokutanga unhu panyama kuti kuona hwokugadzira upfumi zvinhu. Doping muchikamu ichi anogona kuwedzera simba, ductility, noukukutu uye hardenability. Chimwe Mugumisiro vatungamirire alloying zvinhu ndiyo kuvandudza mechidziro ehupfumi. Panyaya iyi, ndiko kupa kwechirwere nemishonga, tsvuku zvakaoma, kupisa kuzvidzivirira uye yakakwirira chikumbaridzo kuparadzwa kungatikanganisa. Nokuti vamwe mafomu nesimbi vakagadzirira uye kupiwa electrochemical zvivako. Panyaya iyi, iyo alloying zvinhu anogona kushandiswa kuwedzera magetsi uye chafariz conductivity, oxidation nemishonga, uye saka magnitopronitsaemosti. D.

Zvinoumba simba anokuvadza admixtures

Typical dzinomiririra inokuvadza tsvina ndivo phosphorus nesarufa. Panyaya phosphorus, zviri inopiwa ne simbi mukomboni aigona wezvamatongerwe kusimba tsanga kuchiripo pashure alloying. Somugumisiro, Pamusana chiwanikwa anorasikirwa ayo yakakwirira mwero arambe achirema akangwara brittleness. Zvisinei, mukomboni pamwe kabhoni uye anopa zvakanaka mhinduro kuvandudzwa Chip kuparadzana rikurumidze. Unhu uhwu hwezvekukurukurirana machine pezvakaitwa. Sarufa, akavapindurawo, iri kunyange fuma nengozi. Kana nezvaizoitwa alloying zvinhu zviri simbi seboka rinotarisirwa kuvandudza zvinhu kuti kuramba Kufurirwa nevamwe, ichi hakubvisi admixture seboka. Somuenzaniso, ayo mukuru wevasungwa marongerwo kunotungamirira vawedzere attrition kuzvidzivirira achidzikisa simbi kuneta uye kuderedza ngura nemishonga.

achiita doping Technology

Yemanyorero ari doping rinoitwa pasi simbi kugadzirwa uye ari mutariri kana kutanga yakaumbwa guru zvimwe zvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Somugumisiro nokupisa kurapwa marongerwo pane makemikari mumuviri dzinotsanagura yeimwe zvikuru zvinhu uye deformation. Saka alloying masangano kubvumira kuti kuvandudza simbi zvigadzirwa.

mhedziso

Doping muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa kuchinja zvechadenga simbi. Kuoma naro kunyanya kunoratidzwa kusarudzwa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kutanga Quick kuzadzisa zvinodiwa ehupfumi wakaiswa preform. Sezvambotaurwa, nezvaizoitwa alloying zvinhu siyana uye zvakawanda. Mumwe chete vanoshingaira chezvinonhuwira ari chirungiso anogona Somuenzaniso, panguva kuvandudza simba simbi uye zvinoshatisa ayo chafariz conductivity. Basa mainjiniya ndiko kuva richakunda mubatanidzwa zvinhu zvichaita kuti simbi chikamu kana mamiriro zvakakodzera zvikuru kuti unhu ayo maererano imwe chinangwa.