Hydrofluoric asidhi

Hydrofluoric asidhi iri kazhinji anogadzirwa muchimiro 40% mhinduro, asi dzimwe nguva pane 50% kana 72% mhinduro. Asi zvinonzi hydrofluoric asidhi kana aqueous rehydrogen fluoride. zita rake yakaumbwa nevanhu fluorspar, kubva izvo, akavapindurawo, muri rehydrogen fluoride.

Hydrofluoric asidhi - ayo fomura Zvakanaka hf. Nemaziso, ndiko Hauoneki mvura, ane samolecular kurema 20,0063 g / mol uye arambe achirema - 1.15 g / cm³. It kunoratidzwa tembiricha: utsotso - 83,6 ° C, kubika - 19,5 ° C. Hazvina non-zvinobata moto uye zvikuru muchetura.

Zvii ane hydrofluoric asidhi? The yemaitiro iyi zvinhu kunoratidza kuti zvinosanganisira fluorine uye rehydrogen racho chivako. Nderake mukirasi ngozi wechipiri, sezvo yakaumbwa nokuda dissociation kuti fluorine chepfu uye ngozi kune zvakatipoteredza.

Pamusoro pokufa asidhi mumvura iri mari kupisa kuri 59,1 KJ / mol. It zvaanoita pamwe simbi zhinji, nokudaro zvichiumba fluorides. Interesting ndechokuti kunyange chikamu chiduku asidhi iyi anokwanisa achideredza nechando pfungwa mvura vomureza. Yakaderera tembiricha rehydrogen fluoride anotevera yeimwe nemvura H2O · Zvakanaka hf, H2O uye H2O · 2HF · 4HF.

Pasinei nokuti hydrofluoric asidhi ndezvaiye svikiro simba acids, izvozvo corrodes uye silicate magirazi mugaba. Uyezve, ndiyo chete mukirasi yacho venhumbi zvaanoita pamwe nesilicon oxide Sio (2). oxide Izviwo, Nde zvinhu zvinoshandiswa girazi kugadzirwa. Hydrofluoric asidhi hakuna zvainoita wakisi, saka chichiri kushandiswa okuchengetera kwayo. Panguva ino yava zvifambiswe uye kuchengetwa chete mapurasitiki pasuru, kana akaita kuti rabha uye vatungamirire mumagaba. High wevasungwa (60%) asidhi igotakurwa mumidziyo simba zvakagadzirwa simbi.

Simbi, izvo vasiri soluble mariri, kutungamirira, Platinum uye nendarama. Technical hydrofluoric asidhi ine tsvina dzinoverengeka, ramakagadzwa Zvinonyanyozivikanwa akadai Fe, Rb, Kana, uye N2SiF6, SO2. Good kuchenesa asidhi inotengwa nevanhu rokutendeutsa kuti potassium difluoride. Uyezve, zviri yaora ukaparadzawo kuburikidza muchidziisa rehydrogen fluoride mumvura.

Kana kushanda mumarabhoritari vanoshandisa midziyo uye midziyo yose polyethylene uye PTFE, uye Mavhoriyamu vakawanda hydrofluoric asidhi inochengetwa simbi, zvakasimba, hermetically namahwindo dzehondo, uye dzehondo kana sepombi amoniya mhando, izvo zvaida kuti inodzivirira coloring iripo.

Hydrofluoric asidhi ngozi utano hwevanhu. Iye ane simba marwadzo zvainoita psyche. Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero iye apinda ropa, muchiitiko ichi kudzivisa zvakasimba chepfu ane kuchinja mashandiro ari zvomudumbu emuviri uye pulmonary edema. Kunyange hydrofluoric asidhi zvinogona kuvhiringa mwoyo basa uye mukuru kudhaka yacho muviri.

Uchikurukura ganda kana maziso, rinoita kurwadza kutsva kunyange panguva yakaderera kuwanda. Kunyanya zvisingafadzi migumisiro iine acid kupinda nokuda zvipikiri, saka kushanda pamwe chete vanofanira kupfeka magiravhusi uye Stretch akanaka.

Kana, zvisinei, ganda atora acid, ipapo nokukurumidza sukurudza nemvura inoyerera uye kubata pamwe 2,5% karusiyamu gluconate somunhu gel. Asi kuti havagoni kurega, unofanira kubvunza chiremba wako pakarepo. Iye achagadza ane intravenous jekiseni karusiyamu chloride.

Apo rinoshandiswa asidhi iyi ngozi? Pari, zviri kushingaira kushandiswa padombo kukundikana silicate kukurumidza nesimbi zvakadai niobium, tantalum uye zirconium. It anoita se anowedzera kuti hydrogenation uye dehydrogenation, uyewo kugadzirwa kwezvinhu fluoropolymers, freons uye fluorosulfonic acid. Akawana kushanda yaro mafuta indasitiri. Akanga kubatwa matsime mafuta kunatsiridza oiri.