Summary: "Kolymskie nyaya" (V. Shalamov)

Funga dzakaunganidzwa Shalamov, akashanda kubvira 1954 pairi kusvika 1962. We tsanangura pfupiso kwayo. "Kolyma Tales" - muunganidzwa ngano pfupi ane zano iri rondedzero kwomusasa uye vasungwa Gulag mujeri upenyu uye akashungurudzwa hwavo dzidziso iyi inobva, somunhu mumwe, umo zvakarurama nyaya. Munyori chinotarisa nguva dzose nenzara uye mukaguta, inorwadza uye kupora, kuparadzwa, kunyadziswa tsika uye kudzikisirana. Matambudziko yakamutswa Shalamov, uchadzidza zvakawanda nokuverenga pfupiso. "Kolyma Tales" - kuunganidzwa izvo uri kunzwisisa zvaakanga aona uye ruzivo munyori mumakore 17 aakapedza ari mujeri (1929-1931) uye Kolyma (1937 kusvika 1951). Photo nomunyori rinotaurwa pazasi.

akataura kuvanhu pamariro

Munyori anoyeuka mamwe masoja ake kubva mumisasa. Hatidi nyora mazita avo, sezvo rinomiririra pfupiso. "Kolyma Tales" - kuunganidza umo intertwine unyanzvi uye vhidhiyo. Zvisinei, vakapiwa zvose mhondi iri nyaya zita chairo.

Achienderera mberi nyaya, munyori anorondedzera sei vasungwa akafa, vamwe vakapukunyuka kurwadziswa, anoti pamusoro tariro yavo uye maitiro mu "Auschwitz pasina yamavira," sezvo anonzi Shalamov Kolyma misasa. Vakakwanisa kurarama sezvaakanga zvakanaka anopa uye haana kutyora tsika - dzakabatana.

"Upenyu injiniya Kipreeva"

Ngatikurukurei inotevera zvinofadza nyaya kuti taisagona kutsanangura kuita pfupiso. "Kolyma Tales" - kuunganidza umo munyori, hapana kutengeswa kana atengeswa, anoti achizvisanangurira kwakashanda nzira yemaitiro kudzivirira yayo kuvapo. Inoitwa pakuti munhu anogona kurarama kana akagadzirira chero nguva rufu, anogona kuzviuraya. Asi gare gare anoziva kuti chete yakavakwa akazvigadzirira hwomutambarakede yokupotera, saka hatizivi kuti uchava panguva inokosha, uye haufaniri chete simba mupfungwa, asi panyama.

Fireweed, injiniya-yefizikisi, uyo akasungwa muna 1938, haana chete kumira tabvunzurudzwa pamwe vanorohwa uye kunyange akarwisa dzendege, zvokuti akaiswa ndoga. Asi achiri kuedza kuti usapupura nhema, kutyisidzira kusungwa wake. Fireweed asi anoramba kuratidza zvose kuti haasi muranda, akafanana vasungwa vose, uye vanhu. Nemhaka tarenda (iye akagadzira wakaputsika X-ray muchina, vakawana nzira kudzorera vainyeperwa girobhu racho) kuti hunhu uhwu anogona kudzivisa zvikuru kwazvo nemabasa, asi kwete nguva dzose. Chete chishamiso achiri mupenyu, asi tsika kuvhunduka hazvirevi kusunungura icho.

"On predstavku"

Shalamov, uyo akanyora "Kolyma Tales", pfupiso izvo tichinetseka, zvinoratidza kuti uori akauya kwemisasa mukuru kana muduku papi zvose. Rakanga kuitwa-siyana. We tsanangura nemashoko mashomanana, mumwe mupanda kubva mubhuku "Kolyma Tales" - "On predstavku". A Pfupiso chomunda wake anotevera.

Makadhi reDare makororo maviri. Mumwe anorasikirwa uye anokumbira kutamba nechikwereti. Tichivimba nemashoko pane dzimwe nguva, anorayira tisingatarisiri musungwa vakadzidza wandave muvateereri, kupa juzi. Anoramba. It "kunouraya" mumwe mbavha, uye juzi anowana blataryu zvakadaro.

"Night"

zvino isu tsanangura rimwezve chigadzirwa kubva mubhuku "Kolyma Tales" - ". usiku" Pfupiso yebhuku naye, kwedu maonero, kuchavawo dzinonakidza kumuverengi.

By guva zvakabiwa vasungwa vaviri. It akavigwa mangwanani muviri komuredhi yavo. Ivo vanoba hembe kubva kuvakafa murume kuchinja mangwana, fodya kana chingwa kana kutengesa. Mukupandukira nguvo wemufi kuchatsiviwa yokuti pamwe mangwana vachakwanisa yefodya kana kudya zvishoma.

A yakawanda mabasa ari kuunganidzwa "Kolyma Tales". "Vavezi", pfupiso zvatakandorwira Haatauri anotevera nyaya "The Night." Verenga pachavo kupa. Zvinobikwa bhuku duku. Pamanyorerwo imwe nyaya, zvinosuruvarisa haabvumiri kutsanangura zvose nyaya. Uyewo, zviduku basa kubva mubhuku "Kolyma Tales" - "michero". Pfupiso huru uye chinonyanya kunakidza, kwedu mafungiro, nyaya munyaya iyi.

"Chipimo Single"

Kunorondedzerwa munyori somusasa muranda wechibharo - kumwe uori. The musungwa, aneta havagoni kuzadzisa ndozvakajairwa, basa rava danda uye kunoita kuti munhu anonoke kuuraya. Dugal, nyoka, kukura simba nokuda 16-awa rokushanda. He anosasa, Kyle anotakura. Night the ranger matanho zvakamiswa. Mufananidzo 25%, ainzi womutariri sokuti Dugayeva guru kwazvo. Iye kutsungirira hosha mapfudzi, maoko, musoro, dzava mhuru. The musungwa asingadi kunyange kunzwa kare nzara. Gare gare, akanga vakadamwa dzendege. Anokumbira, "Zita, Name Last, rokuti, Article". Masoja pazuva aenda musungwa kunzvimbo yakanga iri kure, takapoteredzwa fenzi zvikamu nemiseve waya. Usiku, pano anouya ruzha nematarakita anofamba. Dugaev kunetseka nei akaendeswa pano, uye anonzwisisa kuti upenyu huri pamusoro. Anozvidemba chete kuti varwadziswe chinhu yokuwedzera zuva.

"Rain"

Inogona kuva refu kwazvo pamusoro muunganidzwa ichi se "Kolyma Tales" nyaya. Pfupiso yebhuku vakuru mabasa kunongova exploratory zvakasikwa. Tinopa iwe zvinotevera nyaya - "Rain".

Tinyatsoziva mumusasa upenyu kushanda muhunza Rozovsky, gamba, akasika Shalamov ( "Kolyma Tales"). Pfupiso mabasa vakazvitsaurira kwaari "Mvura" kunotevera. Pasinei perekedza akaita ngozi wevaFiripi, kuti narrator anodanidzira Rozovski uchishanda pedyo, kugoverana naye chizaruro. Rozovski akaziva kuti hapana chinangwa muupenyu. Asi asati ane upenyu chakarasikirwa zvose kukosha kwayo, nguva kurwisa nevarindi, anomhanya kwaari uye anonunura narrator pamusoro ngozi uye richizvitenda chiito, achiudza varindi kuti Rozovski achirwara. Musungwa gare gare akaedza kuzviuraya, achikanda pachake pasi rori. Pashure pokutongwa, akatumirwa imwe nzvimbo kubasa.

"Cherry Brandy"

The nyanduri-musungwa, uyo akanga vaiona mudetembi remakore rechi20 rokutanga munyika yedu anofa. Anogara pamubhedha wake, ari kudzika pasi mutsara. Achifa nyanduri kwenguva refu. Dzimwe totaura myl Somuenzaniso, kuti munhu akaba chingwa, iyo nyanduri akaiisa pasi musoro wake. Akagadzirira kunotsvaka, kurwa, vanopika ... Asi mauto pariri zvakare. Kana akaisa ruoko rwake zuva govera, iye runonditsikirira chingwa kuti muromo wake rakaoma, muchayamwa izvozvo, kuedza kutsenga uye kubvarura scorbutic meno inoshamisa. Kana nyanduri paanofa, hapana kunyora kubvisa zvimwe 2 mazuva. Vavakidzani pedo havagoni kuzvigamuchira nechingwa sechinhu chipenyu. Ivo vanoita kuti anotambanudza ruoko rwake sezvo chidzoyi.

"Shock kurapa"

Merzlyakov, mumwe magamba rinonzi "Kolmyskie nyaya", pfupiso zvatiri kufunga, nyoka muviri guru pamusoro vakawanda basa anozvinzwisisa anomununura. Iye anowira, haagoni kusimuka uye vanoramba kutora danda. Kutanga kutomurova, ipapo - Varindi. Zvinonzi uchakumikidzwa kune musasa yakaderera musana marwadzo uye wakaputsika rumbabvu. Mushure kupora, Merzlyakov haana kurega vachigunun'una uye kunyepedzera kuti aisagona ruramisa kukwira. Anoita izvi kuitira kunonoka mashoko. Akanga akatumwa kuvhiya vakanamatira chipatara nechepakati, uye ipapo tsinga kuongororwa. Merzlyakov vane mukana zvinofanira kunzi kuda chirwere. Ari kuedza zvakaoma kwete pachena. Asi Petro Ivanovich, chiremba, pachake aimbova Aimbova dzora, zvinoisa pachena. munhu All nayo displaces nyanzvi. Anopedza nguva zviri kufumura avo vanonyepedzera. Peter Ivanovich ari kutarira mberi kune mugumisiro, izvo zvichaita kuti nyaya kuna Merzlyakov. Chiremba wokutanga zvinomuita yokutindivadza, umo zvinokwanisika kutwasanudza muviri Merzlyakov. Papera vhiki, murwere ushandiswe kuvhunduka kurapa, achibva anobvunza kuti mushoma pacharo.

"Fivha kupatsanura varwere"

Andreev paanoita oga, vachirwara typhus. nzvimbo murwere kana tichienzanisa nemabasa mumigodhi rinopa mukana wokupona, iye akapotsa haana kutarisira. ipapo Andreev anosarudza kugara pano kwenguva refu sezvinobvira, uye ipapo, zvichida, hazvizovi kutuma zvakawanda goridhe padombo zviso, apo rufu, kurohwa, nzara. Andreev haana kupindura rejisita asati kutumira akapora kubasa. saka Anokwanisa akavanda kwenguva refu. Zvishoma nezvishoma mainozonodira dzaifanoiswa sero, dzokai anouya, pakupedzisira, kuti Andreev. Asi zvinoratidzika ikozvino kuti hondo upenyu, akakunda, uye kana ikozvino atumirwe, ipapo zveko chete, zvenguva pfupi nzendo. Asi kana rori boka vasungwa vakapiwa chisingatarisirwi chando zvipfeko, kunoita kuti mutsetse kubva kure uye pedo yenzendo, Andreev anonzwisisa kuti zvakazoitika kwavari kuseka.

In mufananidzo pazasi - chirangaridzo Dombo iri imba iri Vologda, kwaaigara Shalamov.

"Kutsemuka Aneurysm"

In nyaya Shalamov chirwere uye muchipatara - chinokosha chokufunga rangano. Catherine Glovatskaya wakakomberedzwa, anowana kuchipatara. runako ichi pakarepo akakwezva Zaitsev, chiremba pabasa. Anoziva kuti ari kudanana musungwa Podshivalova kumuzikamwi wake uchibudisa yomunzvimbo mudzidzi netsvimbo, chiremba vachiri anosarudza kuedza rombo ake. Senguva dzose, iye chinotanga wezvokurapa kuzviongorora murwere, kuti vateerere mwoyo. Zvisinei, varume kufarira kuchatsiviwa yezvokurapa hanya. In Glowacki iye anowana chinhu kutsemuka aneurysm. Ichi chirwere umo dzose dzenhema Kutama anogona kukonzera rufu. Kunzwisisa mutemo kuti zviparadzanise vanoda mabhosi vakanga kamwe akatumira musikana kuti vakasununguka-munhukadzi zvangu. Musoro chipatara pashure chiremba Mushumo nezvechirwere chake nechokwadi kuti anonyengera Podshivalova anoda kuchengetedza unoda. Woman pauri, asi kana rokukwidza ikafa, sezvo akayambira Zaitsev.

"Wokupedzisira hondo Major Pugachev"

Munyori rinoratidza kuti pashure peHondo Yenyika II yakatanga kusvika mumusasa vasungwa akarwa uye vakayambuka musungwa. vanhu ava mumwe nokuomesa: vanoziva sei kuti pangozi, chakasimba. Vanotenda chete pachipfuva. musasa wavo muuranda haina uori, havana zvichigere aneta asati apererwa kuda uye kutamburira. "Mhosva" yavo yakanga kuti vasungwa ava vaiva nhapwa kana mune zvakatipoteredza. Mumwe wavo, Major Pugachev, zvaiva pachena kuti vakaunzwa pano kufa. Ipapo anounganidza simba uye kutsunga, anoenderana pacharo, vasungwa vanoda kufa kana kuva wakasununguka. Tiza kugadzirira yechando zvose. Pugachev akaziva kuti achimhanya vapone chando, vaya vanokwanisa chete kutiza zvavo basa. Chimwe nechimwe vechikamu pakurangana uchifamba rinoteerera. Mumwe kunova mubiki, mumwe - kultorgom rechitatu vachigadzira zvombo kudzivirirwa.

Rimwe zuva muchirimo, nenguva 5 am, mumwe munhu akagogodza takarinda. Mushandi anoita musungwa-mubiki, uyo, senguva dzose, akauya makiyi pandiri. Cook izvozvo suffocates, uye mumwe musungwa ari akapfeka yunifomu yake. Kune vamwe vakasara vakadzoka papera zvishoma, zvimwechete zvinoitika. Next, zvose chinoitika maererano kuronga Pugacheva. In kuchengetedzwa mukamuri uye tenzi unoranganawo hombodo chombo, bara uye vakauraya pabasa. Vari stocking pamwe nezvokudya uye kupfeka yunifomu yechiuto, akabata pakarepo vanopeputswa nemauto aine pfuti. Achibva kumisasa, vakarega pamusoro mutyairi munzira rori akarima atasve kusvikira peturu yapera. Ipapo vanoenda kudondo. Pugachev, uchimuka usiku, pashure pemwedzi yakawanda rokutapwa, anoyeuka kuti muna 1944, vakapukunyuka kubva mumusasa German, vakayambuka pamberi mutsetse, akatambudzika tabvunzurudzwa rinokosha chikamu, pashure iyo chaaipomerwa vasori uye akatongerwa makore 25 ari mujeri. Anoyeuka uyewo mumusasa German rakasvika kuvapostori vose General Vlasov, uyo basa Russian, achinyengetedza kuti akakunda mauto kuti simba Soviet - vatengesi. Ipapo Pugachev havana kutenda, asi nokukurumidza akanga akagutsikana. Unotarisa pamwe rudo mamwe masoja ake akarara pedyo. Papera chinguva yakasungirirwa hondo tariro navarwi vakanga vakakomba vatizi. Vasungwa vakauraya zvinenge zvose, kunze chete, kuti anorapa pashure pokunge zvakakomba akuvadzwa kuti kupfura. Pugachev chete anokwanisa kutiza. Iye akavanda bheya kugomba, asi anoziva kuti iye, zvakare, achawana. Oh, haana kudemba zvaakanga aita. Ake okupedzisira bara - a.

Saka, takurukura nyaya huru kubva mubhuku rakanyorwa Varlam Shalamov ( "Kolyma Tales"). Pfupiso anotanga zvikuru zviitiko. Zvakawanda pamusoro pavo inogona kuverenga pamusoro mapeji basa. Kokutanga muunganidzwa rakabudiswa muna 1966 Varlam Shalamov. "Kolyma Tales", pfupiso yamakati ikozvino munoziva, zvakaiswa mapeji New York reShanduro "New Journal".

In New York, nyaya 4 chete dzakabudiswa muna 1966. Gore rakatevera, muna 1967, 26 nyaya neMunyori ichi, kunyanya kubva kuunganidzwa mubereko kwatiri, akabuda ari mushanduro German muguta Cologne. Muupenyu hwake, haana yakabudiswa mubhuku Soviet Union "Kolyma Tales" Shalamov. A pfupiso zvitsauko zvose zvinosuwisa, haina zvaisanganisira munyaya format, nokuti nyaya mubhuku zvikuru kwazvo. Saka, tinoratidza familiarizing pachako pamwe nevamwe.

"Yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mukaka"

Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, tinokuudzai nezvechimwe basa kubva mubhuku "Kolyma Tales" - "yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mukaka". Brief zviri zvinotevera ake.

Shestakov avanoziva narrator, haana kushanda panguva yangu kumeso, nekuti akanga ane injiniya-geologist, uye akaendeswa kuna hofisi. Akasangana pamwe narrator uye akati aida kutora basa uye kuenda Black Mazano, kusvikira kugungwa. Uye kunyange yokupedzisira akaziva kuti ichi hachisi noitika (nzira gungwa refu kwazvo), akabvuma. Narrator akafunga kuti Shestakov zvichida vanoda kuyambuka vose vaya vachava imomu. Asi vimbiso yaJehovha yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mukaka (kukurira nzira, vanofanira kudya) afufurwa. Kuenda Shestakov, akadya magaba maviri Goodies. Zvino pakarepo akati achinja pfungwa dzake. Papera vhiki, vamwe vashandi vakatiza. Vaviri vavo vakaurayiwa, vatatu vavo vari mwedzi kutongwa. A Shestakov hwakatamisirwa imwe ndeyangu.

Tinoratidza kuti ukaverenga chepakutanga uye mamwe mabasa. Very akanyepera akanyorwa Shalamov "Kolyma Tales". Pfupiso yebhuku ( "michero", "Rain" uye "Baby Pictures", isu vanotiwo kuverenga chepakutanga) transmits chete Zano. Yemunyori werudzii, mifananidzo kunzwisisa chete achinge aziva basa pacharo.

Not zvaisanganisira mubhuku "Kolyma Tales", "Bamba". A pfupiso nyaya hatina anotsanangurwa nokuda kwechikonzero. Zvisinei, basa iri chimwe chezvinhu asinganzwisisiki mubasa Shalamov raMwari. Fans kuti tarenda rake richava zvinonakidza kuriverenga.