AG Spirkin, "Uzivi": bhuku zvikoro dzakakwirira

Aleksandr Georgievich Spirkin - ndiye Soviet, uye muzivi akazotevera Russian vane mabhuku vava nevakawanda vane vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti uye vaverengi vanoda kudzamisisa horizons dzavo. Pasinei nokuti munyori akanyora anozivikanwa makomborero ake sixties remakore rapfuura, vachiri havana kurasa kuenderana yavo. Chirango, aakataura chose hwake Alexander Spirkin - uzivi. Asi muzivi Hazvizivikanwi yokutsvakurudza yake imwe nzvimbo. Akaedza zvishoma, muchidimbu uye zvakarurama nekutaura dzinokosha pfungwa uzivi uye kwawakabva nhoroondo yaro vanoda kudzidza chidzidzo ichi uye kurinzwisisa. Ngatiedzei maitiro Tutorial ichi kuongorora nechirevo yacho dzidzo yedu uye kukura pakunamata.

Biography

Spirkin AG, "Uzivi" yakazova Munongedzo bhuku anogadza pakutanga vadzidzi Soviet uye nyanzvi, uye ipapo vechidiki Kishi nyika, akararama zvakaoma asi dzinonakidza upenyu. Akaberekerwa muna 1918 muna Saratov nharaunda, asi kutanga aida kuzvipira upenyu hwake kuti mushonga. Akapedza kudzidza kubva Moscow Institute of ramangwana ainzi defectology pamberi hondo, asi zvino, vakangwara vanhu vezera rake sezvo vazhinji, akasungwa mhosva dzenhema, uye kusvikira 1945 rakanga mumisasa. Ikoko akatanga kufarira "kuda uchenjeri."

Asunungurwa, Alexander Spirkin pakutanga akaedza kushanda dzakagadzirirwa, asi ipapo akava Fellow of Institute of Philosophy Academy of Sciences of USSR. Miteva chinyorwa iye anodzivirira pamusoro evanhu zvepfungwa pakati Plekhanov, uye doctorate - pamusoro zvinetso kwakabva chavanoziva. Muna 1970, kuti mupiro mukuru akava purofesa 1974 - runoenzanirana nhengo USSR Academy of Sciences. Kana muduku nomuzivi yakanga kufarira zvinetso yokukakavadzniswa pfuma, kubva sixties, iye anofarira chakagadzirwa njere dzidziso uye pfungwa cybernetics.

History of bhuku

Alexander Spirkin akatanga kudzidzisa uzivi mu nemasangano akasiyana dzidzo Moscow. Akanga rake yokuti dzidzo vadzidzi vavo nokupeta pakazopera pakati mashanu remakore rechimakumi maviri aiva manyoro. Iye refu achitsvaka kuva naye pahwaro kunyora mabhuku. anofunga ake manyoro anonzi "kunyatsogona Uzivi". Spirkin mumaoko kuna All-Union kukwikwidzirana mabhuku kuti vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti, uye iye akunda. Pahwaro ichi chinyorwa nomuzivi akabudisa emirayiridzo wandei, pakarepo akava akakurumbira zvikuru. Kunyange nguva perestroika uye pashure pokuwa USSR Spirkina mabhuku akanga dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Muna 1990, ake "kunyatsogona Uzivi" yakakurumbira vakanga rakabudiswa kubudiswa imba "Progress" mu Chirungu. Ichangobva reShanduro bhuku rakabudiswa muna 2002 uye muna 2005. In yayo yakadzokororwa chimiro rakabudiswa "Gardariki". "Uzivi" Spirkina anokwanisa kubvisa yechinyakare dzematongerwe iri nyore, iri nechepasi zvinhu uye zviri nyore kuti kuverenga pamwe mubereko.

Zvinoitwa bhuku rose

Bhuku rake pauzivi Spirkin akanambwa mhando compendium zivo vakaungana nevanhu munharaunda iyi. Zvakanyorwa mumutauro munhuwo, kusvikira pamwero zvine unyanzvi zvamarudzi mharidzo, vakawanda pfungwa zvinotsanangurwa kuwanika. Iye unowanzonzi anoperekedza risingazivikanwi negungwa uzivi. Bhuku ine zvikamu zvina. Ndiro imwe Nhanganyaya shoko, apo muzivi akapa tsanangudzo munda uyu zivo, uyewo funga musiyano wayo kubva nyika. Izvi anoteverwa chikamu nhoroondo uzivi.

Chikamu anoongorora mukuru nyaya ouzivi dzakadai kuvapo, zivo uye ungwaru. Chikamu chechitatu anoongorora magariro uzivi. Munyori muchidimbu asi muchidimbu zvinopa pfungwa pamusoro kambani, ayo kukura uye dzinokura, uyewo zvinhu hwake hwomudzimu. Tutorial iyi yakanga yakakurumbira, kunyanya mumakore 60-80 remakore rapfuura, kwete chete pakati vadzidzi, asiwo mapurofesa. The kuzivisa imba "Gardariki" Akauya rakapfupikiswa zvikuru chimiro. Asi Ministry of Education hwarinokurudzira sechekushandisa vadzidzi.

parenthesis

Alexander Spirkina uzivi anofarira pakutanga ari mhando kwetunhu ruzivo kuti unobvumira kubatanidza uye kuwana chinhu chakafanana pakati siyana nesayenzi uye tsika. Musumo bhuku rake, iye unoritumidza quintessence kwoupenyu vanhu pakunamata. Achitenda kuti yakadaro mafungiro vaibva chido kunzwisisa musimboti chakavanzika. Man haagoni kugutsikana zvishomanana maonero enyika, ane kudiwa RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero. Mibvunzo zvinoreva upenyu uye kuvapo kuvapo kwedu chinangwa anonzwisisa aigara kufarira vanhu. Kusiyana nezvimwe sayenzi, iyo kutipa Chidimbu kusiyaniswa ruzivo,, uzivi runoita kuti nokusangana zivo yedu uye muvira hurongwa. Rinotaurawo anosarudza dzomunyika kutaurirana pakati dzakasiyana mapato ose manzwisisire atinoita zvenyika. Munyori muchidimbu anorondedzera mamiriro ruzivo ouzivi, kusimbisa chokwadi kuti iripo kwete chete kune masayendisiti, asi chero rokusika uye zvakasikwa vanhu.

History uzivi

Chikamu chokutanga bhuku ndiyo voluminous. Inoitwa zvitsauko masere. "Uzivi" Spirkina ari munhau chikamu anopa muverengi ane pfungwa yose kupfuma nhaka kare nevafungi. Section kunotanga Vanyori vekare, kubata mashoko Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, Thales, Heraclitus, Democritus, uye Plato naAristotle kuti maitiro. inogona kuwanika muchikamu ichi kuti pfungwa kubvumirana zvakasikwa, kusafa kwomweya, uye kunyange kwemahofisi rayo kubva mumuviri mumwe, uye paiva nevaGiriki vekare.

Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna mangwanani Hellenistic uzivi - vamwe vanonamata, ivo VaEpikuro, nevaStoiki, Neoplatonists. An chitsauko chose rakazvipira nhoroondo Ages pfungwa-gore zviuru. It chakaitika nguva European uzivi kubva mukupera hweRoma kuti Renaissance. Muverengi vachadzidza dzidziso Augustine, Fomy Akvinskogo, Roger Bacon. mapeji mashoma vakapiwa uye muuzivi Renaissance.

Rakatanga Classics

Very akanyatsofungwa munyori akanga Alexander Spirkin. "Uzivi", uye kunyanya nhoroondo chikamu, ichi ndicho uchapupu. Anonyatsoteerera kukudziri- European pfungwa iri XVII- XVIII emakore. Zvinonzi panguva ino akaberekwa kuwanda geniuses vakatendeukira kwete chete kungoda vanhu rugare, asi chakazochinja munzanga upenyu. Tanga kwawaiita zvakadai vakakurumbira nevafungi sezvo Descartes uye Hume, ipapo chaizvo chipo chakakura chinoitwa vatungamiri French Kujekerwa - Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau, kusika pave rudo mberi. Chinangwa muchikamu chino rinonyatsotarira Hofori nezvouzivi German dzenhoroondo - Kant, Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Feuerbach. Zvizhinji pfungwa inobhadharwa nevafungi Western zvakadaro European kufanana Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, uye vamwe. Panewo chitsauko inopedzerwa Russian uzivi - kubva Lomonosov uye Radishcheva kuna Dostoevsky uye Soloviev.

Uchenjeri, chisikwa, ruzivo, uye mweya

Kubva rechipfumbamwe kusvika chitsauko nemiviri Spirkin AG ( "Uzivi", bhuku) rinotaura pamusoro dzinokosha pfungwa uye mazwi. Tinoziva kuti chinoitwa yakadaro (izvo anofunga rinozivisa sezvazviri), ukama pakati nyaya, inofamba, nzvimbo uye nguva. Zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro ruzivo, ayo nzira uye nenheyo, uyewo kana munhu anogona kunzwisisa zvakamupoteredza kana anofanira nguva dzose kuti tirambe shure chidzitiro pachivande. Simuka sezvo mibvunzo nokusingaperi pamusoro ndiro rine chokwadi uye ukama kuziva hwakanaka. Shure zvose izvi zvaiva nharo kwouzivi uye vavengi akaputsa namapfumo. Kubva mhinduro yemibvunzo iyi inofanira kuva nemafungiro kunzvimbo yomunhu munyika. Bhuku munyori rinotaurawo musiyano pakati pokuva chinangwa uye munhu (omumwe "I"). mibvunzo yakawanda isingatarisirwi uye zvinofadza kuti chokuita murume ano Somuenzaniso, ukama zivo uye kutenda, pangava kuvapo chikonzero kwemhuka, dambudziko chokwadi, basa kunzwisisa nokuziva uye anonzwisisa, zvakare, zvinoratidzwa mubhuku rino.

Chikamu chechitatu

Sezvo nyanzvi Marxist yokukakavadzniswa nokuomesa, mu ake mubhuku "Philosophy" nokuti mumayunivhesiti Spirkin allocates chikamu chinokosha kuna upenyu hwevanhu. Iye ipfupiso zvinokosha pfungwa yokuti vadzidzi kufunga nezvenhoroondo uye kukura kwenzanga. Munyori inoti iri kuti nzanga nokuda rwevanhu, chii chiri zvayo zveupfumi uye enyika pachisara uye chii ayo mapoka akasiyana - makirasi, strata, marudzi, vanhu, mhuri. Chikamu ichi Spirkin kudzokera munhoroondo uzivi, achiratidza sei kuziva yakatanga munzanga nguva uye zvinorehwa munzanga yevanhu, kana vakatanga kutsvaka akakodzera uye pfungwa mberi. Anoongorora dambudziko tsaona munhau, basa vakawanda kufamba uye vanhu, uye rinewo maonero akasiyana pamusoro mifananidzo uye dzinoitwa kukura vanhu. Munyori Inokurukurawo nhau dzetsika, vanhu, tsika, uye dambudziko vatariri ehurumende pachinhu wacho uye kodzero yake.

zvichireva Tutorial

zvizvarwa zvakawanda vadzidzi vakadzidza kubva mumabhuku akanyorwa pachishandiswa mabasa Alexander Spirkina. Vakadzidza kwete chete pane uzivi, nhoroondo dzaro uye makuru Mapato, asi kuziva pfungwa, metaphysics, aesthetics. Pasinei nokuti chinyorwa racho chikuru chikamu zvakasikwa munguva Soviet, kunyange kare Shanduro munyori inobhadhara yakawanda chokwadi pane dzidziso, uye nokudaro anogadza pacharo kunze ipapo vavo. Iye expounds chete dingindira, sezvinoitwa nemamwe mabhuku, asi nguva dzose inorangarira vatsva chaizvoizvo uye dzinokura, uye kunyange nyore chimiro.

Spirkin, "Uzivi", bhuku rokushandisa muzvikoro: Reader Reviews

Vadzidzi akadzidza uzivi mubhuku rino uye vachigadzirira hurukuro nemiedzo uye bvunzo, ndiko kurumbidzwa kwazvo. Vanonyora kuti mune bhuku ose pfungwa, mazwi, uye zvikuru kunzwisisa nyaya uye matambudziko ataurwa havasi mutauro munhuwo, asi munhu akanaka mabhuku manyorerwo, kunakidza chaizvo. The Chinyorwa iri kuverenga mweya mumwe, uye kuwedzera, zvinobatsira kuti systematize zivo uye akaaisa echiShinto. Hurukuro zvokunyama kunoratidzwa siyana nyaya uye mienzaniso kubva upenyu kuti chete zvinobatsira nezvairehwa ruzivo. Uye vanhu vari kwazvo mabhuku yesayenzi uye yakakurumbira, vanoti bhuku iri kana pinda, kuchinja ziso muverengi kuti zvinhu zvizhinji, inoita kuti ufunge nenzira yakasiyana kutarira mubvunzo wokuti uzivi muupenyu kunodiwa.