Archbishop Seraphim Sobolev: Biography, nezvishamiso, Photo

Vhuvhuta zuva muna November 1920 akabva Sevastopol chengarava kwasviba chikepe "Khersones", uchiwana kuenda kumwe vaya chete zuro mumaoko vachiedza tidzivise kungangoitika nenyonganyonga. Pakati vakuru vakanga vakazadza nechepamusoro uye rinotevera maonero yanyangarika kure Beach, aiva murume vakareba mana mu yemamongi nguo - Bishop Seraphim (Sobolev).

Childhood nemakore kudzidza remangwana anozviramba

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo Mutsvene Seraphim (Sobolev) December 13, 1881 mu Ryazan. In rubhabhatidzo mutsvene iye ainzi Nicholas. Zvavakanga kare vakawana dzidzo pamba, muna 1894, nenhatu Kohl akanga wakanyoresa muchikoro Ryazan pakunamata. Sezvo ari pamukova bvunzo iye rakapfuura ruzivo rwake vezera, ari inisipekita akawana zvichiita kunyoresa Nicholas kamwechete mukirasi yechipiri.

Jaya, chipo pachisikirwo kuongorora pfungwa uye nokutsungirira, zvakanga nyore kwemakore matanhatu ari kuchikoro, kuti kuva pakati zvakanakisisa vadzidzi pakupera kudzidza uye muna 1904 akapinda St. Petersburg Theological Academy. Heano zvikuru kuziva kuti chete ayo vaida nzira muupenyu kushumira Mwari, mumwe mudzidzi wechiduku akaratidza chido kuvhuna ose maturo nyika uye kuva mumongi. Pakapera January 1908, kare gore rakapera panguva Academy, akatora yemamongi mhiko pamwe zita Seraphim, vachikudza mutsvene Mwari St. Seraphim Sarov, aitsvaga rose rutsigiro, uye gare gare mwedzi akagadzwa kuti upristi.

Kutanga basa mabasa echitendero

Muna September wegore iroro Hieromonk Seraphim vakanangana kudzivirira chinyorwa. Her dingindira akasarudza nedzidziso kuzvininipisa mharidzo madzibaba vatsvene V-XV emakore pahwaro iyo kuunganidzwa mabasa ndokukweverwazve kumusoro, vaimudana "Philokalia". Academic Council of Academy, familiarized nebasa payunivhesiti, vachibvumirana kutenderwa, uye sachigaro chomurayiro, Purofesa FF Bronzov akawana zvakakodzera kuti mvumo zvinyorwa chinyorwa kuti padanho basa iri mhiri zvezvinotaurwa chinyorwa yatenzi.

Mukomana mufundisi akazarura tarisiro vachiri uye rinobudirira. Pakarepo pamusoro okutambirwa chitupa Hieromonk Seraphim (Sobolev) inoendeswa pedagogical basa Zhitomir, uye ipapo Kaluga, iyo anoita kuhofisi chikoro superintendent dzechitendero. Zvino pagore chinova basa manera danho naye. Muna 1911, iye - pachikoro inisipekita muna Kostroma, uye muna 1912 - the Rector of chebhaibheri pakati Voronezh. Saka, unomutswa uye akagadzwa. In Voronezh, akava Archimandrite. Pamwe nokudzidzisa, Fr. Seraphim (Sobolev), kuita mupepeti pepanhau romunzvimbo "Diocesan Gazette".

Jobs mupanduki chebhaibheri

Rector nzvimbo akabata kusvikira 1918, asi kare kumavambo basa vakasangana pamwe nezviratidzo nenjodzi ramangwana rokutanga. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti imwe motokari mauto mumugwagwa kupidigura raivapo panguva iyoyo vari Russian umambo akanga muviri mudzidzi.

Izvi hazvishamisi. Young, nyore amenable kune itsva, dzimwe nguva kunze yokushamisira uye inokwezva magariro pfungwa, kazhinji vadzidzi kuva plaything mumaoko enyika adventurers. Oddly zvakakwana, asi zviri zvakafanana aishanda kwete chete kune vadzidzi mumayunivhesiti Soviet, asi kuti vadzidzi muzvikoro zvechitendero, achitora Zvinoshingaira enyika kuramwa uye mienzaniso.

Students Voronezh chebhaibheri Rector chakanga Archimandrite Seraphim (Sobolev) pasina anosara. Uyezve, kunyange asati kugadzwa pambiru chikoro "mbiri" yose Russia chokuti vadzidzi vake akaita yokuedza pamusoro yapfuura Rector uye inisipekita. A tsamba Baba Seraphim mumwe vaaishanda navo, umo tsitsi pamwe achangogadzwa Rector kuti, anodana "naibeznadozhneyshey" ichi pachikoro uye "kupandukira".

kumanikidzwa kuenda kumwe

Mushure October Revolution uye kutanga Civil War, Archimandrite Seraphim, akasiya basa Rector kuti mabasa uye muchirwadzisa pamwe chete Vapepeti "Diocesan Gazette", akatuma kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Ikoko kwaakaitwa dzinoshandiswa maumbirwo Ecclesiastical simba, kuumbwa muna 1919, yakaitirwa Stavropol chechi kanzuru. chisikwa chacho zvakanga zvakafanira kuti nzvimbo huru rwezasi nyika yakagurwa kubva chechi mukuru utungamiriri Civil War fronts.

Muna October, 1920 Simferopol, pasi pfuti anotinhira ari mberi Red Army, St Archimandrite Seraphim (Sobolev) akanga akakwidziridzwa kuti episcopacy. Zvaiva kokupedzisira okugadza pamba ivhu. On September 14, nechikepe kuConstantinople. Vakasiya makore makumi mana oupenyu kupedzerwa Russia, mberi kumirira kwemakore kuenda kumwe.

In wavatorwa kumahombekombe

Panguva iyoyo Constantinople akava utiziro vakawanda kutiza mapenzi uye tsitsi nehasha dhakwa kukunda pakati Bolsheviks, akasiya Russia. Kuva kune imwe nyika, pasina ukama, pasina kuziva mutauro, uye kazhinji pasina mari, vanhu vaida vari inopisa uye vepachokwadi mufundisi mashoko, kukwanisa kunyaradza uye kupa simba kune avo vakasiya shure. Saka mutungamiriri pakunamata pakati pavo uye akava Saint. Seraphim (Sobolev) pacharo inobatwa kanenge akaoma.

Ine mafungu muna 1920 pamusoro sefungu Russian kuenda kumwe weConstantinople nokuda kwegore, zvishoma nezvishoma kwakatanga kupararira pasi pose. Pamwe chete vomunyika dzavo vakasiya pamhenderekedzo Bosphorus uye Bishop Seraphim. nzira yake akabata kuBulgaria, apo, pasinei yakareba utongi Turkish, tsika Orthodox kare kare.

Pakati pehama mukutenda

Patakasvika muchirimo 1921 muna Sofia, awana kugadzwa bhishopu Bogucharsky wokutanga, uye nokukurumidza akava abbot kwetemberi uye aimbova wedhipatimendi rekupinda yeRussian parishes Orthodox. Pano, ari Bulgarian guru, akaramba Feat yake yokushumira Mwari, sezvo kushingaira kuzadzisa yaakaronzeswa nokuteerera, sezvo akashandisa kuva Russia.

Muna 1935, remangwana musande Seraphim pakukwana pachinzvimbo chevatatu bhishopu mukuru. Yakanga iri thirties, akatanga ake zvakawanda basa yezvechitendero uye munyori. Muna 1935, kubva kudhinda mabasa ake, umo mutsvene kupinda zvouMwari gakava pamwe aiziva zviremera dzakadai uzivi hwechitendero sezvo Vladimir Solovyov, Florensky uye Bulgakov.

Political nouzivi maonero Vladyka Seraphim

Muna August 1937 pagungano All-Diaspora Church Council Bogucharsky Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev) akaita rwechisikirwo kutsoropodzwa iyo panguva yakanga chimiro ecumenism - kubatana dzidziso vsehristianskogo. Achitaura zvakanyorwa veChechi, iye indisputably akaratidza unacceptability kudzidzisa urwu Russian Orthodoxy.

Pashure pemakore maviri kubva mubhuku anodhinda akazviratidza, pamusoro izvo Seraphim (Sobolev) Bishop akashanda mumakore achangopfuura. "Russian dzematongerwe" - sezvo akataura basa rake, achiisa naye pamberi panhengo ideologists yeOrthodox monarchism. Mubhuku, akaona autocracy, sezvo chete zvinoita chehurumende kuRussia, akashora Westernist wokuti Peter I uye vateveri akazotevera ake, uye akashevedzawo kumutsidzirwa yeRussian umambo.

Mashoko kwakakatyamadza vateereri

In ake anoti, Bishop Seraphim akanga dzimwe nguva kukuru chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, vaverengi vakawanda vavhiringidzike pfungwa yake worufu kune vanhu kuti pave kusatendera uye mhosva yokumhura. Zvakaoma kutaura, sezvo munyori akabatanidza akafanana maonero pamwe nenhungamiro erudo yechiKristu uye ruregerero.

Range zvidzidzo kukanganiswa Archbishop Seraphim aiva rwakafara. In pepanhau ake nyaya asina vadarika uye mubvunzo wakadaro, sezvo kuwanikwa kwake mafungiro, kusafambirana pakati karenda yaGregory Ecclesiastical emitemo. Gakava kuti dzakatanga kutenderera nyaya ino, haana kurega kunyange kwenguva refu.

ushingi chirongwa

Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu Bishop Seraphim aiva chikumbiro chake zvakanyorwa, riri April 1945 muna USSR, Patriarch seizvi Alexy I. In payo akaisa akabudisa kukumbira kuna Moscow Patriarchate. Kupiwa Gulf pakati pamakore iwayo vechitendero kuenda kumwe uye hama dzavo Kristu, uyo akaita basa rake anofudza muSoviet Union, tinogona kufungidzira simba rokufunga arasikirwe chisarudzo.

Nyaya pamwero akadaro aigona kupedza chete Stalin. Yakananga zita rake dzemari muPskov Archbishop Gregory (Chukov), uyo akashanyira pfupi kereke Bulgarian pamberi, Bishop Seraphim idambudziko anodzvinyirira munhu, mune zvematongerwo kudzidza, apo kunakidzwa rudo vomuchechi. Kashoma chikamu ichi chinogona zvakazara sechinhu nechinangwa, kwakapiwa kuti zvakanyorwa kuti musoro pevatongi ehurumende, uye pamusoro vatama, kureva, maererano nemitemo iyoyo, vatengesi.

Homecoming

Stalin Zvisinei, akachinja muhondo nomutemo pamusoro Church, akapa chikumbiro chake. Pakapera October 1945 ari wenharaunda yaitongwa ari Moscow Patriarchate nomwe Bulgarian parishes chakagamuchirwa, uye panguva imwecheteyo, Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev) akadzokera pachipfuva chechi mai. Asi chiitiko chikuru achiri kuuya - muna 1946, pakaitwa hurumende chirevo zvachakapiwa chizvarwa Soviet.

Muzhizha 1948, pashure-maviri namasere zororo Bishop Seraphim apiwa akapinda pavhu Russian. Akakokwa kuMoscow kubatanidzwa kumusangano, kuti vakuru vekereke autocephalous Orthodox vaifanira kushanda kunze rwakafanana nzvimbo panyaya Ecumenical pfungwa kuti akazviratidza apo vamwe hierarchs.

Rufu vakarurama, uye kuedza ake kuti vakudze

Archbishop Seraphim akaenda Ishe February 26, 1950 mu Sofia, iyo yakaramba kusvikira afa ushumiri evafundisi. Panguva upenyu pake waiva makuhwa sezvo mukuru, takaberekwa tine chipo clairvoyance, uye pashure achizorora minyengetero zvishamiso zvakatanga kuitika kwaari. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vatendi vakaramba nyaya kuzviremera yakakwirira Ecclesiastical kukumbira canonization ake, nehanya akanga kumbosiyiwa kwenguva refu. Kukudzwa St. Seraphim (Sobolev) kereke Bulgarian yaiva 2002. Chiito ichi kwave kuzivikanwa vanotongwa ose echechi yeRussian Orthodox kunze. Zvisinei, muna kumusha kuna Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev) akanga somusande chete pashure pemakore gumi nemana.

The pamutemo canonization pamusoro mutsvene waMwari - refu uye yakaoma muitiro. Hazvina kukwana ruzhinji kunamata, uye zvazvisingarambiki simba. Zvinofanira rakanyorwawo uye chokwadi uchapupu kuti haana kuita maererano nokuchiva nemano, uye aiva zvakananga executor nechido chaMwari. uchapupu hwakadaro, kunyanya, vanogona kushumira zvapupu inoshamisa akaita panguva upenyu wemufi, kana Chiitiko minyengetero kwachiri pashure porufu.

Kugadzirira canonization zvayo mukunopera

Collection uchapupu vachipa Archimandrite Firipi (Boguchary). Akaisa chiziviso paIndaneti, uye ruzivo pamusoro rubatsiro nenyasha, akapa vanhu Bishop Seraphim vakatanga kuuya kwaari (Sobolev). Miracles vavo akatsanangurwa zvakadzama, kunozivikanwa, uye mashoko ose akatumwa kuMoscow. Ndivo nyaya vanhu kuburikidza neminyengetero kuna Saint Seraphim akawana utano, akawana shamwari dzake muupenyu uye vanoziva mufaro amai. Uchapupu zvishamiso zvake zvizhinji kuti pamberi pavo vanyarare kunyange zamu vatsoropodzi.

Ndinoda chete ndikupei chimwe nyaya imwe Bulgarian murimi mudiki. Mukadzi ane pfungwa refu pacharo sezvo kuna Mwari, uye pasinei vachiberekwa mwoyo chirwere, haana kuita minyengetero rubatsiro. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, mamiriro ake zvokuti pashure ramai vake zano, akaenda kuguva, apo nhema kuti St. Seraphim (Sobolev), uye akakumbira kuti akubatsire. Mushure mechinguva ainzwa kuvandudzika noutano, uye akanga nokukurumidza vakakwanisa kudzokera kwomuzvarirwo zvomumba.

Muna 2015, Bulgarian yeOrthodox vaipemberera matanhatu nemashanu kubva kuzorora kubva St Seraphim. Mhemberero kwakaitika Sofia, firimu akaratidzwa ari Bulgarian firimu hwake uye basa, uye muna December wegore iroro kwakasarudzwa kuti uchatamisa nyaya yacho canonization pakati Archbishop Seraphim kuti Council of maBhishopu yeRussian Orthodox Church, rakanga rakarongwa convening kwemwedzi miviri.

February 3, 2016 kwaiva chisarudzo chokupedzisira, maererano iyo, vatsvene vakarumbidza akakurumbira zvechitendero wokuRussia kuenda kumwe Archbishop Seraphim (Sobolev). Icon kupendwa rino yakatarwa zuva, anotiratidza chiso musande, waona zvikuru uye vanonzwa avo upenyu hwepasi, uye vakakwanisa kuramba kusvikira pakufa mwanakomana yeChechi yeOrthodox wechokwadi.