Elizabethan Baroque mavakirwo St Petersburg: tsananguro, zvinhu uye unhu

Elizabethan Baroque - mapurani Style kuti yakabuda yaitonga Empress Elizabeth. Ichatonga zvine mbiri mapopoma vake pakati XVIII remakore. Mapurani, aimbova mumiririri zvikuru zvinesimba manyorerwo, akava Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (1700-1771). Vachikudza ake Elizabethan Baroque anowanzonzi "Rastrelli".

mugadzi

Ushe Peter Mukuru akaita zvakawanda zvachinja upenyu nemagariro munyika. Guta guru idzva rakavakwa sezvinoita zvivako, dzakazova kuEuropean nemitemo mapurani. Ndiyo nguva inonzi Petrine Baroque, akafuridzirwa mienzaniso German, Dutch uye Swedish zviri mapurani. Wokugadzira itsva iri kusvika zvachose kubva Byzantine tsika, vakanakidzwa asazvitarisira uye aigara vakachengeta mune Russian mavakirwo emakore. Uye Baroque akaritumidza ndokunge chaizvo. Mavakirwo nguva anenge asingazivi akasvibirira decor pakutanga chaiyo maitiro.

kuti Petro Elizabethan Baroque, vakaritsiva, kunokosha misiyano akawanda. Last wefodya tsika Moscow mavakirwo mukupera XVII -. The pakutanga XVIII remakore, akadzokera muchinjikwa domed Zano kuvakwa temberi, hanyanisi uye peya-zvakaumbwa decoration coatings.

idiosyncrasy

Board mwanasikana muduku Peter Mukuru akanga aona kukura wehurumende simba simba, nokusimbaradza munyika ukuru. Izvi zviri kuitika vasingagoni kukanganisa mavakirwo. Elizabethan Baroque muSt Petersburg uye kunze rava ndiye wehurumende simba. Tinoona zvimwe maitiro zviri zvidavado ichi:

• zvinoshamisa-siyana decoration zvinhu;

• ductility uye simba mapurani siyana;

• achisiyanisa ruvara anofambidzana vari kunze;

• kushandisa pilasters uye muzvina matatu mbiru;

• varaidzo uye yakawanda decoration mashoko ari omukati;

• mumwe vadzokere dzimwe tsika Russian mapurani yekare.

Maestro Style

zvisikwa yake yokutanga akasikwa Courland Rastrelli nokuda Duke Biron. Akazoziva mukuru murongedzeri Anna Ivanovna, uye pakupedzisira Elizabeth. Mukutanga 40-ies zviri XVIII remakore Rastrelli akashanyira Moscow, apo aiva mukana tinyatsoziva mimwe zvetsika Russian mapurani. Sezvo vatsoropodzi vanoti, zviri rwendo pfupi zvakakanganisa mberi nebasa tenzi, uye, sezvo zvakaguma pamusoro pechiso Petersburg ano iye.

chivakwa Chokutanga, iyo inovakwa Rastrelli kubudikidza sezvakarayirwa Empress, uye yakatanga pamwe mukurumbira wake, aiva mumuzinda yezhizha. Zvinosuruvarisa ichi chivako isimo nekuti zvakanga emapuranga. Zvadaro, pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana yokupindira, akashanda ari akawanda mabasa:

• The Grand Palace in Peterhof (1747-1752);

• St. Andrew raMwari Cathedral muKiev (kupendwa mufananidzo kuvaka muna 1747);

• rearrangement Tsarskoselskogo Catherine Palace (1752-1757).

Chirefu kupfuura chivako muguta

The Winter Palace aiva mumwe okupedzisira mabasa Rastrelli. Chivako apo Hermitage iri nhasi, uye nhasi unoratidza Elizabethan Baroque vose. Construction rakatanga muna 1754. nharaunda yayo zvakafanana 60,000 mativi metres uye rine 1500 makamuri. Chivako chaiva chikuru pakati dzinogarwa zvose dzimba muguta. Izvi Vaitarisira mambokadzi chirevo wairambidza kuvaka mamwe matunhu-vosimba zvivakwa. Uye nokuda haisi chero paangodira wamambo, uye kuti Rastrelli vakaverenga akakodzera kukura kuvaka hama kuti paavhareji kufara Neva. Zvisinei, mashoko ake vawana dzichiri asingazivi uye vanotsvakurudza vakatanga anoratidza zvakajeka kuti chokwadi ichi pasisina kupfuura nemanyepo. Zvisinei, chirevo zvachose kutevedzerwa.

chisingakanganwiki runako

Kupedza kuvaka Winter Palace pasi Catherine II uye pasina Rastrelli: Empress akasundudzira kwaari, achisarudza Felten, Vallin the Mothe, Rinaldi uye Betsky. Chivako kwave kuchiita pazvinhu anoverengeka uye restorations, asi nhasi unogona kuona mashoko vakaronga Rastrelli uye akasika pasi utungamiriri hwake. Akasvibirira kumugumo, unhu Baroque manyorerwo zvokusarudza, anopa mumuzinda vaitamba mutambo chitarisiko. Chivako wacho mapurani ane nevamwe mutinhimira kuumba wechikamu, ipapo vakaparadzana ne rebei, ipapo akaunganidzawo mwanda akafanana, risalits (yakabudikira zvikamu chivako zvose kwayo), akapindira pamakona.

The France akatarisa Palace Square, Rastrelli pave Arch. Nechepakati zvisikwa murongedzeri akafuridzirwa apo achiita pakugadzira Palace in Strelna. Ataurazve kuvaka repainted. Pakutanga, chikuru ruvara aiva noushamwari ocher, vakaparadzana zvinhu (warandi inlay) dzinounzwa chena madota. Nhasi, muzinda masvingo vane nedhaimani Hue. Kokutanga saka vanova pakutanga Huru Patriotic War.

Smolny Cathedral

It anonzi pamusoro okusika Rastrelli Smolny chechechi. Elizabethan Baroque mavakirwo ichi chivako chipenye runako rwayo zvose. Smolny Cathedral, nechepakati chinhu pamusoro Ensemble, yakatangwa October 30, 1748. Zvakananga akatarisira basa mapurani Christian Knobel, asi munyori racho rokuvaka iri Rastrelli.

Cathedral wakashongedzwa muzvizhinji pamusoro decoration zvinhu: dormer, arcuate (luchkovye) Gables, ngirozi uye tumabhodhoro netumidziyo. Pakutanga murongedzeri achizoita kuvaka chivako pamusoro European womuenzaniso - pamwe chete ainge akamonererwa. Elizabeth haana kubvumirana yakadaro mhinduro uye vakasimbirira mashanu-domed noruzhinji vechokwadi yevakuru. Zvisinei, zviri mutemberi ndezvevanhu imwe chete, chikuru mazibota. Rinobuda pamusoro dhiramu ane nengowani serin'i uye zvikamu pamwe bulbous musoro. Vamwe domes mana - shongwe bhero.

Cathedral nemaziso kuva zvikamu zviviri. Imwe inosanganisira rezasi chikamu France, wake wose chitarisiko chakatodzana yamambo. Yechipiri - kuti gondo domes shanu - vakareruka wayo mapurani chaienzanirana zvatinosiita mufananidzo temberi. Smolny Cathedral vayemurwe zhinji vakararama Rastrelli. Nhasi mumwe zvivako Elizabethan yakaisvonaka Baroque mavakirwo pamusoro Saint Petersburg. It iri Rastrelli Square nechepakati nzvimbo yeguta.

zvisikwa Kvasova

Over ari Catherine Palace muna Tsarskoye tiiviste pamwe Rastrelli vakashanda nevamwe ezvivako ari Elizabethan Baroque: Andrey Vasilevich Kvasov uye Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky. Modern Vatsoropodzi vanoziva munyori Muponesi ari Haymarket rokutanga. chechi iyi yakavambwa muna 1753. Kusvikira zvino hwaponeswa chete nemifananidzo: muna 1938 yakanga yakavharwa, uye muna 1961 - rakavhuvhuta. Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, vakanyora chechi raibva Rastrelli, asi nyanzvi ano havabvumirani.

Nokuti hama Razumovsky Kvass akasika dzoushe Kozelets, Gostilitsy uye Znamenka (okupedzisira rakanyorwa anoramba nharo). Muna 1748 akaenda Ukraine, kwaaishanda mabasa ari wokuUkraine Baroque manyorerwo.

Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky

In Tsarskoye tiiviste chirongwa Chevakinsky ndokumisa dzimba maviri Catherine Palace, Pavilion "Monbijou", iro nhasi haina akachengetedzwa, dzimba vashandi. Mukuwedzera, mapurani rinobatanidzwa pakusikwa metende "Hermitage".

Chevakinsky akanga mukuru wengarava mapurani. Aitungamirira kuvakwa dzokuchengetera pachitsuwa "New Holland" uye kwakasimbiswa zano yokuvaka Kronstadt. Elizabethan Baroque akaita Chevakinsky akava chaiwo maitiro. Architects vanowanzoshandisa Matanda mbiru zvitatu akajeka kumakona, akaita balconies simbi uye mumabhuraketi ane maruva muenzaniso.

St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral

The chikuru yemudzimu Chevakinsky - St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral. Riri munzvimbo St. Nicholas nzvimbo St. Petersburg uye ndiyo imwe vamiririri Elizabethan Baroque yakaisvonaka.

Cathedral yakavakwa kubva 1753 kusvika 1762 gore. In mashoko Kuvaka muchinjikwa. Huru decoration maatomu akafanana Nicholas Cathedral ndivo mbiru vokuKorinde, stucco Trim, mumwe entablement ndokugadzira mizariro pamusoro balconies. Building pfungwa uchikwira shanu gilded cupolas.

Elizabethan Baroque, vane zvinhu zviri munyaya ino ndiyo asisiri koshesa manyorerwo afa Elizabeth. Izvi mapurani kuitika zvinenge kupararira dzematunhu maguta. Zvisinei, wokugadzira kunooneka kwete chete mubasa St. Petersburg vemifananidzo. Elizabethan Baroque ari mudzidziso mabasa ezvivako muMoscow, kunyanya D. V. Uhtomskogo uye I. F. Michurina.