Zviyo uye Oilseeds

The zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa kuparadzwa daily hwevanhu nyika, nechokwadi chinokosha bazi zvokurima - chirimwa kugadzirwa, nheyo iyo nguva dzose vaionekwa mbeu uye oilseeds. Ngatimbotaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoumba ari indasitiri, kuita uye tarisiro.

bota

Zviyo vanoumba simba kupfuura chikamu yose Vhoriyamu anobudiswa selskhozproduktov yose. Ivo vachikura 60% yose arable nyika uye acreage inogarwa zvizere dzimwe inoti. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo tsika idzi anokosha hwaro zvinovaka muviri chavagari upi nyika, chikuru chikamu zvokudya mhuka uye anodiwa mbishi zvinhu kazhinji rinokosha zhinji nzvimbo indasitiri. Vanenge 80% zviyo vhoriyamu kwenyika vakagaramo gorosi, chibage nomupunga. Tiudzei nezvezvirimwa izvi.

gorosi

Kubvira kare, tsika chinhu aitungamirira zviyo. Selection basa pamusoro pokumuka itsva, zvakawanda nemishonga nemarudzi haagumiri kunyange kweawa, saka kuti munyika dzakasiyana vachikwegura dzakashandisa veko ezvinhu mhando. Chinonyanya zvibereko nzvimbo kurima chipiriso ichi vanoonekwa pamapani America uye Canada, asi Argentine tsika arable nyika, Russia, Australia, China uye dzimwe nyika uye makondinendi.

mupunga

By ukuru zvirimwa mupunga, sadza zvokudya vanhu kunyika Asian, rakava wechipiri munyika. tsika iyi - huru chezvinonhuwira dzakawanda maindasitiri nzvimbo, tsvina iyo chinamatidzwa zvipfuwo zvokudya zvacho. Chaicho michina nekuda kurima mupunga zvinogoneka chete nyorovera dzinopisa, saka kwayo nharaunda okuwana inoona nezvenjodzi kuzivikanwa kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kunyika yacho Asian. The undisputed mutungamiriri kurima uye kuunganidzwa mupunga - China, zvikuru vagadziri - Japan, Thailand, India.

zviyo

Kushandisa kwayo chinyakare: zvokudya zvevanhu nezvemhuka chirimwa. Mexican-kuzvarwa zviyo - kupisa-rudo chirimwa, kurima uko pfungwa munzvimbo nemamiriro okunze, kudziya unozvidzora latitudes. The chikuru nzvimbo inogadzirwa ndivo mumapani American, riri kurutivi rwezasi Lakes Great. The exporters pakukura zviyo vakaziva nyika North uye South America.

oilseeds

Maorivhi ndivo miti, michero kana mbeu iyo pave mafuta anonhuwirira.

Mbeu oilseeds ane kusvika 60% mafuta uye ndivo hwaro kubudisa miriwo mafuta kuva chikafu chaizvo kana neunyanzvi zvaanoreva. Ivo anoshandiswa sezvo chikafu kana mbishi zvokuvakisa vasapedze uye lubricants, zvinoshandiswa kubikira, confectionery, canning, mishonga uye munhuwi maindasitiri, mune pendi mukugadzira uye nevamwe.

Nokuti oilseeds muri botanical mhando dzakasiyana mhuri: nhanga, muorivhi, bhinzi, Beech, nemipaini, Euphorbiaceae, yasnotkovyh uye vamwe vakawanda. Vakawanda vavo, mazita emhuri miti izvi kwakakwana chinosanganisira zvinopfuura 30 madunhurirwa. Anonhuwirira yakabereka kwavari, ikozvino vanoumba 70% uwandu mafuta ukapisa munyika.

Progressive pfungwa Kutsiviwa kwemafuta mhuka pamwe miriwo uye hama Kuwanikwa zvigadzirwa aya yekudyidzana kwakawedzera kusimba kugadzirwa dzavo uye rokutengesa mumakore achangopfuura. Dzichiri kusimukira kushandisa kurima mafuta, kuderedza kunze kwenyika kwemafuta chokuita kukura yayo zvivako kuti kubudiswa uye kutengesa haasisiri yakatsvuka zvinhu uye wapedza zvigadzirwa.

Oilseed zvirimwa miti tinazvo ehupfumi zvinokosha toning - tii, Rubiaceae (coffee), Malvaceae (koko). Ivo dzabudapo shoma chaizvo munzvimbo - .. In dzinopisa uye subtropics, kureva nzvimbo inoshandiswa iri kusimbiswa munyika dzinoverengeka South Asian - Malaysia, India uye nevamwe.

Features oilseed Kugadzirwa muRussia

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Russia vakawanda munzvimbo riri dzinodengenyeka ane nani hasha ekunze, uye chirimwa nzvimbo kusimbiswa dzinodziya uye Continental latitudes (muna Volga nharaunda, Siberia, Prikavkaze, ivo Urals uye Far East) kuti zvetsika zvokurima nemauto, kusanganisira kurima oilseeds zvirimwa kutanga kuzviita. zvekurima kugadzirwa mu Russia anofukidza zhinji chirimwa kugadzirwa kwemauto, kuwedzera kurima zvekumwe zvinomera, kukodzera epamba ezvinhu.

Three hukuru mhando zviyo, maiziva sezvo oilseeds Russian - Sunflower, soybean, canola. zvirimwa zvavo kugara hectares anenge mamiriyoni 4 uye vari kurimwa chokuwana mafuta uye furawa rurefu zvinoriumba mapuroteni. The mafuta akashandiswa kubika, kudya - sezvo chikamu zvokudya mhuka.

Zvinhu kukanganisa kurima zvirimwa uye nzendo zviitwe

Kukura miti izvi runotsamira evasingatombonamati miganhu zvinhu on: ari okunze unhu, akafanana uye hwevhu, nzvimbo yomugariro. Somuenzaniso, mune dzisinganayi dzinodengenyeka pakaoma zviyo havaratidzi dzakabudirira uye yakakwirira mwando kana rinorema mvura rokumavirazuva kuwana zvakanaka gorosi zvirimwa. Saka, basa rinokosha kwekuronga anogara dzakatsaukira Vhoriyamu zvirimwa uye zvaidiwa zvinodiwa nedzimwe miti pamwe okunze enzvimbo iyoyo.

Kune 4 matanho, izvo akakamurwa yose muitiro okuwana yezviyo uye oilseeds:

• mbeu mubhedha gadziriro;

• kudyara;

• kukohwa;

• kupa chengetedzo uye yokufambisa zvinogona vatengi kana processors.

Next, ngatimbotaura pamusoro kurimwa oilseeds, achitora huru yakadyarwa kunharaunda Russia.

sunflower

Vachimiririra oilseed sunflower - ichiita mabasa akawanda chirimwa. Pairi pane nguva dzose refu kudiwa munyika, sezvo unorema miriwo mafuta akaita kubva sunflower iri. Mafuta akakurumbira yakakwirira gustatory unhu panguva kugadzirwa zvakanaka ane vakachenesa nouipi. Zvakadzama yezvinoreva kudyiwa chigadzirwa ichi: kwakanyorwa vaizviti kudyiwa, akashandiswa zvaAtemisi pendi, varnishes, rinochiwedzera uye lubricants, mune sipo zvokuita. Waste - cake kudya - vari shasha hwaro kugadzirwa mhuka zvokudya. Kurimwa somunhu Sora chirimwa sunflower uye kwazvo nenyuchi chirimwa. Nokuedza Breeders akaberekwa ari mutsika, kunyange rabha-mhando.
Sunflower chinonyanya zvibereko mune noushamwari dzinodiwa pasi dema yakaorera. Inoda refu kukura mwaka, uye panguva maruva - zvakakwana yakakwirira tembiricha (25-30˚S) hwevhu uye kuchengeteka. Maximum akazivisa Goho matani 45 muzana hectare. Kupfuura kubudirira kurima sunflower kuRussia ndivo Southern, Central uye Volga batana nemaruwa.

soybean

Oilseeds uye ari chizvarwa East Asia - Sou. It achangobva kurimwa munyika, asi zviri nevakawanda zvikuru uye ane nzvimbo nharaunda huru iri Far East (Amur Region uye Khabarovsk Territory) uye Black Earth, vakaisawo Stavropol uye Krasnodar Territory. Limited nzvimbo soybean kurimwa sezvo tsika refu mazuva, zvinodiwa ane zvakakwana nyorovera uye kwoushamwari okunze. Market vanoongorora akaisa mberi kutaura kuti mashomanana akatevera, zvirimwa soyabhinzi kaviri somugumisiro guru kusarudzwa basa, migumisiro nhasi inhamba kuzivikanwa mhando dzakashandisa zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu kukura.

The zvishomanana Sou kudyiwa ari zvokudya indasitiri kuRussia compensates kuramba vachiwedzera kudiwa sechiratidzo exportable chigadzirwa, vanoda kutenga kwose. Uyezve, kubva pakutanga remakore zvave nomusiyano kuwedzera kudyiwa mhuka zvokudya Sou anotsanangura kungotaurwa inopfumisa akanaka.

manikidza

Mhuri huru inonzi "oilseed" hunosanganisira chibharo, wokukudza acreage izvo waiva mumwe Russian agrarian negwaro pokutanga. Nhasi, canola zvirimwa vakasvika mamiriyoni 1 hectares. Canola mafuta ukashingairira unsaturated mafuta acids - zvokudya zvakaisvonaka. Kunze, zviri nani kuti Sunflower, achitora kutungamirira chinzvimbo kuRussia, saka musika chigadzirwa ichi inosimbiswa nokuda foreseeable ramangwana.

Rape sezvo zvinokosha zvokudya uye uchi netsika. Green zvakawanda uye mbeu vanopiwa mhuka, ane zvokudya anodzokororwa uye dongo kubva kugadzirwa mafuta - keke uye kudya. Ya maruva oilseed chibharo - mazuva 30, iyo rinobvumira kushandiswa zvirimwa sezvo zvokudya nokuda nyuchi.

Cherechedzawo phytosanitary mugumisiro tsika uye kukwanisa kwayo kuunganidza muvhu makemikari nyaya, nani zvikuru mamiriro.

Saka, oilseeds uye nechipo miti ndiwo musimboti zvokurima - chirimwa.