Agriculture: oilseeds. Shrovetide Russian tsika

Pancake uye zvirimwa ndiwo nzvimbo inokosha mune zvokurima munharaunda yacho Russian Federation. Mafuta, iyo zvinobviswa mbeu dzavo uye michero, vari kunyanya kukosha.

Oilseeds: mazita zvinomera

Plantings zvinoshandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya, kuita somumwe chikuru mbishi zvinhu okurima kugadzirwa. Rakajairika Shrovetide Russian tsika - chibharo, netsanga, soybean Castor, sunflower. The Pamazita rinewo perilla, lallemantia, sesame, safflower, nzungu uye nevamwe vakawanda. Processing zvirimwa mafuta ndechimwe chikuru zvakataurwa Primary Industries.

sunflower

Iye vakuru zvawanyora, iro rinotaura Pancake munda zvirimwa. Sunflower National ndima akatanga kukudziridza pezana remakore rechi18. With chaiyo nguva ino oilseeds kuparadzira Kuban, Saratov uye Voronezh nharaunda. By pakutanga World Second sunflower unehanya mamiriyoni 3. Ha. Chinokosha kukura chirimwa ichi inogona kuonekwa kuBulgaria, Hungary uye Romania.

Statistical umboo hunotsigira Russian Federation

The zvinogona zvibereko sunflower anenge 4-5 matani por hectare. Muna 2011, munyika Southern nharaunda indices 14,5 c / ha, uye muna Volga - 10.7 c / Ha. Farms yakabereka vanenge 27% of tsika. The huru Zvikonzero ndivo yakaderera goho uye agronomic zvinetso majana kurimwa nzira. Pamwe ichi hachisi rokupedzisira kukosha kwechirwere tupukanana, zvirwere uye tupukanana. Zvisinei, sunflower - mutengo-inobudirira zvikuru zvirimwa, mukuru-mafuta. Muna 2006-2010 mugove chirimwa chake rakanga anenge 12%. Pakati nevakawanda zviratidzi okuwana sunflower zvirimwa mafuta akatora 80%. MuSoviet nguva yakanga vaidavira kuti chinonyanya rakakwana pollination hectare kubudirira chete 0.5-1 nyuchi mhuri. Pakazosvika mangwanani 70s uchi negoho Zvaifungidzirwa pa 16.3-3.5 makirogiramu / Ha. Kubvira nguva yekudyidzana zvakawedzera ndandanda VaNefirimu uye akasiyana sunflower dzabudapo Russia.

Muviri ukoshi sunflower

The mafuta kunoshanda chikuru chigadzirwa kugadzira tsika. Uyezve zviri kuwanikwa kubva sunflower siyana divi zvokudya. Somuenzaniso, imwe chete mutengo ndiko kushandiswa chirimwa dzakanzi iri pulp indasitiri. Ivo kuuya sezvakarayirwa 40-48% kubva cellulose. Uyezve, sunflower pemashanga zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira faibha mapuranga. chirimwa kwakapararira mune zvokurima - rinoshandiswa senzira zvokudya chirimwa. In wakaoma kuguma chirimo panguva chirimwa kudyara kwazviri zvakasvibirira gobvu yapihwa. Iyewo, chimbuzi silage.

Pancake Mufurakisi

It wakatandavarira kunyanya yakaoma uye ushamwari kumatunhu. Kunyanya, tsika rapera muna Western, Central neSouth Asia, South, North uye Central America. Recently wakaitwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuedza kuziva feasibility kuti kurima yaro muna Central Europe. Pancake Mufurakisi ane mapazi pasi chirimwa. Inokura kusvika 50-80 cm., Zvichienderana Mapazi anoumba dzezvimwe zvichisiyana 2 kusvika 10 uye zvakawanda. mafuta neshinda inoshandiswa zvokudya indasitiri. Uyezve, anoshumira mbishi zvinhu nokuda pendi nematehwe uye shangu indasitiri. Miti yoruchinda keke ane yakakwirira muviri kukosha uye rinoshandiswa mukugadzirira Kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe chikafu dheri mombe. It aripo mapuroteni, nokusanzwira mafuta. Yomucheka keke zvikuru ozeyewa mombe nyore. Nokuda inotonhorera zvinoriumba chipo mairi, kuwedzera goho, kuwedzera chikamu mafuta mumukaka. Miti yoruchinda mashanga inogona kushandiswa iri zvaAtemisi kunyora mapepa. Uyewo, zvirimwa izvi mafuta anoshandiswa neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga.

Kunyanya kurima neshinda

kubudiswa tsika iyi isati yechimurenga Russia chaiva chinyakare. Chete muSoviet nguva rehurumende uye mumapurazi vaigona kuwedzera zvirimwa. Izvi kwave kubudirira kuburikidza kushandiswa kwemichina. Anorimwa zvirimwa kunyanya unosvikirwa pasina branching nechepasi, asi vane bazi kubva pakati hunde. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika shinda yefurakisi inoshandiswa kugadzira pepa kana cottonization. Kugadzirwa ichi inowanikwa zvikuru America. Chokumisa Shrovetide Mufurakisi kazhinji simba kupfuura Kukosa, uye ine fibers duku.

chena masitadhi

zvirimwa ichi mafuta akabva Mediterranean, Eastern India uye Western Europe. Kubvira kare, netsanga rinoshandiswa senzira somushonga miriwo uye zvinonhuhwirira. Sezvo oilseeds Rakashandiswsa ichangopfuura. Pasinei ndezvenguva Yarov yecocoa, ine shoma kuparadzira. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, netsanga anoita somunhu zvenguva zvokudya chirimwa.

soybean

Ichi chinhu wepagore miriwo yose bhinzi mhuri. In soybean mudzi chaiwo utachiona chipo, nokuda izvo kutendeuka rinoitwa senitrogen huri zvakatipoteredza. Sou mapuroteni mupfumi (40-45%), mafuta (20%), makabhohaidhiretsi (30%). Rinewo siyana chicherwa zvinhu (anenge 5-6%). In mapuroteni uye amino iine acid Zvinoumba kutaridza soybean ichaongororwa ari pedyo analogue kuti mhuka zvokudya. Mukugadzira zvinomera richikura nguva dzose. Saka, zvakanga pachiyero 156,5 mln. Matani. Nhamba iyi akapfuudza yemagazini 1991-1995 ne 30% kubva 1998 gore.

soybean achikura nharaunda

In Russia nhasi anenge 280 matani bhinzi pagore. Vazhinji vavo inoshandiswa dzokudya zvinangwa. Huru soybean kukura munzvimbo:

1. North eCaucasus, Rostov nharaunda., Krasnodar nharaunda Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Pane riri pamusoro 9.6% uye kurimwa rinoitwa anopfuura 13% kwakakomba goho.
2. Far East (Amur Region., Khabarovsk uye Primorsky Krai). In mapazi ichi, pane zvinopfuura 88% zvirimwa. Ratio chakakomba zvibereko ET ndiyo 86% munyika.
3. Eastern uye Western kuSiberia, Ural uye Volga kumatunhu. Pane riri anenge 1,5% zvirimwa rinoitwa uye sezvakarayirwa 1% kwakakomba goho.

nzungu

zvirimwa izvi mafuta vaitenga kubva Turkey muna 1792. Muna 1825 kutanga kuedza acclimate muna Odessa nzungu vakatorwa. Nhasi, munzvimbo duku chirimwa rapera muna chinoda of Caucasus uye Central Asia. Nzungu hunokudziridzwa kubudisa mafuta dzinodyiwa kubva mbeu dzayo. Mugove chigadzirwa chakaita kuti vanenge 53% yose inowanwa. Kana padanho mapuroteni muna nzungu, zviri muduku mumwe Sou. Mumwe pub hulled mbeu paavhareji, kubva 226 kusvika 317 makirogiramu mafuta. Zvikurukuru, chigadzirwa ichi rinoshandiswa confectionery uye canning Mazinga. The milled mbeu nzungu zvinoshandiswa sezvo yokuvirisa panguva zvaAtemisi chokoreti. Misoro uye bagasse zvinoshandiswa sezvo zvadzinofura mhuka. Muchidyiro aripo kusvika 11% mapuroteni. By muviri mutengo wayo haasi muduku misoro apila uye chemombe. Nokuti zvokudya indasitiri chaiwo mhando vari akura. Vane bhinzi munuhwi. The zvakakangwa mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana zvokudya zviri kudyiwa, akapwanyika kushandiswa sezvo yokuvirisa kuti confectionery zvigadzirwa.