TU-143: nhoroondo yokusika. Description kuvakwa

Kudiwa ungwaru shure muvengi mitsetse nepakati vamakumi mashanu, panguva mavambo pavanotaurirana kuti hukuru chinzvimbo munyika pakati United States neSoviet Union, yave kuzivikanwa kukosha unmanned ndege. Zvino aigarira michina iri basa munyika dzakawanda munyika uye uwandu kukura kwayo. Asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuti "akangwara" ndege, iyo inoshandiswa kusvikira zvino, aiva Soviet Union, nokusika hunoshamisa ushori motokari sezvo TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Ayakaita?

Chinyakare kushandisa unmanned motokari muchimiro Balloons kununura mabhomba yeAustria mauto rakakombwa muVenice akanga yomusi 1849 gore. Hafu yezana remakore, Nikola Tesla akagadzira uye rakatangwa muna tsika, chikepe redhiyo-kudzorwa. Uye muna 1910 US uto injiniya Charles Kettering yakavakwa uye vaedzwa zviitiko akawanda unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari (UAVs), asi rinoshanda kushanda havana kuwana.

The thirties vakanga kwakaratidzwa kukura anozvipira akakwanisa Michina reusable muUK. In kufanana kuvamba ichi, muSoviet Union mugadziri Nikitin akasika Avangard-giraidha uye kunyange vakagadzirawo Avangard ine zvakawanda 100 km, asi yasara papepa. Muna 1940, masayendisiti German zvave rwendo chombo, kutanga kushandiswa muhondo, uye ndege injini.

Yakanga chete pashure Second World War akatanga maoko nhangemutange mumunda unmanned pakati kunyika iri Warsaw chibvumirano uye NATO, nokuda umo achiri kushandiswa UAVs, kusanganisira "Flight" TU-143.

Mugadzi UAV "Flight"

Muna 1956, munyika yose Organization ari Warsaw chibvumirano chingashamwaridzana mauto vakapinda Hungary kudzvinyirira Anti nokukurumidza pfungwa. Munguva imwe chete Tupolev akasika backroom "K", ane basa iri kutanga zvigadzirwa "C". Kwapera gore, Council of Vashumiri USSR pamusoro avhiyesheni kuchikosha teregiramu asati asvika semhosva "Kurangana" pamusoro unoda kutiza bvunzo zvinhu "C" iri rechina kota 1958.

Pasi encrypted chigadzirwa chisikwa UAV yakavanzwa. kukudziridza pfungwa raiva AN Tupolev. chigadzirwa muchivande simbi monoplane pamwe yakatsvairwa bapiro chimiro. Nokukurumidza basa yakagadzirira kuti kuvhunduka unmanned gadziriro aigona kure 10 zviuru. Km adzikinure zvombo zvenyukireya, asi harina chinozoiswa kubudikidza nomurayiro NS Khrushchev.

Intelligence midziyo nokuzvidzora piloting "Hawk" TU-123, izvo akava mugadzi of TU-143, akaita ndege yayo yokutanga muna 1961. Kusiyana kwacho ndege, zviri pachena chikamu mamiriro akanga ungwaru midziyo pane warhead yenyukireya.

Kusakwana "Hawk" uye kuti "Reis"

A yokutanga chinetso chinoziviswa miedzo TU-123 simbi kupisa anenge fotolyuki iri ndege kumhanya kuti 2700 km / h wakafukidzwa makatsemuka. dambudziko iri, mainjiniya Soviet vakasarudza kushandisa kutenga wokuBrazil Goldstone jecha riri chokumupomera kwemashandisirwo aro zvokurapa michina. Hazvina kubva zvinhu izvi mbishi rwaiwanikwa kupisa nemishonga magirazi, uye ipapo yepamusoro mifananidzo.

Zvakaipira chechipiri chaiva kukwana akaitwa "Hawk", iro ichishanda anodzokororwa chiridzwa mupanda chete, vamwe UAV vaiva chenhando. vatungamiriri munyika vakanzwisisa kudiwa kukura munhu anonunurwa unmanned kunzwisisa nenjere. Akanga Papera chakazonzi "Flight" TU-143. Nhoroondo UAV rinotanga panopindwa omubatanidzwa mauto kupinda Czechoslovakia uye mashoko vatungamiri Soviet Union idzva basa Tupolev nezvokuvaka anunura munhu ushori UAV.

Kusikwa "Reis"

Ushande Implementation ari zvokuvakisa itsva mumunda UAVs wakapera. Makore maviri gare gare, "Flight" akatoita kutiza wayo wokutanga. Pashure 4 Makore miedzo uye kuvandudza, muna 1976, vava kutaridza vakagamuchirwa mauto eSoviet. Zvinobudirira kurapa tactical njere - sezvo inozivikanwa muna TU-143 mauto. Kugadzirwa prototypes vari uwandu zvidimbu 10 vakatengeswa muna Bashkiria muna 1973. Nokukurumidza akatanga Serial kugadzirwa idzva kunzwisisa. Kwemakore 10 (kusvikira 1980) yakabereka anokwana 950 zvidimbu.

Kusunungurwa zvakaoma yakazadzika mushanduro zviviri: chokutanga - pamwe Photographic midziyo; wechipiri - pamwe terevhizheni. Mukuwedzera, UAV akanga vakapakata nemwaranzi vasabatwa nzira. Muna 1985, pahwaro "Kings" Tupolev mainjiniya ndakasika munhu chipfuro kuti vakabudirira vakapfuura ehurumende nemiedzo.

Chinomuwana mhepo nhare - ichi chinowanikwa TU-143. Vakabata 6 nyika yakanga "Flight": USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Siria, Romania. Zvino akanga ari Ukraine uye Russia.

ramangwana

Munguva tactical ndege ushori yakaoma zvinoberekwa zvemuchadenga mifananidzo ukaramba mashoko pamusoro Photographic firimu. For operative mabasa akashandiswa Tu-143 TV michina. Vose Mhando njere mabasa rwaiitwa masikati. Daro kuti anosarudza kudzika kupinda pakati UAV ari muvengi waMwari shure, dzinoratidzwa zviratidzi muna 60-70? Km.

The "kutiza" pamusoro zvakaoma:

• Kutanga kuzvipira propelled pane mhepo kumhanya asingapfuuri 15 m / s.
• Mission Control tichibatsirwa ane zvoga pamusoro-bhodhi hurongwa (Absu).
• Inogona chiite kutiza nzira.
• Collection uye Kuchengetedzwa yenjere achibatsirwa Photographic uye terevhizheni michina.
• Mukana Pakusarudza mwaranzi kwezvakatipoteredza.
• Chokuendesa mashoko pane imwe nguva uye kuburikidza redhiyo mugero pasi murayiro mbiru.

TU-143: kuvaka tsananguro

UAV "Flight" ane nemamwe ehupfumi radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, mumwe mukuru vagadziri zvinganaka kuti chinokosha kuchengetedzwa. Kiel, bapiro yokutenda, iyo parachuti mudziyo, yepamhino ari ndege zvakaitwa vasiri esimbi zvinhu. Zvinokwanisika kuita hapana chinomuwana njere yakaoma.

Zvayakaita, kuti midziyo fuselage rine nezvikamu zvina: uta, ari onboard zvokushandisa, mumwe mafuta tangi, injini nacelle pamwe parachuti mugaba. In kuoneke chikamu zvakaoma yaiva ushori michina. The mupanda chakagadzirwa Washington City Offices uye anoitarisira fotolyuka.

UAV nyika yakafanira tricycle kumhara giya. Front rutsigiro iri mupanda wechipiri, uye vamwe vaviri anowanika kubva bapiro aenzana. Akamedura uye nokusima parachutes aiendeswa damping chinjikira uye wehunyambiri kumhara nokukurumidza.

udzvanyiriri

Ushori kunzwisisa akashandiswa Afghanistan uye hondo yeRebhanoni. Pashure pokuwa Soviet Union vakawanda UAVs kuramba munharaunda Ukraine.

Muna 2001 aiva zvaimushungurudza nyaya uchishandisa TR-143 chokurovedza zvinangwa sokunge. Airliner TU-154 yakadonha apo, dzikavauraya vanenge 80 vanhu. Chikonzero aiva masanga raparadza chombo rakagadzirirwa UAV "Flight."

Ona Tu-143 (zviitiko), sezvo munhu akachengetedzwa Exhibits zvinobvira munzvimbo dzakadaro:

• The Aviation Museum muKiev.
• Museum emauto michina uye zvombo Spadshchansky Forest.
• Muguta Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Central Airport muMoscow.
• Museum of Air Force muna Monino.

TU-143: LTH

• Weight - 1230 makirogiramu.
• Length - 8,06 m.
• Urefu - 1,545 m.
• Wing Span - 2.24 m.
• Bapiro Area - 2,9 mamita ^2.
• Minimum kukwira - 10 mamita.
• ndege nguva - maminitsi 13.
• Engine Type - TRD TR3-117.
• Kudzika kuita - 95? Km.
• Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 950 km / h.