Zvibereko ndezvisina-mbeu uye mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana. Imwe-mbeu ndeye chibereko chei?

Zvizhinji zvezvose mumabasa ake ehupfumi, vanhu vanoshandisa michero yemiti. Juicy peaches, anonhuwira strawberries, tomate aibva, avo vakasiyana-siyana avocados - munhu wese anogona kusarudza kurapa kunonaka. Asi pasinei nekusiyana kwakasiyana siyana kwemarudzi, michero yose inowanzova yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Ngationgororei pamusoro pezvo.

Chibereko chii?

Muchero iyi maruva akachinjwa. Inoratidzika mushure mekugadzirisa kwekusvibisa nekugadzira. Zvibereko zvinoumbwa chete nekuda kwemaruva emaruva. Nokudaro, vanogona kuzvirumbidza chete nemaruva (angiosperms) vamiririri veumambo hwemiti. Hazvisi zvipfeko zvakakwirira, uye gymnosperms haibvumbi, uye naizvozvo hazviiti michero.

Pane nharo yokuti munhu akawana maruva eefern anopiwa nemashiripiti. Asi masayendisiti ave achisimbisa kwenguva refu kuti miti inonzi spore haigadziri maruva.

Chechipiri kusanzwisisika ndechokuti maonde ari michero yemafungiro. Botany anoramba izvi. Gymnosperm conifers haibvumi, uye naizvozvo haigoni kuumba michero. Mavhesi epruce nepine ndiwo kungoshandiswa kwepfuti. Uye duku "majiki" ejuniper masayendisiti anodana shishkoyagodami uye zvakare anofungidzirwa kushandiswa kwekupukunyuka.

Maitiro

Kazhinji kazhinji, chikamu chikuru chemucheche chinotorwa ne pericarp inopoteredza mbeu. Zita rechipiri zita re pericarp, iro muchiGiriki zvinoreva "kutenderedza chibereko." Iyi chimiro mumiti yose inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: kunze, mukati uye mukati. Icho chinyorwa chekunze chinoshanda kuchengetedza kurwisana nemagetsi. Saka, inogona kunge yakakosha kana yakasimba. Kukwezva mhuka, kuburikidza nayo iyo mbeu inopararira, iyi yakatsetseka inowanzopenya. Munharaunda yepakati pane kugoverwa kwemvura nemichero inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa uye kukura kwembeu. Iko mukati memukati kunowedzera kuchengetedza mbeu. Semuenzaniso, plum ine chando chekunze kwekunze, chinyorwa chepakati chepakati. Uye mukati inomiririrwa nefupa. Munyaya yeapuro, chimiro chemakamuri ekunze akafanana, uye mukati imomo masero akavharidzirwa ayo mbeu dziripo.

Yakagadzirirwa pericarp kunyanya pamusana pemasvingo eevary (cherry, plum). Dzimwe nguva dzimwe rutivi rwehuta dzinobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwayo: chigadziro, zvigaro zve stamens, sepals, petals.

Mukati pe pericarp, kune mbeu inokura mushure mekuberekwa kubva ku ovule.

Iyo pericarp inochengetedza mbeu kubva mumamiriro asina kunaka, kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwemagetsi uye kudonha kwechando. Iko kuburikidza nehupo hwezvibereko zvinomera mbeu zvinoshandisa nzvimbo yakanyanya mumunda. Mushure mezvose, mbeu yavo inodzivirirwa yakachengetedzwa kubva kunotonhora uye inoshandiswa semugove wezvokudya panguva yekuumbwa kwehutachi. Izvi zvinovapa mukana unokosha pamusoro pepore uye gymnosperms, spores uye mbeu dzisina kudzivirirwa.

Kurongwa

Pamusoro pesarudzo yezvibereko, masayendisiti-taxonomists anoisa zviratidzo zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Maererano nechimiro che pericarp, iwo akaoma uye ane mvura.

A lignified kana leathery pericarp yezvibereko zvakaoma ine zvishoma zvishoma nemvura. Asi yemvura, pane zvinopesana, iine nyama uye ine mishonga yakawanda.

Mukutaura kwenhamba yembeu, mbeu imwe chete uye michero yemarudzi akawanda yakasarudzwa. Kuzvisiyanisa zvakajeka. Imwe-mbeu inobereka michero imwe chete, semuenzaniso plum kana cherry. Peas, sunflowers, mappies inoita michero yakawanda-mbeu. Sezvo zita rinoreva, rine mbeu zhinji.

Chimwe chibereko chakareruka chinoumbwa kubva pane maruva pamwe chete nepestle. Kana pane pistils yakawanda mumaruva, nhamba yakakodzera yemafomu maduku akaumbwa inoumbwa. Vose pamwe chete vanoumba zvakaoma kana zvigadziriswa, somuenzaniso raspberries kana mazinga machena.

Imwe yakasiyana-siyana ndeyekuita. Ndivanaani? Iyo inoumbwa nekunyanya kwezvibereko zvega. Muzvisikwa, zvinogona kuwanika mumarubheri kana chinanasi.

Mbeu imwe chete-mbeu

Zvibereko zvine mbeu imwe zvinogona kuva zvose zvinonaka uye zvakaoma. Mbeu dzakaoma-mbeu dzakaoma dzinoparadzirwa mune zvakasikwa. Izvo zvakakosha mune zvehupfumi. Saka, kofi - chibereko chemuti wekofi - inoshandiswa kuita chinwiwa chinopisa chinonhuwira. Michero ye oak acorns inowedzera mu starch. Inoshandiswa sekudya kwemhuka. Imwe-mbeu ndeyomuarimondi - michero inonhuwira ine unhu hunokosha hwekunaka.

Mbeu dzine tsvina dzine mbeu imwe chete dzinoshumira sechido chaunoda kuchibata mhuka nevanhu. Cherry, cherry, peach, apricot, plum - juicy uye inotapira inonaka kumunhu wose.

Mbeu imwe chete yakaomeswa

Muzvirimwa zvinomera, pericarp inonyatsopindirana nemucheka wehomwe. Nokudaro, mbeu inowanzonzi mbeu. Mienzaniso yemiti yakadai ihu, rye, gorosi, gorosi, feather grass.

Mbeu inobva kuzviyo inoratidzirwa nekuti inonzi pericarp haina kubatana nemucheka wenguvo. Zvibereko zvakadaro mu asters, chrysanthemums uye sunflowers.

Kuti uwane kuti chibereko chipi chinonzi mbeu-imwe, unogona kuziva chimiro che lionfish. Hericarp yake inopinda mukati meganda uye inoparadzira mbeu yemadota, birch, linden uye yakasvibiswa nerubatsiro nemhepo, semapapiro.

Imwe-mbeu ndeye chibereko chemuti. Iye ane lignified pericarp. Hazvishamisi kuti vamwe vanhu vanofananidzwa naye, vachimudana kuti nhu rakaoma.

Mbeu imwe chete inobereka michero

Nekugadzirwa kwezvibereko zvinonaka zvinogona kuwanikwa pamuenzaniso wepafu, umo zvese zvitatu zvakajeka zvakajeka. Iine chiganda chekatehwe, mesocarp yemhuka uye endocarp inowanikwa, inoita pfupa. Mbeu yakasarudzwa-isina mbeu yemapfupa mumapfupa ine mbeu.

Pasinei nechimiro chakajeka cheyunifomu, vanosiyana kune mumwe kune zvimwe zvinhu. Uyu ndiwo ruvara rweganda rekunze kwekunze, ukuru hwe fetus uye chimiro chayo. Unhu hunokosha hwekudya hunokonzerwa nekuvapo kwepakati pezvinyorwa zvisikwa.

Dombo rinodzivirira mbeu inonziwo mu-muti. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine muenzaniso wayo wakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mapfupa e cherries nemaapricko ari akanyorova, peach inodurwa nemiraya yakadzika, uye plums inenge yakaoma.

Imwe-mbeu ndeye chibereko chemaraspberry nemabharire. Kunyange zvazvo nechokunze vanotarisa sechibereko chimwe chete, chaizvoizvo ivo vari maduku mashoma, anoshamwaridzana, - kuwirirana.

Chimiro chechimiro chedu ibwe chiratidzo chinotarisa mhando dzechirimwa. Mhando yezvibereko ndeye vamiri vemhuri yeRosaceae.

Dry multifamous fruit

Mbeu dzisina-mbeu, mienzaniso yadzo yakatotaurwa kare, haisati yakakurumbira muzvisikwa kupfuura hama dzavo dzakawanda. Pashure pezvose, kana pane mbeu zhinji, muti wacho une mikana yakawanda yekukura uye kupona.

Zvibereko zvakaoma zvinogona kuvhurwa uye zvisati zvasvinudzwa. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira bhinzi rinotanga kumativi ose, uye mbeu dziri mairi dzinowanikwa pamashizha (pezi, nyemba, alfalfa, clover).

Iyo podhi, iyo inoratidzika semhondi, ine septum pakati pechibereko, iyo mbeu inosanganiswa nayo. A pod isiri yepod, iyo inopesana chete muhukuru. Chibereko cheganda rine kabichi, masadhi, kubata, matthiol, uye pod - chikwama chomufudzi, yarutka, klopovnik, nezvimwewo.

Iyo capsule inotanga nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: mupoppy uye hohlatka - nemarticles ari kumusoro, mumapupa uye mumichero - nekubatsirwa kwechivako, kuputika - mu geraniums uye violets.

Leaflet iyi yakaoma mbeu yakawanda inobhururuka kune rumwe rutivi. Inogona kuwanikwa mudumbu uye caluzhnitsa.

Imiti inofadza ndeyevhu. Maruva uye michero inoumba pasi pevhu. Nokuti izvi zvinonzi peanut.

Juicy multi-mbeu michero

Zvibereko zvemufananidzo uyu zvinewo kuravira kwakakosha uye kune hukuru hunokosha mune zvehupfumi. Munhu wese anoziva zvinonaka zvemuchero we currants, blueberries, gooseberries. Mhemberero yavo yekunze ichekete, sey drupe, uye mamwe maviri ari mashizha.

Nezvi zviratidzo izvi, chibereko chibereko chetamato - nyanya dzose dzinofarira - uye mbatata. Zvibereko zvembatata hazvibviri uye zvinotyisa, nokuti zvinosanganisira alkaloid solanine. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera utsinye hwakakomba hwomuviri.

Muchero weSrobberry unomiririrwa nemuti wakakura mumusoro, munyama yadzo yakakonzerwa nemiti mutsva - mbeu yewaini yebriji kana strawberries.

Iyo apuro haimere chete pamapula miti. Icho chimiro che fetus ine chekucheka chekunze nechepakati mukati. Uye mukati inomiririrwa nemakamuri efirimu, iyo inodzivirira zvakasimba mbeu. Zvibereko zvakadaro zvine pear, quince, ashberry.

Sezvaunogona kuona, michero yakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirisa uye mumamiriro akasiyana. Inoshandiswa pakubereka mbeu dzinokosha, kuparadzira nekuchengetedza mbeu. Uye nokuda kwekuwanika kwezvinhu zvinovaka uye kunakidza kunakidza maitiro chinhu chinokosha chigadzirwa chemhuka nevanhu.