Zingi chloride uye kukosha kwayo kuti munhu

Zingi chloride ndiyo makemikari remubatanidzwa wenyika zvinhu zviviri - zingi uye kuiisa chlorine - uye runotaurwa ne nzira ZnCl2. Ichi acho ndiwo crystals chena.

Zingi chloride iri zvine soluble nemvura - mumupanda tembiricha, ayo solubility ndiyo 80%. Chloride inonyunguduka pa 322 ° C, uye mamota pa 722 ° C.

Zingi chloride inotengwa nenzira mbiri. Musimboti First: zingi kana oxide wayo soluble mune hydrochloric acid, kunoguma musanganiswa mhinduro pashure rakanga Ipwa. Musimboti Second: zingi (mvura) riri nenharo mune norwizi kuiisa chlorine.

Hydrolysis kunoitika panguva zingi chloride uye nokuo- nga ane mutoo: ZnCl2 + H2O = ZnOHCl + HCl. Svikiro, kuti vakawana mhinduro - acid.

Industrial kugadzirwa zingi chloride anogadzirwa kaviri: zvikukutu uye mvura. In hwakasimba chimiro, nefuma anofanira kuva muchimiro flakes chena, akabvumira zvishomanana staining chero ruvara. In mhinduro ine chloride kunofanira Hauoneki kana kuva chiedza yellowish Hue. Kugadzirisa izvi kungaita zvikanganiswe zvishoma.

In hwakasimba chimiro, vanobudisa chikamu chloride anofanira kuva asina asingasviki 97,7%, mu mhinduro - 50%. Zingi chloride hakusi zvinobata moto.

The fuma iri ngozi chaizvo nokuti zvakatipoteredza uye hunhu hwevanhu: zvikukutu ane 2 toxicity. A fuma uchikurukura ganda uye mucous membranes womunhu kana mhuka, inokonzera nokushatiriswa kwenguva yakareba nevanhu ganda kunokonzera kutsva, corrodes tishu. Akaumba nenzira kurapa maronda zvakaoma chaizvo.

Danger uye inomiririra fuma kupinda kufema turakiti. In mishonga diki, izvozvo chinokonzera sekenyedzo mumhino uye huro uye pahuro, yakaoma chikosoro. Inhalation pamusoro yakawanda chloride vanogona dyspnoea uye anonzi Inotubuka afemeruke.

Kana fuma chinofanira maziso, munhu anonzwa zvikuru zvikuru okurwadzisa marwadzo. Kana maziso asina kumboshamba pakarepo, pangava zvachose kana kukwana upofu.

Nokuda toxicity pamusoro zingi chloride, panguva yayo chokufambisa uye kushandiswa nokungwarira hwakanyanya inofanira kuchengetwa. Crystalline zingi chloride mumapepa muhomwe kana ngoma kuti kabhoni simbi, kugadzirisa zvifambiswe kuti chinokosha simbi emiti kana matangi.

Akatakura zvinhu rinoitwa zvose rails uye mugwagwa, uye gungwa zvifambiso. The fuma iri zvifambiswe chete akapfigwa nezvikamu yose apo yokuudza basa munhu anosungirwa kuongorora kuvimbika kavha.

Kana kushanda zingi chloride, vashandi vanofanira kupfeka zvakakodzera nenhanho wevasungwa zviri pafuma mumhepo overalls, rabha Magorovhosi Chipfeko, kuchengeteka magirazi uye haende.

Chero zvazvingava havafaniri kubvumirwa kuonana zingi chloride mumvura miviri uye tsvina enyika.

Zingi chloride inoshandiswa munzvimbo zhinji kugadzirwa. Rinoshandiswa kuti impregnation emapuranga zvikamu pamwe nechinangwa disinfection (semuenzaniso, matanda sleepers). fuma iyi rinobatanidzwa zvaAtemisi faibha, madhayi zhinji, vazhinji mazino cements, donje, zingi cyanide, aruminiyamu uye kunyange vanillin. Uyezve, zingi chloride inoshandiswa kuchenesa hukawanika simbi pamberi kupenda, chromium yakanamirwa pamifananidzo uye pokunamatidza. Rinokosha fuma iyi pakutibatsira wokunatswa mafuta, marasha zvakabudiswa kuongorora uye anogadzira zvinhu electrochemical mabhatiri.

Zingi chloride rinoshandiswawo kudhaya donje nhumbi, wana viscose fibers ive electrolyte - apo galvanizing. Zvichida kushandisa pfuma iri mushonga - sezvo mushonga kuti chinomisa ora; zvegadheni - sezvo micronutrient fetiraiza.

Uyezve, zingi chloride, nokuti ayo penya rinonyatsotevedza kwaniso yekubata mwando kubva mhepo inoshandiswa sezvo desiccant. Uyewo, iye irreplaceable mumoto nyaya, sezvo rinobatanidzwa kugadzirwa moto nemishonga furo uye akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya micheka uye makadhibhokisi.