Yokuronda mapepa Leningrad - bepa

Shoko rinobva kuna Kuongororwa mutauro French - French. calque, izvo zvinoreva kuti gwaro rakanyorwa mabhii rinowanzodhinda mapepa. Pakanga chiedza indasitiri chigadzirwa kwenguva refu nguva - emakore mashoma apfuura, apo vakashandisa kwose ezvivako, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, uye ouinjiniya majors sezvo chero chokuita kukopa mifananidzo, vanodhirowa, uye zvirongwa siyana. Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti negadziriro yeparutivi Kwaiitirwa uchingoti yokuronda papers epakutanga kuvonga ayo pachena, izvozvo chinotsanangura redunhu. Nzira iyi zvakasimba midzi muupenyu hwedu, uye kuti kuchema kana mufaro, rinoshandiswa ikozvino.

Unobvumira kushandiswa yokuronda bepa zvinangwa zvakadaro? Ichokwadi unhu, akadai arambe achirema uye ukobvu (chaizvoizvo - imwe pachena). Transparent yokuronda bepa yepamusoro anogona kuwanikwa nhasi munzira dzakawanda - nokuwedzera mwero kukuya Schopper-Riggleru (anosvika 94 madhigirii) uye calendering. Chechipiri, nzira iyi dzinodhura, asi, maererano, anobvumira kuwana yepamusoro arambe achirema uye kuramba atsamwira panguva yakanaka pachena. Kurimwa akashandisawo mubatanidzwa wavo, somunhu mhando nzwisisa. Pamwe ichi nzira akaenda Somuenzaniso, Developers tracings pamusoro Leningrad, izvo zvakabatsira kuti zvinodiwa bepa Kuongororwa yepamusoro, panguva musoro mutengo mumatunhu. Kana tichienzanisa Soviet tracings unhu (GOST 892-70) akati mapepa tracings Leningrad, kuonekwa sezvo mukuru Gostovskaya rechipiri arambe achirema, simba (kureva. E. ukobvu chezvematongerwe) panguva iyoyo haana vakaderera pachena. chigadzirwa ichi rakashandiswa wokucheresa sechinhu ingi (ingi nokuti Kuongororwa rinoshandiswa kutevedzera vanodhirowa, "sezvechinyakare"), uye "penzura", uye kubvumira kushandisa dzakakwirira kwevari yokuronda mapepa, kunyange kugocha muchoto. Sezvo Kuongororwa ari chaizvoizvo bepa, asi harmlessness yenhengo dzayo anosarudza chikumbiro, kusanganisira zvokudya indasitiri (semuenzaniso, cushioning zvinhu panguva zvokufambisa mishonga). Chinhu zviripo kutaura pamusoro kugadzirwa mapatani apo nokusonera indasitiri, nekuti ipapo pane kumwe inoda yakajeka uye gobvu mashoko kumusoro nemazvo okurwadzisa.

With kukura zvigadzirwa, inonanga, yokuronda mapepa anowana mafomu mishoma chete kopi vanodhirowa, nekuti kwakanga CAD uye kudiwa zvayakaita kunzwisisa vanodhirowa yakanyangarika, asi zvinokosha achiti chigadzirwa yakazviwanira upenyu yechipiri muna digitaalinen kudhinda uye akatevedzera vanodhirowa kubudikidza electrophotography. Uyewo, vazhinji chiedza indasitiri kunyange zvino haagoni kushanda pasina yokuronda mapepa, uyewo kubva makwikwi, zvakaoma veza imwe niche mumusika. Just kumubvunzo kutenga kupi yokuronda mapepa, Wholesale kana Retail, chii mutengo pamusoro yokuronda bepa zvino? Shure zvose, vazhinji Soviet akadzorera kurimwa mumutsetse itsva matepi proizvodstennyh anoshanda mapaipi matsva kuti pave achiritara nechokuenzanisa. Difficulties kuti ape zvitengeswa haina kuchengetwa. On kumusika pane zvigadzirwa zvitsva, zvakadai yokuronda mapepa Leningrad, izvo anovanza unmatched unhu hwavo uye zvakanaka zvitengeswa ezvinhu. The nzira chigadzirwa kusimudzirwa iri nyore - unoziva mubatanidzwa uye kushandiswa vaenzi Soviet yepamusoro uye kwesayenzi zvakagadzirwa, akavonga kuberekwa yokubika akakwana zvinhu.