Silicate muchionioni kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa

Glass - mumwe zvikuru nevanhu, vakatsvaka-pashure zvokuvakisa dzakasiyana mabhora zvoupenyu. Rinoshandiswa rokuvaka uye kupedzisa basa, chinoitwa mukati mabasa Zvakarurama nomucheka uri rinoshandiswa nzvimbo indasitiri. Uyu ndiwo mumwe kutengeka nyore mune akafanana zvinhu. The inonyanya mhando, izvo isu vanowanzosarurwa, uye kushandisa zvigadzirwa kubva pairi - silicate rinoonekera.

Chii?

The mukuru inogadzirwa girazi marozari vanoonekwa kuti akawanikwa Pavaichera muIjipiti, masayendisiti anodavira kuti kuwanikwa makore anopfuura zviuru zvishanu. Kubvira ipapo, girazi akafanana yachinja zvishoma. The chikuru che mashoko acho silica jecha (Si0 ₂₎ - silicate. To izvi akawedzera pasoda, pasoda dota, reraimu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.

In indasitiri kuwana magirazi gobvu yakavhenganiswa oxides wose zvinhu uye muchanyauswa mukati mevira. Utsotso tembiricha kunobva chirungiso, richichinja ehupfumi ari girazi. The zvichiguma gobvu kuumbwa nenzira dzakawanda: kuita sandara magirazi, kunoita yakasiyana chimiro (crockery, rinotaura kuti chandeliers, girazi kuti wachi, etc.), vachiita preform kuti unozotevera kubudiswa boxed magirazi blowers uye zvakawanda.

Kukura girazi kuita zvinokosha mipiro zvakaitwa Lomonosov M. V., Kitaygorodsky ni, aifarira anobatsira parutivi nyaya Mendeleev D. I. nevamwe. Zviri nyore kutsanangura zvinhu "silicate rinoonekera". Chii? A zvinhu ane amorphous yakarongeka, mumwe crystalline mamiriro vakawana akanyauka vakavhengana oxides anoteverwa kutonhora.

Kugadzirwa girazi

The chinokosha nokuda kugadzirwa girazi ndiyo imwe Goldstone jecha, iro vakawedzera kupfuura ari kukura zvokubikisa shanu. Inokosha Pfungwa, zvichienderana mberi kushandiswa mashoko vakawana zvinangwa kuita yokuvirisa: oxidants, opacifiers, decolorisers, madhayi, accelerators uye zvichingodaro. The simbi oxides zvinoshandiswa sezvo colorants. Somuenzaniso, mhangura aizonyatsovachenesa girazi guru dzvuku simbi vachapa yebhuruu kana tsvuku tinge, cobalt oxides kupa rwedenga uye colloidal sirivha - tsvuku.

The akagadzirira yakaoma musanganiswa akapomerwa kuva girazi utsotso chamatare, apo yakatsvuka zvinhu unonyauka panguva tembiricha kuti 1200-1600 ° C panguva kwacho anotora maawa 12 kusvika 96. Glass Manufacturing akapedza nokukurumidza kutonhora kwacho, chete pasi ichi yakaumbwa girazi anogamuchira zvose zvaidiwa unhu pachena, simba zvemaziso uye mamwe zvivako kuiswa muitiro nokusanganisa pamusoro oxides.

Types silicate girazi

Release zvinhu zvinoreva simba-nyanyisa urongwa, uye ivo vaita silicate indasitiri. Glass kugadzira indasitiri kunoitika muna tanera mhando yamavira chaiparira rutsigiro zvakafanorongwa tembiricha. yakaoma sanganisa iri akatakura kubva kumagumo muchoto, nzira yokubudisa iri pauri rakapera zvinhu.

Nezvokumutswa kushandiswa kwakapararira inogona rakakamurwa mhando mumaindasitiri siyana silicate muchionioni

• Silica netsvina pasina yavaibvisa oxides, potassium - riri alkali-akasununguka rinoonekera. It ane mukuru nemishonga kuti vakuchidzire uye nomucheka magetsi zvivako. Pakati zvikanganiso - zvakaoma ribude.
• Yavaibvisa, potassium, yavaibvisa-potassium - alkaline rinoonekera. Vakawanda mhando zvinhu yakakodzera pose kushanda. Zvinonzi akaitirwa akwariyamu girazi, hwindo, nezvirongo zvichingodaro.
• Alkali simbi oxides rurefu zviri inorema simbi. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera mutobvu chinodiwa kuti tiwane rekristaro, Manyiminya girazi.

Multiple kushandiswa

Silicate girazi ane ehupfumi dzakawanda dzinoita kushandiswa kwayo mune zvakawanda. Mumwe nomumwe unhu ayo anogona huchawedzerwa, uye saka inopa mamwe mikana. Somuenzaniso, magirazi zvinenge zvakazara amalgam anoshanda segirazi, uye rinogona kushandiswa pave nokuora bhatiri pasi zvimwe ezvinhu.

Utsanana uye anoshanda zvivako glassware chisingarambiki. The acho haana porosity uye, saka hazvina kubereka utachiona, nyore kuchenesa, ndiyo husingakwanisi chero zvokudya zvigadzirwa. Bakeware kwazviri multitasking inogona kubikwa pane mukuru tembiricha muchoto kana akaisa furiza asina kukuvara.

Stratification uye ukobvu

The acho ane kusiyanisa ukobvu, iyo inosarudza nezvaanogona ayo. The jira 2 mm paukobvu, zvakakodzera mahwindo. Glass rinoshandiswa ive akwariyamu vanenge 5 neMM, zvichienderana Vhoriyamu mvura akadira kupinda mugaba. Zvisinei, aquarists awedzera ndinotenda kuti kushandisa acrylic analogue zvakawanda nyore, kunyanya kana unofanira vanokwanisa 500 litres kana kupfuura.

Kushandisa imwe laminate (laminated) anowedzera: glued pamwe nomukombiyuta polymer firimu padandemutande iri anenge vaparadzwa, zvinokuchengetedzai nokuti hazvina chiwondomoke. Hammer kuputsa maviri silicate girazi 10 mm gobvu interlayer firimu zvisingaiti. Laminated girazi akaita segirazi mabhiriji, akatarisana pamadziro zvezvivako, fenzi uye nezvimwe nembiya.

ehupfumi

Shandisa mashoko Silicate-kwakavakirwa anowana nzvimbo yayo muimba. Kushandiswa kwete chete nokuda mahwindo uyewo mamwe kudzivirirwa uye bhainda. Nokudaro, mvura girazi aiitirwa nheyo kutigumbura, nokuvaita husingakwanisi mwando, chakuvhe, tembiricha nokufamba nezvakadaro.

Bent kana Matt translucent zvinhu rinoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, akaita magonhi fenicha, mvura, pamadziro, uye zvichingodaro.

Silicate girazi rine zvinotevera ehupfumi:

• Transparency.
• Light Reflectance.
• Zvakatipoteredza noushamwari.
• Heat nemishonga.
• Kupikiswa nehasha namakemikari runyararo.
• Natural kuramba hasha kwezvakatipoteredza.
• Mukurumari.
• Low chafariz conductivity.

Zvimwe unhu hwakadai nemishonga kushushikana uye zvokuimba kukuvadza, kupa mashoko kuburikidza richipedza. Musimboti zvichiitika nokukurumidza kudziyisa uye kukurumidza kutonhora zvakafanana mune imwe pfupi. Simba kunowedzera ne 4-5 nguva. Nokuti anoita girazi kwemaawa, mukova ukomba, fenicha, ari indoor masvingo.

zvinogadzirwa pakugadzira

Ndiro dzakagadzirwa silica girazi neimba zvigadzirwa nangana dzakawanda dzinokosha nenzira:

• Kudzvanya. The viscous gobvu yakadururirwa yakatarwa muforoma, ipapo uchishandisa chinjwa muforoma chikamu (punchi) vanopiwa zvimwe parameters. The Foroma nokuti rwomumwoyo pamusoro kunogona kuva muenzaniso, iyo panguva punching rinoitwa pasi rokunze chikamu nyaya.
• Kuvhuvhuta. Zvakasiyana nomuviri uye Chinyorwa. Rusvingo pakukora chigadzirwa zvichisiyana 1 mm 10 mm. Nzira iyi akaita vases, hombodo, magirazi, nemikombe. Manual inovhuvhuta - zviri unyanzvi. Tenzi glassmakers kusika rakasiyana chigadzirwa kuburikidza unobva yakajeka uye mavara makuru vanoumba simbi muviri basa, dzinongoitika mbishi zvinhu, goridhe uye zvichingodaro. ruoko iridzwe haina kuwanikwa fanana zvigadzirwa.
• Kukanda. Ainyanya kushandiswa kugadzira Zvidhori, zvivezwa. Industrially kugadzirwa nenzira pakuumba Manyiminya girazi.
• The multi-Danho rwakashodoka. Used zvikamu achibudiswa ruzivo zviviri: ichivhuvhuta uye zvenzara. Somuenzaniso, inogona magirazi ikaridzwa uye gumbo wokudhinda, dzapedza zvikamu zviri zvakabatana.

Decorative kugadzira

Silicate girazi - yakaorera zvinhu nokuti mifananidzo yakawanda yokushongedzwa. Kusiyanisa inopisa uye kutonhora Clearance.

To inopisa dzinosanganisira:

• Staining hombe simbi oxides.
• Nokusanganisa yakawanda mavara akasiyana ane zvimwe zvinoumba (Venetian magirazi pamwe echitema).
• Krakelirovanie. The gobvu kuumbwa kuva chigadzirwa iri dzaserera nokukurumidza, zvichiguma pemvura makatsemuka kuonekwa, nokuti kugadzirira chigadzirwa ikanyauka.
• Akakonzera kubatana kwe.
• Hot-vanoumba tambo, nezvitsvuku, uchiteverwa chirungiso kuti nyaya.
• Paumbwe chokuwedzera chimiro pamucheto iri nedanho kwebhosvo. Kubudirira nokushandisa midziyo.

Cold muforoma decorating:

• Mechanical: nokugeda, achiita zvokutemera, nedhaimani chinhu, sandblasting.
• Chemicals: etching pamwe hydrofluoric acid.
• Nhema: kupenda, kudhirowa muenzaniso decal, sirika-screen yokudhinda, yakanamirwa pamifananidzo, yeplasma spraying, kupenda kubwinya pendi.

Mamwe girazi

Modern ruzivo kubvumira kupa mamwe unhu silica girazi. Ava, zvikuru zvinofadza uye dzakakurumbira vari:

Smart girazi: mhando zvinhu anochinja ehupfumi ayo pasi pokudzora nechitarisiko ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, apo magetsi chigadzirwa kunova opaque, kana nokuzviparadzanisa dunhu anodzoka segirazi mamiriro.

Glass fibers (Washington City Offices) vari vakawana nokuswedera mashoko kupinda dzakaonda (akayera mu microns) pemavara. Of navo kusika munhu zvakakwana tefa zvinhu. Kushandiswa pakugadzira faibha, insulating zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro.

Akajekesa Glass: misi pasoda-lime girazi ane greenish kana grayish tint, zvakanaka muchimucherechedza, kana uchitarisa vakatongoparadzwa. Somugumisiro, chinokosha iri chitsvuku zvishoma. Kuti izvi zvisaitike zvazviri, ari kugadzira muitiro anowedzerwa brighteners, neutralizing ruvara pasingadiwi. Zvakasiyana kwakajairika kunowedzera chiedza Kupfuudzwa vanokwanisa mashoko, inks hutachiwana pasina kuchinja ruvara.