Yavaibvisa silicate

Silicates (kubva rechiLatin rokuti "silex" rinoshandurwa kuti "dombo") vanonzi metasilicic munyu H2SiO3. Somuenzaniso, yavaibvisa silicate, ane kemikari payakavakirwa zvakanyorwa sezvinotevera: Na2SiO3. Chimwe zita munyu - yavaibvisa metasilicate. Matadza guru nefuma vakaenzana 122,06 g / mol. Chitarisiko - chena opaque crystals ane greenish tinge. Density akaenzana 2,4 g / cm3. Chakachena dzinoratidzwa refractive indekisi, izvo zvinotipa 1,52. Utsotso pfungwa - plus 1088 ° C. The fuma iri soluble mumvura uye insoluble doro. The sanganisa aqueous mhinduro ane rakasiyana ehupfumi: nayo anyatsofukidzwa mune mazai itsva inogona kuchengetwa kusvika mwedzi mipfumbamwe pa nzvimbo tembiricha. Yavaibvisa silicate akatsiga mune zvematongerwo uye alkaline Vezvenhau, uye iine acid anion SiO3- zvaanoita pamwe cations H + kuumbika silicic acid.

Silica (anonziwo silica kana silicic anhydride) ndiro akatsiga zvikuru mukomboni kunoitika sezvingatarisirwa muchimiro Goldstone. Nezvokuvandudzika 12% of vazhinji goko paNyika. Silica kwakasvibiswa nouipi chinhu jecha nevakawanda, izvo inoumbwa kuparadzwa padombo. Pasi zvinoitwa alkali pamusoro silica kwemakemikari maitiro: NaOH + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + H2O. Somugumisiro, mumwe silicic iine acid munyu - yavaibvisa silicate. Hydrolysis of munyu (manyowa nemvura) kunotevera zano: 2Na2SiO3 + H2O → Na2SiO5 + 2NaOH , uye yavaibvisa dvumetasilikat aumba. With vasanyanye wevasungwa chemhinduro, hydrolysis kunoitika zvikuru. In 1N. hydrolyzed mhinduro 14% munyu 0.1N. - 28% kusvika 0,001% - 32%. Hydrolysis kuti yavaibvisa dvumetasilikata kare runoyerera simba.

Yavaibvisa silicate chakaumbwa nesungano pakati nesilicon ane alkali: Si + H2O + 2NaOH → Na2SiO3 + 2H2. Kuodzwa kunogona kuitika chete simba alkalies, uye ari zvakare nyore nyore nemvura pamberi kunyange zviduku mari OH- anions zvisaririra zvakakwana alkali zvikaramba kubva girazi. Sezvo yavaibvisa metasilicate aumba munhu munyu ane simba metasilicic acid, mu sanganisa mhinduro koda chose hydrolyzed, wevasungwa pakati OH- ions hakurevi kuderera panguva maitiro, saka zvinoburuka pasi manyowa kubva nesilicon mvura. Present vari kungoda alkali tiwedzere. Kubva 0.63 makirogiramu nesilicon saizvozvi inotengwa 1 m3 rehydrogen, nepo simbi hungada kusvika 4 nguva yakawanda.

In indasitiri, mamakisi siyana yavaibvisa silicate, dzinoratidzwa nhamba SiO2 uye Na2O. Inogona dzinosiyana 2: 1 kusvika 3.75: 1. Cultivars ane nhamba 2.85: 1 uye pazasi vanoonekwa zvinokosha. Vaya yepamusoro reshiyo vanoonekwa se "kwazvakarerekera." Yavaibvisa silicate mu muchimiro aqueous dzichiitika mhinduro dziri mvura kana soluble rinoonekera. Asi pamwe Na2SiO3 pari mvura girazi nezvimwe yavaibvisa silicates Zvisinei dzayo dzose sezvamunoita yakaratidzwa yemaitiro, riri anofungidzirwa, Na2O • nSiO2, sezvamakaropafadzwa n = 2 ÷ 4. The zvishoma nezvishoma kubviswa SiO2 (kazhinji munguva kwenguva refu okuchengetera) zvinotisvitsa maumi kana waterglass kuti dzimwe nguva kutendeuka gelatinous guru. Saka, murabhoritari zvakanyorwa inoitwa mumidziyo, yakaguma inogadziriswa rabha kuparidzirwa, sezvo cortical kana girazi kuti mutsipa rutanda.

Yavaibvisa silicate rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa sipo Nezvakakuyiwa. The wegore kugadzirwa girazi yakanyauswa ndiwo mazana ezviuru matani. Rinoshandiswa kusimbisa ivhu panguva pakuvaka (semuenzaniso, kongiri uriri screed kudzivirira abrasion), uyewo mamwe reagents, akadai yavaibvisa tripolyphosphate, ndikarangarira mumaindasitiri zhinji (zvose munyu, semuenzaniso, kushandiswa mvura kunyoroveswa). Impregnation Na2SiO3 motokari kongiri migwagwa kunoderedza zvikuru kusakara yavo.

huni kana zvimwe zvinhu kudzivirira moto (semuenzaniso, zvivako kana chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nzvimbo dzokuona). Kazhinji rinoshanda sepokutangira refractory cements kana bepa guruu. Simple sezvamunoita putty yakakodzera Muitiro unobatanidza porcelain negirazi. Vanogona kuva vakagadzirira nokuda nokusanganisa (kuti mukanyiwa kusachinja-chinja) choko mura negirazi. Musanganiswa nokukurumidza anoomesa uye anotendeuka chena, uye vakawanda yakasimba chaizvo.

Esimende, hwakakanyiwa chacho girazi, kuti makasimba kuomesa putty, iro rinoshandiswa nokuda kwokuva nematombo. A musanganiswa yavaibvisa silicate pamwe sawdust anoshandiswa kuzadza nzvimbo pakati miviri masvingo mune dzimwe safes. Izvi zvinoita kuti vakawanda moto nemishonga, uye anoshanda sezvi- kudzivirira kuvhurika achishandisa acetylene zhenje nokuda rinorema utsi uye triggering kunotinyevera.