Hydrolysis pamusoro munyu: zvinofadza anofinha.

Vazhinji vanodavira kemisitiri rakanyatsojeka hakunakidzi, uninteresting uye zvakaoma nesayenzi. Zvimwe vari pamwe zvakanaka. upenyu hwedu pasina mishonga chete hazvibviri. Kwose kwose kwose kwose. Chemical pezvakaitwa vanoramba kuitika zvakasikwa uye anoshandiswa nomunhu muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Somuenzaniso, imwe hombe muupenyu anotamba munyu hydrolysis izvo zvinoreva kuti munyu Exchange nemakemikari nemvura.

Apo hydrolysis kuti munyu zvinowanikwa zvakasikwa?

1. makemikari Kushandurwa pasi goko uye gomo pezvakaitwa hakwaikwanisika pasina kwakadaro namakemikari mananara akadai hydrolysis kuti munyu. goko nyika ine wayo sezvamunoita guru mari sulphides. munyu Ava havaratidzi soluble nemvura, asi, sezvo chikazozikamwa, mvura uye arodzwe ibwe. Naizvozvo kuwadzana, uye mvura iri pamusoro paNyika racho zvakadzama panguva imwe tembiricha yakakwirira, sulfides panguva hydrolysis maitiro vari kutendeukira rehydrogen sulfide, ndiro rakakura kuputika gasi.

Uyezve sulfides matombo ane silicates - silicic asidhi munyu, carbonates uye - munyu pamusoro carbonic acid. Manyowa nesilicon munyu mvura kunoguma paumbwe simbi oxides, uye hydrolysis kuti aruminiyamu munyu (aruminiyamu silicates) pamusoro nguva kunoguma nokuparadzwa padombo. zvimwe ndiyo inozivikanwa zvikuru hydrolysis chigadzirwa pakati inorganic zvinhu - ndiko malachite - yakaisvonaka chaizvo dombo rinokosha yebhuruu-nyoro ruvara.

2. nyanza - ichi ndiyo zvakare nzvimbo munyu hydrolysis ndechimwe huru nemakemikari mumvura. Nokuda kudyidzana ichi, munyu pamusoro magnesium carbonate uye calcium yakawanda nemvura kubereka rehydrogen carbonates chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi izvi nokuda pamberi mvura gungwa riri Midzanga unosvikirwa. In mvura kwakadaro Marine zvinomera dzakakwirira kusimba photosynthesis, nokukurumidza uye nani kukura uye muwande mhuka zvomumvura.

Apo munyu rinoshandiswa hydrolysis hwenyika uye upenyu hwomunhu?

1. Complete hydrolysis pamusoro Ammonium munyu, akadai Ammonium rehydrogen carbonate uye kunoguma pakugadzirwa amoniya uye carbonic acid, iyo zvino uchiora kupinda carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura. Izvi imhaka paumbwe kuita gasi inogona kushandiswa zvokudya uye confectionery Mazinga yokupa nenyama uye fluffy mukanyiwa.
2. Zvingaitwa hydrolysis kuti aruminiyamu munyu inoshandiswa mvura yokunatsa. Kutaura zvazviri, aruminiyamu munyu - ndiye ivhu, achipfuura iyo mvura iri yakaidzwa ndechokuti tsvina uye kunokuvadza netsvina wakafukidza insoluble hydrolysis yemudzimu aruminiyamu hydroxide uye mugogara kusvika pasi. Nokuti mvura yokunatsa uye hydrolysis maitiro carbonate kana yavaibvisa phosphate.
3. Hydrolysis kuti munyu pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero rinoshandiswa vasiri zvokudya zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokosha zvakadai mbiriso mapuroteni, yakaoma chando, ethyl doro, shuga, etc.
4. Man rakatarisana hydrolysis Fani nguva dzose - panguva mbatya Washing, kugeza kumusoro, kana kusuka ndiro. Kunyange pezvakaitwa mukati Somuenzaniso, mafuta kugaya, hydrolysis unobuda pedyo mashandiro.

Asi hydrolysis Fani haagoni chete kubatsirwa wacho asi kukuvara. Somuenzaniso, anobudisa yakawanda nematambudziko mafuta indasitiri. Munhu wose anoziva kuti mafuta ine dzinoverengeka munyu uye mvura zhinji. Munguva kubudiswa petroleum nezvinhu zvayo kudziyisa kupfuura madhigirii 250 kunoitika hydrolysis maitiro ose magnesium chloride uye calcium yakawanda kuburikidza maitiro pamwe chiutsi. Izvi unobereka rehydrogen chloride gasi Hcl, riri ndakasimba oxidant. Iye interacts pamwe simbi iyo akaita midziyo mafuta uye akariuraya, zvichikonzera ngura. Dai pasina chiitiko ichi, mafuta kwaikodzera isingadhuri zvikuru.
Ndinoda kutenda kuti pashure kuverenga nyaya ino, iwe kushandura pfungwa dzako pamusoro kemisitiri sechinhu sayenzi richaguma kuti funga izvozvo hakunakidzi, uninteresting uye zvainobatsira.