Wave ehupfumi chiedza

Kana mukakumbira avhareji munhu chii anoziva ehupfumi nechiedza, pasina mubvunzo, vose pakarepo kudana "kufungisisa". Zvechokwadi, pane zvimwe ari mwana uyo asingadi vanoda kutamba pazuva emusi duku girazi anodyara mwaranzi - anonzi sunbeams. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda vachiri rangarira, zvakanga chikuru kutamba mimvuri - ariwo kuratidzwa mumwe zvivako nechiedza. Asi vamwe vachava nokuzarurwa chokwadi kuti nemafungu, vachibvumira redhiyo uye terevhizheni kutamba Kupfuudzwa muri chiedza chete. Hapana zvishamiso - akatsanangura zvose nyore. Chikonzero kuvhiringika uku zvinozunguzirwa ehupfumi nechiedza.

Chero fuma ane maatomu vari yaifara ezvinhu, tanga remagetsi nemwaranzi hunhu. The mashandiro iri nyore: chero nezvimedu vanowanzotevedzera ezvinhu simba pakati nepakati, saka, emit zvakawandisa simba. It angadziyirwa chiedza, vanooneka, kana zvimwe marudzi nemwaranzi. Chii chinonzi chiedza? Kana tikafunga chakarondedzera yose, rinooneka ziso nemwaranzi inoremekedzwa frequencies vari kuwanda 790-390 THz. The peculiarity nemwaranzi ichi ndechokuti ane zvose zvinozunguzirwa zvivako nechiedza uye zvivako zviri nezvimedu (corpuscular). Ndivanaani vari kufarira zvine chokuita zvakagadzirwa, nokuti chokwadi, ndakanzwa mashoko okuti "photon injini". Kubva mokugezera ayo kudzura chiedza nezvimedu - photons, ichipa kufamba kweropa chiitiko. Saka, kunzwisisa "zvinozunguzirwa ehupfumi yechiedza," kana tiri kutaura pamusoro nezvimedu? Chokwadi tine chiedza chinooneka chiri hunyambiri: inogona anomirirwa muchimiro nemwaranzi, uyewo norwizi inoramba. A nhevedzano kuedza kunoratidza kuti vose maonero ndezvechokwadi.

Pamunenge muchikurukura wave ehupfumi yechiedza, nokungwarira kutaurwa chipingaidzo. Zvinonzi inobva kuchinja luminance (kuchinyanya) pamusoro nzvimbo yakavhenekerwa chiedza matanda akawanda. Kuti kukanganiswa anobvumirwa Jung kuti kuitisa yake yakakurumbira maviri-mutswe chiedzwa.

Zvinotevera pfuma - diffraction ichi. Nokuti Fani iyi, pane kutsanangura zvakawanda, asi kuti munhu vasingazivi optics kunogona kuguma zvinotevera tsananguro: Diffraction chinhu chinozunguzirwa pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda zvipingamupinyi. Kureva, muna dzidziso, iri nemwaranzi zvinoyerera kubva pfungwa kwaibva haikwanise "kurwadzisa" mumvuri kunzvimbo chinhu inoumbwa ne vectors vaviri, asi tsika kubvuma iyi chibharo. "Guilty" ndiyo diffraction. Dzimwe nguva anoonekwa somunhu mumwe kuratidzwa kukanganiswa, izvo hakusi kukanganisa.

Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa chinonakidza kuti refraction. Inogona kuonekwa pamusha Zvaringana kudira mvura girazi uye vanoisa chipunu. Kana isu zvino tarisai chipunu, ipapo panguva mhesano dzedenga-mvura kuoneka kusarurama kuti anotyora geometric kururama. Izvi kunoitika nokuda refraction pamuganhu pakati nhau mbiri dzakasiyana.

Wati kuti nei kuine chando zuva chiedza kusimba kunyange yakakwirira kuti unofanira kupfeka magirazi pamwe mahwindo tinted? Chikonzero kufungisisa ichi nemwaranzi kubva chena pamusoro inoumbwa chando. Part of chinozunguzirwa ikachinja kutungamirirwa inofamba kunoshandurwa nokuda kubata pamwe pemvura.

Kudzidza maitiro inoramba iri quantum pezvakaitwa vaishandisa Manyiminya nesefa. Kana vanopfuura mumwe Laser danda kutungamirira kwakafanana chete mirayiridzo, uye ivo tidzivise - mamwe matanda, pakakoromorwa achamuka simba nekugona. Ambient maatomu kwazvakarerekera vari kusimbiswa ayo minima, achiumba kufanana pamusoro sekristaro napamahwindo. By kusiyanisa kakawanda mwaranzi, pakona pakati pavo kana airatidza simba, zvinokwanisika kudzora maitiro kwemaatomu izvi.