Ovogenesis - ndiwo muitiro womunhu inotungamirwa mazai. Spermatogenesis uye oogenesis

kuburitsa mufananidzo upi kana kubereka vana panyika - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha basa zvose zvipenyu zviri redu. The majini zvinhu wabva vabereki vevana, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikuru kwenguva refu kwete kukanganisa rudzi rwake. Nhasi isu kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro kuberekana kwevanhu. Funga zvinhu zvakadai spermatogenesis uye oogenesis. Apo rutoto kwacho kunotanga? Chokwadi, pamwe chete kupinda kwamakamuri munhurume kupinda mukadzi. Kupi vakabvepi? Tiri kuziva nedanho gametogenesis. Ovogenesis - chinhu sequential muitiro dzidzo munhukadzi nemasero embeu. Spermatogenesis - paumbwe hono pabonde sero. Tigokuitira pamwe nhasi, chii rwakafanana uye rwakasiyana azvaiitwa.

zai

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti ovogenesis - ndiwo muitiro wokuberekana munhukadzi nemasero embeu, unonzi "zai." Tinopa kutaura zvishoma pamusoro chii uye chii chinosara rinoitwa. A kumboongorora sechivako zai.

Sezvambotaurwa, zai - a bonde sero, iro rine woita chimiro. Inofanira ane zvakafanira zvose zvinovaka muviri ari, nekuti zvayo chikuru basa ndiko kuti tibu- kukura ane muviri kubva nguva wekusangana. Kufanana nevamwe Sero upi, zai iri pakati chine neerekitironi. Around chinoumba ane haploid vanochengeta okutodza ndiyo cytoplasm. Y ndiye zai uye repamusoro unodzivirira rukoko - wakaisvonaka korona. Zita iri, goko uyu nokuti kuti inoitwa vakawanda villi duku.

Pedyo chinoumba achiumbwa somugumisiro meiosis mumwe muviri duku, ndicho paumbwe duku chaizvo kukura sero. Mune zvose, mumwe musikana richangoberekwa kudanda pane mazai anenge miriyoni. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda vavo vanofa. Kusvikira nguva pakuyaruka, pane chete anenge 300 zviuru, uye ovulation dzinenge 400 vavo. Chii chakaitika vamwe? Vanongouya kufa, uye asina nguva ripen.

We zvamaronga kukurukura muinonzi "oogenesis". Ndiyo kuibvisa munhukadzi chaizvo gametes. Ngatitange izvozvi.

ovogenesis

Ovogenesis - ndiye paumbwe munhukadzi gametes. Pakarepo zvinofanira kujekeswa kuti mhuka, hunotanga kunyange asati aberekwa panyika, riri utero. Tisati yokuverenga uye unhu pamatanho ose oogenesis, kudoma chinangwa chikuru ichi kwacho. Saka, mashandiro:

• vari musimboti zai inofanira kuumbwa haploid yakatarwa okutodza;
• zygote kugutsikana pamberi muviri.

Anogona pakarepo ona kuti ovogenesis kwacho hakusi akasiyana zvikuru kubva spermatogenesis, uchaona pamusoro.

Saka ovogenesis pavaipfuura ndedzinotevera:

• kubereka;
• kukura;
• kuibvisa.

Danho rokutanga kunoitika mudumbu. The musikana ane kare vazhinji primordial utachiona masero, izvo panguva iyi ndivo: primordia kana kamwana kachangobva kunambwa. zai izvi ramangwana chaizvo vachishingaira kuparadzanise, saka pane kuunganidza oogonia. Vanounganidza ari cortical rukoko. It oogonia -wedzera zvakafanira zvose zvinovaka muviri ari, zvinoti:

• mapuroteni;
• mafuta;
• shuga.

Musiyano uri pakati oogonia kubva utachiona mumasero? Ndivo akakura ari kukura. zvakafanana yavo iri pakuti chete magene wakagadzirwa.

Kurukurei chechipiri chokutambudzika, tichaona kuti zvinoitika kuti kuzvarwa musikana. Zvino kubva oogonia vakaumba oocytes wokutanga kurongeka. Ukuru weboka iri yekudyidzana ipfupi, asi oocytes vari kukurumidza kuwana kwavo uremu. Uyezve zai ramangwana ane kuchengetedzwa refu ari muchimiro prophase oocytes. Zvino pane anenge mamiriyoni maviri, uye vachaitwa mberi dzakabudirira chete anenge 400 oocytes.

Wokupedzisira Danho kunoitika pashure yakawanda nguva (makore anenge 11-12, uye dzimwe nguva zvakawanda). Panguva iyi, pakarepo anotanga zvayo pakuzadzisa ndechimwe akachengetedzwa oocytes. The mugumisiro achauya pamwedzi.

dzisingaoneki

Takadzidza kuti oogenesis akaumba mukadzi pabonde sero inonzi ovum. Ikozvino enda spermatogenesis nenhongo utachiona masero. Saka, nokuti kuenderera rwevanhu inoda peya zai, rinogona mupfudze. Dzisingaoneki - uyu ndiye anodiwa hafu.

In hono, dzisingaoneki anogona kuva nemamiriyoni mazhinji, kusiyana zai iri hadzi muviri. Ivo vanoumba:

• kubva musoro;
• pamutsipa;
• pakati;
• filamentous muswe.

Kana urume kusvika zai, muswe, kodzero kutama, panobviswa. Ipapo munhukadzi utachiona masero transmits chete musoro urume, sezvo anotakura majini zvinhu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zai goko rakanyatsojeka simba, saka musoro urume acrosome ikoko. Rine chaiyo fuma, rinogona wokuparadza membrane. Kukura muchitokisi dzokubereka womunhu millimeters 0,05 chete, saka kuti vazvione, unofanira maikorosikopu simba.

spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis uye oogenesis - zviri pezvakaitwa zvakanaka zvakafanana. Yokutanga Matanho ndedzinotevera:

• kubereka;
• kukura;
• kuibvisa;
• inotungamirwa.

Ari kubereka nhano achiumbwa pamusoro chiuru spermatogonia kuburikidza kupatsanura mumwe anenge gumi nguva. Panguva weboka ivo Sechipanji muviri.

Panguva kukura kuwedzera zvikuru kukura. Icho kukura Pasika kuchinja kunoitika muna spermatogonia spermatocytes yokutanga murayiro.

In danho 2 fission kuibvisa kunoitika:

• meiosis (somugumisiro tine spermatocytes 2nd murayiro);
• mitosis (akaumba spermatids).

Panguva paumbwe spermatids apinde nevanhu muchitokisi urongwa, uye kuumbwa dzisingaoneki. Vakati apedze inotungamirwa yavo, fuma mufambo.

kufanana

Zvinofanira pakarepo kucherechedzwa yokutanga zvakafanana oogenesis uye spermatogenesis - vose pezvakaitwa zvinodiwa nokuumbwa, kukura uye kuibvisa pamusoro gametes, munhurume kana munhukadzi. Kunyange mune izvi pane zvakafanana zhinji, asi zvinokwanisika kuziva zvimwe kusiyana.

Chimwe zvakafanana chinhu chiri akafanana dzinenge zvokukura kwacho (mu spermatogenesis pane imwe nguva yakawanda). The mukuru Matanho:

• kubereka;
• kukura;
• kuibvisa.

Zvinoumba mumatanho izvi, isu ngarira zvakadzama pamusoro. We mberi kune kusiyana.

misiyano

Ngatitange nepfungwa yokuti tine nemigumisiro yakasiyana ne oogenesis uye spermatogenesis, oogenesis anoenderana kudaro zvaitika, sezvo paumbwe munhukadzi dzokubereka masero uye spermatogenesis - makono. Sezvo imi kare wakaona, mu nedanho paumbwe spermatozoa pane imwe nguva kupfuura paumbwe zai. Chokutanga ndivo maumbirwo pachikuva zvakare, apo oogenesis padanho rino harudikanwi.

ovogenesis kwacho kunotanga vasikana mudumbu, uye spermatogenesis kunotanga vakomana avo chabudirira makore 12. Ichi chimwe musiyano.

Musiyano rokupedzisira ndiro vakawanda varume utachiona masero zvichienzaniswa vakadzi. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvinotevera: zai anowana mumwe chete dzisingaoneki yesero vanenge mamiriyoni 200.