War Years makumi masere '

Mazuva historiography anozivikanwa sezvo masere 'War, Years masere' War (1568 - 1648) - kurwa nemanomwe Kumapurovhinzi (pachavo pamwe rinoti muna Low Countries) kuti rusununguko pamusoro kupfuura simba muEurope, ari Spanish Empire pasi naMambo Philip II.

Hatisi kutaura nezve hondo refu. Mumakore 80, iye akaonekwa mune dzakawanda nomumwe kumukira vari zvakare chibvumirano-gore Multi (muna 1609 -1621 years). Kurwira rusununguko kwakaita kuti kuparadzana of North uye South of Netherlands uye paumbwe Republic of United Kumapurovhinzi kweNetherlands.

The inonyanya pfungwa iri kukurukurwa kuti Hondo masere 'dzakatanga zvaibiwa kwakaenderera machechi uye convents muna 1566.

Zvinokonzera kumukirawo nokuda varombo upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu vanhu, muprista mitero, kudzvinyirirwa itsva chitendero nechaCalvin.

Atsamwira ukama pakati pevaKaturike mambo rumwe rutivi, kune rumwe Calvin ruoko uye vasingagutsikani namachinda avo aida rusununguko rwokunamata, chakaita kuti kupandukira. Mutungamiri Calvin vakava Vilgelm I Oransky.

Kudzvinyirira kupanduka, Philip kuna Low Countries gavhuna mutsva, Fernando Alvarez of Toledo, Duke pamusoro Alba, iro kwazvo zvinoshingaira zvatanga kugadzirisa chacho basa. Pazuva rake Paakasvika kweBrussels kwenzira vepamusoro mauto iye akabvuma Board zvirwere - nani kuzivikanwa sezvo Bloody Board nokuti vazhinji yaiuya. The Council akasikwa kuti arange vaikurudzira matambudziko enyika uye zvechitendero muNetherlands. In yose, pamukova Duke pamusoro Alba kubva 1567 kusvika 1573 makore, vakaurayiwa vanenge 18 000 vanhu muNetherlands.

Hondo Yemakore makumi masere 'yakatanga maviri kundikana yaingopambwa muna 1568 uye 1572, ukuwo, Vilgelma Oranskogo ane wemaricho hondo gungwa gozov, kwemashifiti Dutch nyika uye masimba wengarava. Nokuda murombo mari uye nehondo duku kutsigira voruzhinji nechisimba rakarongerwa kubva pakutanga.

Asi zvikuru tisingatarisiri akabata mutaundi Brielle geuzen April 1, 1572, yaiva chiratidzo nokuda Calvin mumaruwa Holland uye Zeeland kumuka zvakare.

Kazhinji vokuSpain akabudirira, asi Hondo masere 'varasikirwe makuru mari outlays. Panyaya iyi, rugare hurukuro kunge akatanga Zvisinei, vakakundikana. Zvichakadaro ari Duke pamusoro Alba, vasina kufanana Low Countries, zvikurukuru nokuda nyorovera okunze, akabvunza kakawanda Philippe kumusunungura mabasa ake ave gavhuna. Philip, pakupedzisira, akabvuma, uye muna 1573 mumwe gavhuna mutsva akagadzwa Luis De Rekezens. Asi muna 1576 akafa pakarepo.

Uyezve, panguva iyoyo pakanga pasina mutsivi kwemwedzi inoverengeka varwi haana aibhadhara muhoro, uye mauto Spanish zvakakomba zvichemo, zvaakapiwa nemavambo kuti nokumukira, yainzi "Spanish kukuru". Masoja akaparadza nokukoromorwa Antwerp, richiuraya 10,000 vomunyika yacho.

Revolution kuNetherlands vakaramba sezvo ezvinhu aya mberi akasimbisa kutsunga nevapanduki kuti vabudirire munyika rusununguko.

8 November 1576 yakanga yakasainwa Pacification rinonzi Ghent. Holland, Zeeland uye kumaodzanyemba (Catholic) dunhu vakabvumirana zvitendero uye dzekuno co-oparesheni kudzinga vanhu vokuSpain kubva Dutch nyika. Rinonzi Ghent akabatana chibvumirano uye mamwe mapurovhinzi hwokuchamhembe.

January 6, 1579 mubatanidzwa yakanga simba kubudikidza nezvokupanduka of Walloon enyika rinonzi Ghent chibvumirano signatories Arras mubatanidzwa, iyo vakaratidza kuvimbika kwavo kuna mambo Spanish. Mukupindura, January 23, 1579 mu Utrecht pamwe akasikwa pamusoro Spanish gavhuna, kubatanidza enyika kuchamhembe manomwe Netherlands uye kuti vateye nheyo yemberi akazvimirira Republic.

Pakazosvika 1588 Spanish, kana mubati Netherlands Alessandro Farnese, Duke Parma, reconquered nechepazasi dzekuchamhembe. Kuberekwa Dutch Republic kuchamhembe akauya pasi kurwiswa. Asi Spain zvakafanana akatungamirira ruchirwisana England uye France, izvo akabvumira Netherlands kutanga yemabhuku-tsamwisa

Panguva yemakore gumi chibvumirano (pamwe 1609) miganhu yacho Dutch State vakanga pakupedzisira wakaiswa.

Kazhinji, Netherlands Bourgeois chimurenga anofukidza okutanga makumi mashanu makore kukakavara pakati Spain uye Netherlands (1568 -1618). Mumakore okupedzisira matatu (1618 -1648) kurwisana pakati Spain uye Netherlands, akanga akabatanidzwa muhondo rwevanhu European, rinozivikanwa Hondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu.