Wachi iri Kremlin kuti Spassky Tower: The Story uye mapikicha

World yakakurumbira wachi iri Spasskaya Tower of Russian Federation guru akazviratidza kare kare, sezvo aiti dzakaitika, muna 1404. Zvisinei, ivo dzakatangwa kokutanga kwete Kremlin neshongwe, uye vaiva pedyo Cathedral of Annunciation, imo youmambo panguva chaipo Vasily Dmitrievich. Zita tenzi uyo wakavaita, nokusingaperi rabva ari yenhau makore iwayo: "hurongwa chasnik - Prince pacharo, wachi akaisa-dzokuSerbia mumongi Razaro."

Kremlin Clock munhoroondo

Shoko "Chimes" mutauro French rinoshandurwa se "ano". Tose kubva pauduku yakakurumbira Kremlin chime, hondo iyo isu vanopemberera New Year, vane nhoroondo anoshamisa. Ndivo wachi neshongwe, izvo, nemhaka kutaridza zvirire mabhero emit mumwe mutinhimira zvekuimba kurwa. Izvi wachi shongwe Hakutarisi Red Square uye ane gedhi kufamba pamberi, iyo nguva dzose, kunze echimurenga, vaiona vatsvene.

Chete muna 1658 Spassky shongwe akawana zita raro, isati ainzi Florovsky aiva mumwe 20 shongwe yacho Kremlin, sezvo dzayo yakavakwa muna 1491 rokuItari Artist uye mapurani Antonio Solari. Maererano zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, wachi iri Spasskaya Tower vanga kuiswa iri XVI remakore watchmaker vanatenzi kuti gore vakagamuchira mubayiro wakanaka uye nokushongedza muchivanze zvina jira.

Wachi chichiwanikwa zvizere 1585. Chokwadi kuti zvakavapo pamberi, uye rinoratidza chimwe uchapupu: zvinoratidzika pamasuo vatatu Kremlin shongwe zvivako - Spassky (Florovsky), Utatu uye Secret - vakanyorwa mukushandira "Breviary." Pakutanga XVII remakore pamusoro Kremlin shongwe (kunze Nikolskaya) vaiva matende, uye nemhaka iyi gumi-Spasskaya shongwe vakava kusvika kukwirira 60 mamita. Watchmaker muna 1614 vakava Nikifor Nikitin, akanga basa kwerunyararo nokugadzira nenguva fekitari mashandiro. Tinozivawo kuti kurwisa wachi, vakasvika yakapararawo zvakakwana, akanga atengeswa muna 1624 Spassky Monastery Yaroslavl uremu.

Christopher mashandiro Gollueya

Wachi yacho Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin panguva vaiva kupfuura chinyakare, mukuwedzera, vakatambura zvikuru kubva kakawanda moto, uye ipapo kuMoscow, akakumbira yakakurumbira Chirungu watchmaker Christopher Gollueya. Chakamubatsira mhizha Russian - Zhdanov, mwanakomana wake uye muzukuru Alex Shumila. Muna 1626, wachi iri Spasskaya Tower akapisa uye kuzombovakwazve patsva Galloway.

Russian Artist Bazhenov Ogurtsov muna 1636 akasika kwavari youmambo Kusviba, iyo yakava kushongedzwa zvose mapurani Ensemble of Kremlin. Maawa akashanda kweShanduro Vologda vanhuwo zvavo - baba uye mwanakomana Virachevy uye kutungamirira muitiro Galloway. Nokuti "perechasya" caster Kirillom Samoylovym 13 mabhero vakakandirwa.

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko mari yatenzi ari Chirungu aiva rubles 64 pagore. Old wachi mashandiro akatengeswa 48 rubles. Izvi zvairatidza kuti watchmakers muMoscow ainakidzwa kuremekedza zvikuru uye ropafadzo ivo vakabhadharwa mari guru, kunyanya kukosheswa vaya vakatevera shongwe wachi. Vashandi, rakachengetedzwa wakasika kunyange mashoko anokosha umo zvakanyorwa kuti Spasskaya Tower zvakanga zvisingaiti kunwa, kutamba makadhi, kuzotengesa fodya, waini uye zvichingodaro. D.

Description maawa

Maererano vakararama nguva, akanga zvinoshamisa guta wachi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi. Nokuda kunaka kwayo uye mudziyo vakanga vadamwa munyika yose, uye anokudzwa kurira avo akanzwika anopfuura 10 mamaira. The raundi akanga akapendwa mutema. Huru uye chinokosha ayo chikuva akaramba mira, apo rokunze divi iri kufara 1 meter, zvayaitenderera paguyo. Wachi yaiva necheSalvic tsamba arufabheti kurema kwakanga maawa 3, makirogiramu 400.

Kremlin Clock akanga akayera masikati uye usiku nguva yakaratidza necheSalvic nhamba uye tsamba (mhangura zvemapuranga nendarama), uye nyere. Asi miseve aiva zuva refu danda vasiyana rokumusoro chikamu chikuru guru raundi. The dhisiki yakakamurwa kupinda 17 kuenzana mitezo, uyo wakanga wakakodzera kuti kunonyanyisa Longitude zuva muzhizha. Mid dhisiki akanga akafukidzwa yebhuruu enamel, uye pamusoro payo vakapararira sirivha nendarama nyeredzi uye zuva nomwedzi mifananidzo. Dials (ane dhayamita 5 m) aiva maviri. Mumwe rakatarira Kremlin, mumwe akaenda China Town.

Peter I

By kuguma XVII remakore wachi iri Kremlin raMwari Spassky Tower akaita kamwe Christopher Gollueem akava zvachose unusable, uye ipapo 1704 kubva kuHolland musi Sea, Peter I kunounza itsva. Ivo vakauya vachibva Arkhangelsk kusvika matatu ngoro, kubva Treasury panhau iyi kwave dzinounzwa anopfuura 42,000 Efimkov (Western European sirivha mari). Nyika yose munguva ino yezwi chete zuva nezuva Countdown. Makore matatu gare gare, guru wachi ane 12-awa raundi paakagadzwa pachigaro Spasskaya Tower. Zvakanditorera Ekim Garnov uye kudzidzira vashomanana vakagadziridza uye yakatanga mashandiro kwemazuva 20.

chivharo tenzi

Zvisinei, pashure penguva, uye varindi aya chakasakara, uye pashure moto mukuru 1737 uye sei yakapararawo. Zvisinei, panguva ino, guta guru raiva kare Petersburg, uye nekuti kugadziridza hatina kutongova mhanya.

Kana paakangogara pachigaro Catherine II, akava kufarira Kremlin chime. Gare gare Berlin watchmaker Fatts (chivharo) ichatsiva wachi chime zvakawanda Chirungu, anowanikwa paMuzinda Zvinowedzera. Mumakore matatu, pasi utungamiriri hwake, vachava gadza Ivan Polyansky - tenzi Russian, basa zvichazadziswa muna 1770. Sezvo tenzi huru yakanga asunungurwa kubva kunze kwenyika, ipapo zvichava pamusoro Kremlin akaridza rwiyo O Du Lieber Augustin ( «Oh Du Lieber Augustin"). Ndicho chete nyaya iri munhoroondo wachi, kana vakaita wokumwe rwiyo.

Napoleon nguva

Kana kudzingwa Moscow, mauto Napoleon kuti, pamusoro Kremlin raMwari Spassky Tower wachi ndavhiyiwa kwazvo kuongororwa, uye akawana kuti avo wachi mashandiro haashandi. Ipapo tenzi Yakov Lebedev muna February, mwedzi 1813 aida kuchigadzira kuti mari yavo. Iye akapiwa zvazvingava, asi vasati aitofanira kusaina kuti haana zvakazara kutiza mashandiro nezvaaiita. Uye 2 pemakore wachi achitiza zvakare, uye Lebedev akanga paakavapa musoro tenzi watchmaker Spassky maawa.

Papera makumi emakore mashomanana, mumwe kuedza chakaitwa kuchenesa mashandiro, pasina kumbomira kufambira mberi chime, asi regai kubudirira. Zvino nokuti overhaul ashanda nokuda yakasimba Butenop hama. Muna 1850 wachi yaiva namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara mashandiro bust, chakasakara zvikamu chakatsiva. Panguva ino, akakandwa mubhedha mutsva, wake uremu kwakanga matani 25. Panguva kuurayiwa basa iri boka vakagamuchira mari iri uwandu 12 000 rubles. Somugumisiro, muna March 1852 ose mabasa apera, uye kokutanga chime pamusoro peshongwe akatanga kuuraya nziyo "Preobrazhensky March" uye "zvinokudzwa Ishe wedu."

Updated maawa vakashanda kwemakore 25, uye muna 1878 300 rubles kuagadzira akatora Master W. Freimuth, uyo akamutevera watchmaker Kremlin shongwe. Pakutanga, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti chime vairidza nomuimbirwo kuti "Mwari Ponesa chevaux!" Asi Emperor Nicholas handina kutenderwa kuita kudaro, achida kuridza chero mumhanzi, kunze rwiyo. Muna 1913 imwe renguva pamwero hwokudzorerwa akatakurwa nokuda musi unoenderana Romanov dzinza. Company Butenop hama dzakaramba kushumira mashandiro.

chimurenga

Akauya rakaoma nguva October Revolution, uye muna 1917 hondo yakarohwa zvakananga kumeso uye zvakaipa zvakakanganisa ari kunozivikanwa wachi. Muzhizha 1918, apo Moscow yakava guta zvakare, V. I. Lenin akarayira hurumende kuti tikurumidze kugadzirisa chime.

Masters akatarisa nguva, munhu wose aitya kuti basa. Famous yokurinda pezvitsiga (kambani Bure uye Roginskii) akakumbira zvikuru zvizhinji, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva asingakwanisi govera itsva yakagadzirwa mamiriro. Zvino kuagadzira ipapo akatora Kremlin makanika N. I. Berens. Aiziva kuti zvakaoma mashandiro, sezvo baba vake vakanga kamwe akashanda kambani vasati kushumira chime. Uye kumubatsira pachinhu ichi vakatenderana Cheremnyh Artist JM, ndiye chete mamakisi ari kurira "Iwe akawira nedambudziko" uye "International" akumbirwa mutungamiriri proletariat.

Uye ipapo rinodhura itsva zvakavamba kuchinja rimwe nehafu metres kureba akasikwa uye vaizoremerwa 32 makirogiramu. Mabasa kudzorerwa zvakapedzwa muna September 1918. Ipapo Muscovites kokutanga anzwa urove wachi iri Spasskaya Tower. Papera nguva, muna 1932, ari chime zvakare zvinoda kugadziriswa. Masters yakabereka chiso itsva (chaiyo kopi yekare) uye apiwa gilded pomukombero, nhamba nemiseve pariri famba 28 makirogiramu endarama.

Stalin

At pokutungamirira Stalin akaedza kuchinja wachi kuti nomuimbirwo ane idzva Soviet rwenyika Aleksandrova rakanyorwa, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Muna 1991 vaida zvakare kuti aite basa iri, asi sezvo zvikazooneka, izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuti mabhero matatu. Muna 1996, pashure pemakore 58 tischiny, Kremlin chime mutinhimira airidza wokutsaurira President Russian B. N. Eltsina ( "Patriotic Rwiyo" uye "Mbiri" M. I. Glinki).

Wokupedzisira kudzorerwa kwakaitika muna 1999, vava nemwedzi mitanhatu. Arrows gilded zvakare, nokudzosa yose chitarisiko uye pachinzvimbo "Patriotic Rwiyo" wachi pakupedzisira akarova kukwira rwenyika yacho Russian Federation.

Kremlin Clock: Photo uye miganhu

Maawa kugara chaiyo guva Spassky Tower: kubva rechi8 kusvikira rechi10. mashandiro avo chikuru riri mukamba chaiye wa9 pauriri. Its actuated Zviidzo matatu pakurema kubva munenge 160 kusvika 224 makirogiramu. Musical mashandiro ine chine mabhero (vose vari kuisa zvakavakirwa imwe range) uye saka anonzi Software humburumbira ane dhayamita kunosvika mamita maviri, izvozvo rotates uye hofori uremu yairema 200 makirogiramu.

Cylinder nembambo actuated bhero, mumwe achirema 500 makirogiramu. Mabhero vasendeka uriri chegumi. Nenzira, mumwe wavo anoti zvakaita Klavdiy Fremi muAmsterdam muzhizha 1628.

Zvakaoma kufungidzira kukura yose mudziyo, ndiko chete raundi ine dhayamita pakati 6.12 m. Saka, ndiko kureba miniti maoko wachi iri Spasskaya Tower? Uye chii vari kukura awa? Ngatifungei. Zvichienderana ndechokuti kukosha chero zvinhu izvi hazvifaniri kupfuudza hafu dhayamita ari raundi, munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti museve guru richava anenge mamita 3. A duku, ukuwo, achava zvishoma. Zvino ngationei kuti pamutemo mashoko. Saka miniti ruoko pamusoro wachi shongwe Spassky mu kureba 3.27 m, awa kune masendimita asingasviki 30 -. 2,97 M yokurinda fekitari kaviri pazuva. With achifumira uremu injini, mugodhi nomumwe kuwana uremu iron vara yairema kusvika makirogiramu 200, avo uremu yakawedzera muchando.

Monitoring nokuchengetedza

Zuva nezuva, wachi mashandiro ari pasi chokudzivirira bvunzo uye kamwe pamwedzi - pamusoro akadzama. Wachi iri Spasskaya pabasa watchmaker zvinosimbiswa nerimwe chronometer uye inotongwa chaiwo namano. The mashandiro yose lubricated kaviri pavhiki, zhizha nechando kushandisa mafuta.

The mashandiro ari Kremlin wachi iri Spasskaya Tower ari kushanda zvakanaka kuri vanenge hafu remakore. On the simbi divi kuvanyorera kuti wachi anotendeuka hama Butenop muMoscow muna 1851. Masikati uye pakati pousiku vakarova yokuRussia rwenyika, uye vari pakati - "Kukudzwa".

mhedziso

Vakawanda vanofarira mubvunzo: "Ndoupi shongwe, kunze Muponesi, vane varindi?" Muna Moscow Kremlin asi chime, akasiyawo wachi iri Grand Kremlin Palace, Utatu uye Borovitskaya neshongwe.

Kunozivikanwa chime uye vachiri uyere panze nhoroondo imwe nyika huru, vava chiratidzo chikuru guru uye simba Russian.