Martial mireza tsvuku. Order of Red Banner of Labor

Order of "Red Flag" ndiwo awards of Soviet mamiriro wokutanga. Vakanga dzakatangwa kuti kusimudzira kuratidzwa ushingi, kurasira uye kushinga pakudzivirira Yababa. Uyezve, murayiro Red Banner, uye akanga paakavapa kune vezvikwata zvechiuto, zvikepe, paruzhinji uye mamiriro nemasangano. Up kusvikira 1930. Order aiva soro dhigirii anokurudzira muSoviet Union.

Wokutanga mubayiro Soviet

Muna 1918, mazuva mashoma asati mhemberero musi unoenderana October Revolution wokutanga, vanhu vokuSoviet munyika yakanga aifarirwa wokutanga bheji - the Order of Red Banner. Paiva mubayiro uyu nenzira mbiri: zvechiuto uye basa. Muna September 1918, yakanga kutanga aifarirwa murau chiratidzo, uye papera mwedzi, pakanga pachake.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Inozivikanwa chokwadi ndechokuti Bolsheviks vakauya simba muna 1917, aparadza zvose mibayiro uye kusarurana zvaiitika pre-echimurenga nguva nyika yedu nhoroondo. Pakutanga, zvose anokurudzira, ichiti masevhisi kunyika, ivo yatsiviwa zita CHIPO: nyaya mudzanga, unorinda, zvombo. Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba hondo yevagari Russia zvechigarire, zvikuru zvakajeka wakaratidzwa chidzoke kudiwa mubayiro mavanga, izvo zvakajeka vakaratidza zvemashoko ichi kana kuti munhu pamberi itsva nyika uye hurumende itsva. Saka, vangadai kukurudzira kunyanya udyire basa yevaya vakagamuchira kurudziro yakadai, uye vaya chete kuvimbisa kwairi.

Somugumisiro, muna 1918 pamusoro chirongwa pakati Sverdlova Ya M. Central Executive Committee. Akamisa basa raikosha, unotanga kutanga chirongwa award pakati kusarurana munyika nokuda varwi uye vatungamiriri Red Army wokutanga. boka iri inotungamirwa Abel Safronovich Yenukidze uye kushanda ari gadzira ari Order mumaoko the artist Denisovu V. I. uye mwanakomana wake, Denisovu V. V. Naizvozvo, mumazuva mashomanana zvakaoma kushanda baba uye mwanakomana zvakabayirwa Komisheni yokunyora nokudhirowa wokutanga bheji yeSoviet. Of anoverengeka kusarudza kusarudza mumwe aisanganisira ose okunze zvaimirira vaduku simba yeSoviet. Izvi inyeredzi dzvuku, kukura angwarire, sando nembezo, chokurimisa uye bhayoneti, chiratidzo Sangano vanhuwo zvavo, vashandi uye masoja. Kwokupedzisira Chirongwa magadzirirwo akabvumirwa muna October 1918 maererano Presidium of Central Executive Committee. Saka, kusunungurwa Order of Labor uye Red Banner muduku nyika vakapemberera kuyeukwa Guru October Revolution yokutanga.

murau mibayiro

Mutemo sezvakarayirwa Red Banner of Labor raiva pfupi chaizvo. Raiva vakasvimha chaichoicho kuti chero chinhu munhu anogona kuonekwa mubayiro uyu. Chikonzero ndechokuti "Red Flag" vaiva chete zviratidzo rukudzo nerudzi rwayo vechiduku mamiriro ezvinhu pfungwa. Zvikurukuru, zvakanzi ataurwa chaiyo tsananguro. Order of Red Banner ndiye chete kusimudzirwa vaigona Award masoja Red Army kwavo basa pakurwa. Vakanga rinozivikanwa ushingi hwavo, ushingi uye kurasira inokosha sevanhu uye vemauto zviyero (kambani, echiShinto, nhengo uye zvichingodaro. D.), uye masangano paruzhinji. Naanamai, paakavapa sezvakarayirwa Red Banner, inonzi "krasnoznamentsami" uye mapoka - "Red Banner". Mune remangwana murau bheji rakapepetwa uye vaisanganisa kakawanda.

All rokutanga "Red Flag" vaisanganisa ne anokosha zvitupa, iyo yaiti, uyo, kana uye chii dhigirii mubayiro ichi yakapiwa. bumbiro iri ndiro rinokosha chaizvo uye zvinokosha chokufunga certifying kodzero zvakakurudzira akapfeka chiratidzo chakadaro. Maererano yepakutanga mutemo, tine kodzero kumiririra chete Order of Red Army commissars namadzishe, vanozvipira Corps uye nezvikepe. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, mazita ainge rakawedzerwa maonero Cavaliers.

Description mibayiro

Badges "Red Flag" akaita esirivheri muchimiro welaurel chishongo (gilded), projecting nheyo dzaro. In yepazasi chikamu tepi raiva, iro rakanyorwa nemabhii yendarama "USSR". Pamusoro murayiro rakafukidza uwane dzvuku mureza pamusoro zvakanyorwa "Proletarians kunyika dzose, vanobatana!" A zvishoma pazasi pakati flagpole chinoyambuka zhenje. miromo yavo repasi vawedzere zvishoma mhiri korona. The murazvo zhenje pamusoro Order vanofanira kufananidzira usingafi Feat wemagamba vechimurenga. Pakati icon iri chena kumashure vari vayambuka sando, chokurimisa uye bhayoneti, iyo ndohwenguva shanu-akanongedza nyeredzi tsvuku inverted. Nechepakati centre iri yendarama Laurel chishongo, mukati izvo kuiswa chena munda gilded sando uye rinopinza.

On akadzokorora Red Banner wakaiswa zvakananga pasi Ribbon nhoo duku chena enamel, izvozvo kufanorongwa nhamba 2, 3, 4 uye zvichingodaro. Dzinomirira uwandu mibayiro chiratidzo ichi. Mureza, Ribbon uye migumo shanu-rwakavakwa nyeredzi akafukidzwa nesadhio mutsvuku enamel, uye mufananidzo sando uye kurima oxidized, dzimwe mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa gilded.

parameters

Arayire Red Labor Banner se ake Battle musiyano wezvinyorwa yakabereka kubva sirivha. kugutsikana yaro mubayiro pamusoro 22,719 magiramu ± 1,389. Common zviratidzo uremu - 25,134 magiramu ± 1,8. Order kukwirira - 41 neMM, upamhi - 36.3 millimeters. Kuburikidza mhete uye Tab zvakabatana mubayiro rectangular chinogumbura, iyo yakafukidzwa Moire nesirika Ribbon, noupamhi 24 millimeters. In payo chinhu longitudinal chena zvitsidzo, noupamhi chiri millimeters sere pedyo micheto mamwe nokurohwa maviri chena ane makubhiti manomwe millimeters nechimwe uye vaviri mitsetse chena ane upamhi mumwe millimeter. Knights of Order kupfeka parutivi pechipfuva rworuboshwe.

Wokutanga jendurumani

The weNobel iyi nomukurumbira mubayiro wokutanga akava Blyuher Vasiliy Konstantinovich, muna 1918 akanga sachigaro kuChelyabinsk Revolutionary Committee. Order of Red Banner, akagamuchira kuti kukwanisa kubatanidza pasi murayiro wake mapoka akawanda zvombo, zvaakatadzisa kufora ake kunozivikanwa kuti Urals. Izvi oparesheni uto Akaperekedzwa zvakakomba uye kwazvo hondo pamwe mapoka nevachena. Blucher akatungamirira gumi-kuzviuru hondo vachifamba yomuvengi shure, uye mazuva makumi mana kunokunda 1,500 makiromita, uye ipapo akabatana guerrillas nguva dzose dzakabatana Soviet. Nokuti nokuita Feat ichi September 30, 1918 Central Executive Committee kuna Blucher hurumende mubayiro - the Order of Red Banner kuti nhamba yokutanga. Zvadaro, pamusoro yose nguva hondo yevagari nguva yakawanda matatu kumiririra ichi nomukurumbira mubayiro. Uye wechishanu kwake Red Banner Revashumiri Vasily Blucher unowana basa rake muna China, apo aiva chipangamazano remauto hurumende yokupandukira. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kubudirira izvi zvose havana kuponeswa Soviet Marshal kuti udzvanyiriri uye rufu.

Great Patriotic War

Panguva Second World War "Red Banner Kukunda" (anonzi Order of varwi Red Army) akanga achishumira 305035 nguva. Varwi zvakawandisa ndakawana mutongo akawanda zvakadaro. Vanofanira kufunga mufananidzo uyu - zviuru anopfuura mazana matatu, uye pasinei nokuti vakadaro chiratidzo riri pakati vepamusoro. Kwakadaro mari pasina chero mashoko anoratidza refu mwero heroism uye kuzvipira kwakaratidzwa nemasoja Russian. Kazhinji, "Red Banner Kukunda" vakagamuchira vatungamiri siyana yeimwe, uyewo vezvikepe kuti vabudirire mufambiro kurwisa / kubhomba, kupfura pasi motokari muvengi. Muduku raakarayira Red Army uye kunyanya vamwe pamisara paakavapa chinokudza izvi apo neapo.

Kunze kune mutemo

Zvisinei, wakaiswa uye nemamwe zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, vechiduku guerrillas Volodya Dubinin akanga paakavapa chiratidzo ichi makore 13, kunyange paakanga afa; uye-makore 14 Igor Pakhomov akanga zvirevo zviviri chete. Chimwe mudzidzi Kiev akagamuchira mubairo uyu kwemakore 12 nokuti akaramba panguva basa maviri regimental mureza.

A izere mazita awardees

Total muna 1918 uye 1991, mubayiro uyu wakabudiswa vanopfuura zviuru 580 nguva, kusanganisira Order of Red Banner of Labor. Uye vamwe vanhu vava kashanu, sixfold, uye vamwe-nguva nomwe naanamai. Wokutanga akanga kukwanisa 1967 Order pamwe nhamba nomwe pamberi divi, Major General Aviation MI Burtsev. Gare gare, mumwe muridzi-nguva nomwe chiratidzo akazivikanwa kubhururuka Ace, Air Marshal I. N. Kozhedub. Nhasi, mubayiro ichi hurumende iri akadzima, asi zviumbu akakurumbira kupfuura uye idzodzo dzemauto kunge akaramba kunzi Red Banner.