Vodka yakabuda rini muRussia? Nhoroondo yechinwiwa chese nyika

Vodka yeRussia inomiririrwa nhasi mune imwe nzvimbo yakawanda kana isiri pasi yakachengetedzwa mune chero chikamu cheRussia ine zvinenge 20-30 marudzi. Icho chinwiwa chisanganiswa chewaini chinowanikwa pane distillation column uye mvura yakanatswa yakagadzirwa. Asi pamusoro pekunwa kunonzi "vodka" inozivikanwa kare kubva muna 1386 (makore matanhatu mushure mekuyeukwa Kulikovo hondo), uye dhipatimendi re distillation yakagadzirwa neFrance kakagara muzana remakore rechina.

Saka apo vodka yakaonekwa muRussia, chii chaimiririra uye chii chatinotenga muchitoro zvino?

Izvo zvakanwa kubva kare kare madzitateguru edu

Nzira yekusimudzirwa yakanga isiri nguva dzose. Asi zvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvave zvichizivikanwa kubva pakanyorerwa. Kurarama muhukuru hweSouth America neAfrica madzinza, kuitira kuti vamutse mweya yavo, vadya avo vakatanga kutotanga michero yakanaka yemimwe michero.

Zvose zvine fungus zvinyoronyoro - mbiriso. Zvinyorwa zvishoma, idzi microorganisms dzinopa shuga, uye dzinobereka ethyl doro C ₂ H ₅ (OH). Mhashu yemhashu inorarama paganda rezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvezvikoroti nemichero. Uye apo vodka yakaonekwa muRussia, kuvhenekera kwaizivikanwa zvikuru.

Maslavhi akashandiswa michina yekuvirisa pasina sublimation, nenzira yakachena. Ikoko kwakanga kusina shuga mumazuva iwayo, saka chikafu chechingwa chaive uchi kana chibereko chakanaka. Nhasi, zvisinei, havasi vanhu vose vanoziva ruzivo rwenzira yekubika chai yekunwa uchi, sei yekuvirisa kvass.

Uyewo muRussia, kunyanya munharaunda dzemagariro, zvinwiwa zvizhinji zvakagadzirwa zvichienderana nemartsti ezviyo - bhari, rye. Izvi ndizvo zvakafanana kvass. Mukuwedzera, doro rakabhurwa kubva pazviyo zvakasimwa. Malt malt yaishandiswa zvakare, pamusana wayo, kunwa, yakagamuchirwa kubva kuvaTatars, yakagadzirirwa.

Ndiani akasika distillation

Uyo akasika vodka muRussia haana kuita shanduko muzvinyorwa zvezvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Zvinyorwa zvekare kare pamusoro pegadziriro yekuzvidzikisa, yakawanikwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, yakadzokera kuzana remakore rokutanga AD. E. Yakanga yakashandiswa, kana iwe uchidavira muchirongwa chekunyora, kwete kunywa. Vakuru vekare vechiGiriki vakaedza kuburikidza nekubatsira kwake kubika ndarama, kusika matombo efilosofi.

Kuvandudzwa kwezvinyorwa zvekudzivirira kwakange kuri muAkare East muzana remakore XI-XII. Kumabvazuva kwaizivikanwa nekubudirira kwemishonga, chigadzirwa chemajini chinoshandiswa ne esculapius yekugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka nemishonga (doro rinonyanya kubudirira kupfuura mvura inoputika mukati mayo maitiro akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kubva kumiti). Izvi zvinoreva kuti doro ratove ratanga kupedzwa, zvisinei, kusvika ikozvino bedzi nokuda kwemishonga.

Europe, cognac uye zvinonhuwira

Munenge pakati pezana remakore rechina rechina rakapararira zvakapararira muEurope. Pakutanga, iyo distillation yakashandiswa, sezvakaitika munharaunda yeArab, yekugadzirira kwemishonga uye mumakemikari anoedza. Asi vaFrench havangave ivo pachavo kana vasina kupa iyo distillate imwe shanduro - kugadzirwa kwezvipfeko. Apo vodka yakaonekwa muRussia, muEurope doro rakanga rave richishandiswa zvakakwana, kusanganisira kudyiwa mukati.

Nhoroondo yechitarisiko chekognac ndeimwe yezvinodhaka zvakanyanya munguva yedu. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanopikisa kuti mhosva, asinganzwisisiki zvakakwana, yava dambudziko.

Kunyanya kuderedzwa kwewaini mune rimwe remaguta eFrance kwakabatisa kuunganidza mahombekombe akawanda ezvinwiwa izvi muzvivigiro. Iwaini yakanga yakasvava, yakapambwa uye yakavimbisa muridzi kurasikirwa kukuru. Uye zvakasarudzwa kuti zviitwe zvose muwaini yewaini.

Zvadaro imwe dambudziko, nekuda kwekuti doro rewaini, iyo yakareba kwenguva refu isina kuwana chido, inorara kwemakore anoverengeka akanganwa mumabharaki oak.

Mvura yacho, yakabudiswa gare gare kubva kumabharaki, yakarova neyoyo nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera kune tambo isina kujairika uye kunhuhwirira, iyo, kusiyana nemwaini, inogona kuchengetwa chero nguva yakareba yei uye inotakurirwa chero kure.

Ndiani akadzidzisa "motokari" yeRussians

Hazvizivikanwi kuti gore ripi vodka rakaonekwa muRussia, asi minyorwa yakachengetedzwa iyo yakatanga kugadzirwa kwemavara, semiz., Mazambiringa emuchero, akaendeswa kuna Dmitry Donskoy sechipo chave vaGeanese vatengesi. Izvo zvakashata zvechipo hazvizivikanwe, zvisinei, kugoverwa kwezvinwiwa panguva ino hazvina kugamuchirwa.

Kazhinji vatengesi vaiuya kuRussia vatova doro guru rewaini, iyi yaiva panguva yekutonga kwaBasil II weChiedza muna 1429. Zvinoda kuziva kuti kechipiri, apo vodka yakaonekwa muRussia, haina kuita kuti boka rekutonga rifadze. Uyezve, kunwa kwakaratidzwa sekukuvadza uye kwakarambidzwa kupinda muMoscow Principality.

Iko vodka yakave riini reRussia

Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwevodka munyika dzeMoscow kunowanzobatanidzwa nezita raIvan Vasilyevich Grozny. Muzana remakore rakadini vodka yakaonekwa muRussia yezvakagadzirwa? Nguva inonyanya kuitika ndeye kuguma kweCV - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi16. Pasinei nekurambidzwa, vakanaka vanokudzwa, pamwe nemamongi mumatari, vakanyarara vakamuendesa kunzvimbo.

Inonyatsozivikanwa kuti John IV akarayira kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemambo, apo vodka yakabudiswa uye inotengeswa. Pakutanga, zvivako zvakagadzira kunwa chete kune tsarist oprichnina uye streltsy. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi mushure mekunge vaona kubatsirika kwekutengesa doro, Grozny akarayira kuvaka matanho emarudzi ose.

Imba yekugadzirwa kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka, kusanganisira pasi-doro zvinodhaka zvekuvirisa, zvakange zvisingabvumirwi zvakasimba. Uye Ivan aityisa haana kuzvidza avo vakashinga.

Chii chaicho chaicho "Russian vodka"

Sezvinenge zvatova pachena kubva munhoroondo, nhoroondo yevodka muRussia, vodka chaiye, ndiyo nhoroondo yekubuda kwezvigadzirwa zvezviyo zvegorosi, icho icho chaicho chiri kuenderera mberi kuno uye imomo mumisha. Icho chaiva chidhakwa icho chaiva yevodka yekutanga yeRussia.

Shuga mumazuva iwayo hazvizivikanwe, saka "zvokudya" zvemugunwe zvinogona kushanda kana michero yakanaka (iyo yakadzika pakati haisi yepamusoro) kana zviyo zvakasimwa uye zvakaomeswa, pamwe chete nayo muMuscovy mumakore ekukohwa zvinhu zvose zvaive zvakarongeka.

Zviyo zvaiparadzirwa zvinyorwa uye zvakafukidzwa nemucheka wakaoma. Pashure penguva yakati yabuda, zviyo zvakagadzirwa nekunaka. Mushure mokunge, zvinyorwa zvakaomeswa pachitofu, zvakabatwa nemaoko uye zvisikwa. Nokudaro, mbeu dzacho dzakasunungurwa nemishonga uye rootlets. Zvadaro zvinotevera nekukuya mune guyo.

Mikiriso yechingwa yakashandiswa panzvimbo yezviroji zvakabikwa. Muzvizhinji, mumabhizimisi makuru, chikamu chekare chiri kushandura kuzvikudza chakangotorwa uye chakawedzerwa kune chitsva.

Vakadzinga vodka, kana "chingwa chewaini", vtemnuyu. Iyi nzira yekugadzira inogona kuwanikwa. Izvi zvinoitwa kana pasina mwenedzimba, uye iwe unoda chaizvo kunwa.

Vodka yeRussia munharaunda

Imwe vodka yeRussia isina kufanirwa inofungidzirwa kunwa yakasakara, yakashata nechepamusoro kunyanzvi zvinhu. Asi nhoroondo yekuonekwa kwevodka muRussia yakafanana neyenyaya yekognac. Pakutanga, apo distillation yemafuta machena yaiitwa mune imwe mhanya, chigadzirwa chose chakashandiswa kunwa pasina kutarisa hurumende yekutonhora. Unhu hwekunwa hwakanga huri nani pane humwe hunyanyisa hukuru.

Muzana remakore rechi18 ne19, varidzi venyika yeRussia vakanwisa zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zvakagadzira zvishandiso zvemambo anotyisa. Tinocherechedza kuonekwa kwevodka muRussia, yakanatswa pamusoro pemarasha, akawanikwa pazvigadzirwa nemavheiri.

Iyo yakagadziriswa yakagadzirwa kaviri, uye payo pachayo, iyo chete yakaperera, yakachena kubva pakusvibiswa kwe methyl ("musoro") uye kubva kumafuta ane mafuta epamusoro ("miswe") yakatorwa kuti ishandiswe.

Mapapiro emakwenzi emishonga yakasiyana-siyana akaparidzirwa kubva kumarudzi kusvika kune mamwe marudzi. Uye kana tikafunga nezvekuti mumazuva iwayo nzvimbo yemiti yakanga isingazivikanwi zviri nani kudarika ikozvino (vanhu vaiziva nguva yekukohwa maruva, kuachengetedza sei), saka tinogona kufunga kuti chigumisiro chacho chakanga chakakodzerawo.

Vaviri vakagadzirira vodka chaiyo "yevakadzi". Kune mazita akawanda mazita echinhu ichi: drinktych, pouring, ratafia. Made ratafia kubva kumhando dzose dzezvibereko nemabriji. Iko kunakidza kunofanirwa kuve muimba yewainiki:

• Apricot;
• Cranberry,
• Cherry;
• Blueberry.

Uye zvakapfuurira muhurukuro dzose kune tsamba "I". Hezvino kunwa, vodka yedu.

Vodka yeRussia - mumwe wevanotambudzwa veHondo Yenyika Yekutanga

Kubudiswa kwevodka kubva muzviyo hakusi nyore. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, korona yekudzorera yakaumbwa muFrance. Kubvira pane zvigadzirwa zvakasvibira (shuga beet, mbatata yakanyungudutswa), zvaikwanisika kuwana ethyl doro rekuchena zvakanyanya. Kushandisa iyi doro kushandiswa mukati musina munhu aizoenda, akashandisa sechigadzirwa chechikoro.

MuRussia, mudziyo uyu wakatanga kuonekwa muma1860s. Anenge pakarepo, doro raishandiswa kugadzirira mweya yakasimba, iri muzvinyorwa zviduku uye sechiedza.

Zvino kwakauya Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Panzvimbo dzehondo, Russia yakagadzirira hondo ine chiuru-yakasimba. Yakanga ichinyangadza kuunza vodka nekuda kwemazana magiramu emakumbo echingwa akanga asingakwanisi, uye pano chinyorwa chekugadzirisa chakashanda sekuponeswa kwechokwadi kwebhajari yeTsar. VaBolshevik, vatora simba, havana kuchinja chero chinhu. Uye sei, rubatsiro rwakadaro kubhadharo!

Vodka naMendeleev

Kazhinji unonzwa nhau dzakawanda, kubva kwokuti vodka yakaonekwa muRussia. Zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa izvi zvisina musoro zvakabatana nezita remusayendisiti mukuru weRussia Dmitry Mendeleyev. Saka semuenzaniso, pane zvinhu zvakawanda unogona kuwana "dhoroondo" demo iyo Mendeleev:

• Aive chidhakwa;
• Pakukumbira kwehurumende, yakatsunga kuti vodka inofanira kuva nenhare ye40%;
• Rimwe nguva akadhakwa kusvika pakurota kwake patafura yake yakakurumbira yerimwe nguva yakaonekwa.

Dmitry Ivanovich zvechokwadi ane chimwe chinhu chekuita ne40%, asi chiyero ichi hachina chokuita nechinwiwa chinwiwa. Nekunyanya kunwa doro nemvura, kunyanya kupindirana kwema molecules kunowanikwa.

Nezvimwe zvinhu zvose, hapana chinhu chinopfuura zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa kakawanda kunze kwenharaunda yeRussia, se "Misha yePurmkin" kana mitambo yeRussia inodhakwa pasi pechiratidzo neyemhuka dzomusango.