Viktor Mihaylovich Vasnetsov. Biography vana

Kana totaura vemifananidzo vaishanda pamusoro "rumutsiriro" epics, Ngano uye ngano, mumwe wokutanga yeuka raiva Vasnetsov. Biography nokuti vana dzinozivikanwa kutanga kuzvarwa tenzi unyanzvi uye wake muduku.

Sei uduku ramangwana Artist?

Uye Viktor Mikhailovich akaberekwa May 15, 1848 mune mumwe musha wainzi Lopyal pedyo Vyatka. baba vake, Mikhail, waiva mupristi womunharaunda. Pashure kuberekwa mwanakomana wake, iye kwakamanikidzwa kune imwe nzvimbo - musha Ryabovo. Amai ramangwana yokudhirowa, Apollinaris Ivanovna, kukwidza vanakomana vatanhatu (Victor pachake aiva wechipiri).

Vasnetsov upenyu hwemhuri yaisagona achanzi zvikuru kupfuma. In musha wavo panguva imwecheteyo kupa tsika uye nzira youpenyu anowanzoramba kuti kumaruwa uye dzomumaguta upenyu. Pakafa mudzimai wake mutariri mhuri aiva baba, Mikhail Vasnetsov. Biography vana, rinotaura pamusoro pfungwa huru upenyu yokudhirowa, anoenderera. Mikhail Vasilievich aiva akangwara uye vakadzidza murume, saka vanoedza kudzidzisa zvose ake nevanakomana kuziva, pakuongorora, kuti avape ruzivo muminda siyana. Asi kuti kupenda mbuya zvevana akadzidzisa. Pasinei urombo, vakuru nguva dzose kuwana mari kutenga zvinonakidza magazini kwesayenzi, pendi, brushes nezvimwe nenhumbi kuti okugadzira zvinhu uye kudzidza. Viktor Vasnetsov pauduku akaratidza dzinoshamisa propensity wokucheresa: pamusoro yokunyora nokudhirowa ake okutanga akawana wakajeka mumaruwa nharaunda uye mifananidzo youpenyu yokumaruwa.

Vamwe vagari vomumusha Viktor Vasnetsov akaona seshamwari dzake dzakanaka uye vakanakidzwa kuteerera nyaya uye nziyo kuti vanoudzwa munguva kuungana panguva chiedza madzerere ane zhenje uye kodhi.

Vasnetsov kufungidzira upenyu hwangu pasina kunyange kuswedera kubva pazera

Vasnetsov Viktor Mihaylovich, ane Biography zvino nyaya yedu kukurukura, akatanga kuswedera mangwanani chaizvo. Asi mumazuva iwayo kwakasarudzwa kuti mwanakomana akanga achifamba pamusoro tsoka baba vake, saka akatanga akaenda kudzidza muchikoro yechitendero, uye ipapo - kune upristi Vyatka. Somunhu seminarian, Vasnetsov kuramba vakadzidza yaMakoronike, anogara yevatsvene, chronograph, magwaro akasiyana-siyana. A vainyatsotarisirwa wavhomorwa kuti mabhuku Old Russian - chinotova akasimbisa rudo Russian kare, izvo kare dzinoratidzwa Vasnetsov. Biography vana, yakatsaurirwa ichi zvinoshamisa yokudhirowa, vanofanira kutaura chokwadi kuti zviri chechitendero Vasnetsov akagamuchira zivo zviratidzo Orthodox, izvo zvino unobatsira kwaari achiri kushanda yakadzika seinäkartta mukereke.

Education in chechitendero haana kurega Victor M. nokushingaira kudzidza kupenda. Muna 1866-1867 gg. kubva mumaoko ake kubva 75 vanodhirowa inoshamisa, iro pakupedzisira vakashanda mifananidzo kuti "Panounganira zvirevo Russian" N. Trapitsina.

A simba mwoyo Vasnetsov akaita kuziva E. Andrioli - Polish yokudhirowa, uyo akanga ari nhapwa. Andrioli anoudza shamwari yake duku pamusoro Academy of Arts muSt Petersburg. Vasnetsov pakarepo akanzwa uchida kuita ikoko. baba The wakadhirowewa havana pfungwa, asi pakarepo akanyevera kuti zvinhu havazokwanisi kubatsira.

Kutanga vakazvimirira upenyu muSt Petersburg

Zvisinei, Vasnetsov akasiyiwa pasina rubatsiro. Andrioli uye shamwari yake Bishop Adam Krasinski akataura mubati Kampaneyschikovym, uye akabatsira kuti kutengesa mufananidzo "The Milkmaid" uye "Reaper," vachera Vasnetsov. Biography vana vanofanira kusanganisira zvimwe kunakidza pfungwa chokuita nayo. Nokuti vakatengesa mifananidzo Vasnetsov akagamuchira 60 rubles, uye mari iyi vakaenda St. Petersburg. Kuzvininipisa uye kusava nechokwadi vakomana havana kumubvumira kutarira kunyange mazita akanyoresa Academy mushure bvunzo. Victor wakagona kubudikidza yaizivikanwa painter kuwana prozhito. Gare gare Vasnetsov chinhu munhu wose uye otanga kuzochera mifananidzo kuti magazini uye mabhuku. Zvadaro anoenda kuchikoro Society kuti akurudzire Artists, apo akasangana naye I.Kramskoy, uyo ane asi kuridza wechiduku wakadhirowewa upenyu rinokosha basa.

Education panguva Academy of Arts uye remangwana upenyu womufananidzo

Muna 1868 Vasnetsov zvakare akaita kuedza kupinda Academy of St. Petersburg. Uye anodzidza kuti okupedzisira nguva achiri akakwanisa zvinobudirira atambidze bvunzo.

kudzidzisa Academy akapa Viktor Mikhailovich neshamwari dzakawanda itsva dzinonakidza. Pano anouya pedyo uye otanga kuita shamwari Repin, Polenov, Kuindzhi, Surikov, Maximov, hama Prahova, Antokolsky, Chistyakov.

Nechekare mugore kwekudzidza rokutanga Vasnetsov anopiwa sirivha menduru, uye ipapo - ". Two mushwi wakadhirowewa muenzaniso" mamwe Medals kuti gadzira mbiri duku zvakasikwa uye kuswedera Makore maviri gare gare vadzidzisi akamupa mubayiro nokuda mufananidzo "Kristu uye Pirato kuti vanhu", nguva ino - hombe sirivha menduru.

iyi yakanga yakaoma zvikuru Vasnetsov. Muna 1870, baba yokudhirowa akafa, uye akatanga kutarisira babamunini vake naamai vake divi, uyo anorota kubwinya, unyanzvi yokudhirowa uye ari kutsvaka mukana mari. Kutanga kubva 1871 Vasnetsov zvikuru kazhinji iri chikoro, kunyanya nokuda kwokushayiwa nguva uye husina utano. Zvisinei, zvichiri basa rinobereka: munguva iyoyo wasimbisa mifananidzo inopfuura 200 kuti "Musoja wacho ABC", "Vanhu vaMwari ABC", "Russian arufabheti vana" (Vodovozov). The Artist iri vakaita pokuenzanisira rengano "The Firebird", "Humpbacked Horse" nevamwe. Vasnetsov ane nguva kunyora pachangu - ave mutemo, izvi zvaiva nhamba iri nevatengi yenyaya.

1875 aiva gore kuchinja zvinoshamisa muupenyu Viktor Mikhailovich. Anobva Academy nemhaka yokuti tinofanira kuwana mari yokuita panzvimbo yokutanga, asi, nokuti anoda vakazvimirira kuva chipo chavo. Panguva vadzungairi inoratidzirwa akaratidza kupenda ake "Tea doro iri tavern," uye rinopera basa "Beggars vaimbi." Muna 1876, iye anouya mufananidzo "Book chitoro" uye "kubva mufurati kuti mufurati."

Mugore iroro Vasnetsov vane mukana wokushanyira Paris. Kushanya France paricharova wakadhirowewa zvokufungidzira uye rakafuridzirwa nazvo, iye akanyora yakakurumbira "Balagan ari Mafuro Paris" (1877).

Kwapera gore, yokudhirowa kumusha kwake, korona Aleksandroy Ryazantsevoy uye wake vakatamira itsva akavamba Moscow.

The mufananidzo of Vladimir Cathedral muKiev - anokosha basa muupenyu Vasnetsov

Muna 1885 A. Vasnetsov Prakhov anotikoka kuti ndiitewo mufananidzo richangobva chakavakwa St. Vladimir raMwari Cathedral (Kiev). Kufunga, yokudhirowa anobvumirana nazvo. Minimum ruzivo nayo atogamuchira pandaishanda pamusoro Abramtsevo chechi kwoMuponesi, uye yakakura. Kuva murume yakadzama nokutenda, zviri kupenda mumachechi Vasnetsov anotanga kuona kudanwa kwake kwechokwadi.

Kupendwa pamusoro muna Vladimir Cathedral Vasnetsov aishandira anopfuura gumi (!) Makore. Pashure pezvose, akanga basa kunyora uye huru petemberi uye apse. The Artist nounyanzvi anofananidzirwa kukosha mifananidzo kubva New uye Old Testaments, vasande Russian, namaberere ennobled ne inoshamisa mapatani. Munhoroondo uri pamusoro XIX remakore, ndeyokuti basa havasi zvakafana. Pashure pezvose, munguva ino Victor M. akasika thumbnails anopfuura mana, uye zvachose nzvimbo mufananidzo anopindura vanopfuura 2 zviuru ba. M. m.!

Basa rakanga anonakidza, asi zvakaoma chaizvo. Pashure V. M. Vasnetsov, ane Biography ndiyo nyaya yedu kukurukura, vainyatsoongorora nyaya nayo aifanira kushanda. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akatanga vakajairana Monuments of Christianity mangwanani, rakachengetedzwa Italy, Pamifananidzo uye mosaics, aivapo Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral, St. Michael uye dzakapendwa dzemamongi Kirillov. Vasnetsov pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kudzidza chokuita minda ounyanzvi: chevarwere iwe, yekare Russian bhuku miniatures. Munzira dzakawanda, pandaishanda, aitungamirirwa nomudzimu Moscow Old Vakatendeka mifananidzo. Uye kunze, Vasnetsov nguva kutarisa kana kukodzera zvakakwana kushanda nomudzimu Church. Vakawanda yokunyora nokudhirowa womufananidzo akamanikidzwa vabude nokuti akaona basa rake harisi chechi zvakakwana, kana nekuti chibvumirano havana kupa chechi kanzuru.

Vasnetsov pachake akatenda kuti basa rake muna Church - zviri "nzira nechiedza," ake pachake kupangidza pamusoro guru tsika. Dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo nokuti zvakanga zvisingabviri kuti anoratidza ichi kana kuti nyaya sezvaakandiudza vakariona mupfungwa dzake.

Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira mifananidzo kuMhandara Vasnetsov akava, kokutanga vanoratidzwa "noushamwari, ushingi uye nomwoyo wose." Mudzimba dzakawanda Russian mukupera XIX-mangwanani XX emakore. Unogona kusangana ayo kubereka.

Mabasa zvakapedzwa muna 1896, uye pamberi mhuri yamambo, iri Cathedral yakanga yatsaurirwa. Vasnetsov kupenda kwakabudirira zvikuru, uye mugore iroro, kumativi ose the artist akawira pasi yakawanda mikana kunyoresa muSt Petersburg, Warsaw, Darmstadt nezvimwe mutemberi. Top rokusika Vasnetsov somunhu muralist, Decorator aiva kupenda ake "Kutongwa Kwokupedzisira."

Vasnetsov - the experimenter, tichibatanidza ake basa vekare tsika uye manpower

Achinyora Kiev Cathedral, Vasnetsov handingadariki nguva harimiri kushanda mamwe Genres. Zvikurukuru, panguva ino, iye akasika kare uye paakaita ichitanga emifananidzo.

Vamwe nguva Viktor Mikhailovich rave wakayeriswa pakusika chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nzvimbo dzokuona.

Muna 1875-1883 gg. Vasnetsov tema atypical kuti vaswedere mufananidzo "Stone Age", iro aifanira vashongedze anovhura nokukurumidza muMoscow Historic Museum.

Asi pane imwe ake mifananidzo yakakurumbira - "Heroes" - womufananidzo vakashanda kuti kwemakumi emakore, uye akapedza basa rayo muna 1898, Vasnetsov pachake akadana ichi kupenda ake "kusvikira chizvarwa vanhu mutoro." Uye muna April gore iroro, nomufaro Pavel Tretyakov akatora uyu mufananidzo wake kuti ave mumwe kupfuura unoshamisa Exhibits wayo maberere.

Mifananidzo Vasnetsov kwakaita kumbosiya vanhu hanya, apo vakavapoteredza kazhinji dzinotyisa gakava vakashanduka. Mumwe kuyemurwa uye vanoyemurwa, mumwe - kutsoropodzwa. Asi hazvishamisi, "kurarama" uye vane basa rake mweya vasingagoni kunooneka.

Vasnetsov akafa July 23, 1926 aine makore 79 nokuda nematambudziko mwoyo. Zvisinei, tsika yaakanga nheyo kuramba uye vachirarama uye kushanda runotevera nenyanzvi.