AG Venetsianov: Mifananidzo nemazita okuremekedza uye rondedzero

kazhinji sei kutsunga basa Russian Artist ane sonorous zita Venetsianov? Paintings unoratidza Genre mifananidzo murimi mudiki upenyu uye akatumidza kutanga wechipfuwo Genre kupenda, ari Chiitiko, iyo pakupedzisira rinosvika nhamba iri Nguva vadzungairi. Asi ukoshi romubati tarenda Venetsianov, kutambudzwa kwevanhu yake unhu aiva rakakura pamusoro pokumuka Russian hausi chete mukati chete Genre negwara. Izvi zvinova kunyanya kuoneka apo kunyatsoongorora mifananidzo yake.

"Portrait of Mother" (1802)

Aleksey Gavrilovich Venetsianov akaberekwa muna 1780 muMoscow mushambadzi mhuri, akanga madzitateguru anobva kuGreece. Vakazozvinzwisisa ari Russian remadunhu- Veneziano, pashure reworked ari Russian manyorerwo muzita. Apo Alex akafarirawo painting, zvidzidzo ake haana sokuti chinhu vabereki zvakakura. Zvichida ndokusaka haana kuwana nguva unyanzvi dzidzo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ruzivo Nzira kuti kupenda akagamuchira kubva "vakomana" rokutanga - Mudzidzisi, uye chikuru kunobva zvinoyevedza dzidzo, iyo vakagamuchira Venetsianov - mifananidzo kubudikidza dzekare mumamiziyamu uye mabasa Painters ano vari Salons namaberere.

Huru Genre muchiRussia art nguva mufananidzo, saka wokutanga anozivikanwa hwezvaizoitika ruzivo Venetsianov anotaura Genre ichi. Uyu mufananidzo mai vake - Anna Lukinichna, Nee Kalashnikova.

Kuoneka sezvo asi haana chakanaka umhizha makumi maviri majaya sei zvakaoma yaiswa kuchinjwa uwandu mhepo uye chiedza. Asi zviri pachena, uye zvakawanda - kukwanisa kwayo kutamira textures siyana rejira, kuvimba nomufananidzo yakakwana. Uye Chikurukuru - akakwanisa kubudisa manzwiro muenzaniso wake zvimwe kuvhiringidzika uye kukakavadzana kubva mai vake kujaira basa uye maonero munyoro.

"Self-asian" (1811)

Pashure 1802 Venetsianov akatamira Petersburg, apo ari kuedza kuti zita iwe wotanga kushandisa unyanzvi chouviri. Nokukurumidza, anotofanira kupinda basa aivawo nechinzvimbo muhurumende posvo yacho. Makorokoto akamutendera kuti Kunyatsoziva yakakurumbira asian painter V. L. Borovikovskim (1757-1825), uyo akarumbidza ari mufananidzo Venetsianov uye akava mudzidzisi wake basa uye muupenyu. Zvichida nokuti simba Venetsianov aikumbira Academy of Arts pamusoro risiti ari pamutemo wenyaya rokupenda. Maererano bumbiro iri Academy, wacho aifanira kuzviisa basa ravo. Kuti uyu mugumo Venetsianov anonyora kuzvipira asian.

Mumufananidzo uyu tinogona nechekare kuona mukuru pamwero unyanzvi unyanzvi womufananidzo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi uye zvakarurama nokushanda muiti wechokwadi, asina uchidanana kubata uye zvemaoresa. Zvikuru yakanga hunoyerwa uye mupfungwa kudzika mufananidzo wakasika by the artist. Pano ngaiteerere uye omerera basa, uye zvakajeka akanzwa nepfungwa kuzvikoshesa.

Venetsianov akanga pakutsvaga Board of Academy of Arts mu "rwendo" - mumwe wevakadzidza nenhanho zvinodiwa womufananidzo akaita kuti zvibvire kuti vawane musoro academician pashure basa raakapiwa ne Board. Venetsianov akava academician pashure pokunyora kupiwa asian Madz Golovachevskogo.

"Pamuitiro" (1821)

Nguva pfupi pashure mekugamuchira musoro academician kuti kupenda Venetsianov ndasiyiwa guru, uye basa uye kugara kuchamuka ake Safonkovo muna Tver province. Pano anosika chinokosha mabasa ake wakayeriswa poetizatsii murimi mudiki upenyu.

Asati atanga basa firimu "pamuitiro," yokudhirowa akarayira serfs ake kuti nekukatanura rusvingo kumberi mushedhi guru apo zviyo yaichengetwa. Akashingaira basa kutamira Linear maonero nokudzika, akadai avo vamubaya mifananidzo iri painter French Francois Granet. Kunze zvinoshamisa kwayo nguva mifananidzo ikaramba ichiserera kure muchadenga, zvinoorora nokungwarira Kuronga ndakarovha wokutanga trimester mu kunoisawo siyana inofananidza vanhuwo zvavo uye mhuka. Vazere yekare kukosha uye zvinoshamisa nhetembo.

Painting akarumbidza Emperor Alexander I, uyo akaritenga kubva yokudhirowa, uye ichito munyori rin'i ine nedhaimani. Zviri zvishoma kwakadzikira mamiriro ake zvemari.

"Pazuva arable nyika. Spring "(1820)

Vazhinji mifananidzo Alekseya Gavrilovicha Venetsianova azere zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika kuti vachiri mhiri nyanzvi uye mudzidzi unyanzvi. Utava duku yakadaro (65 X 51cm) pamwe anenge bottichellievskim zita uye nhetembo kuridza kuenderana nezviri rounyanzvi mukuru Renaissance. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi mufananidzo - chikamu dzinotevedzana pasi mwaka.

purazi basa Chiitiko hunoratidzika chiito izere matsvene, yepasi pose pfungwa. Mufananidzo mukadzi wechiduku uyo akauya basa rakaoma, akapfeka zvakanaka mbatya dzavo, mwana pamupendero kusango, vachiita zano rakafanana icon Musikana, kunyangarika mukudzika mugirazi chifananidzo mumwe murimi mudiki - zvose azere zvakavanzika. Azere kukosha uye nyore zvikuru, nzvimbo, kuzorwa nawo pane izvi munhuwo uye panguva imwe chete noumambo chiitiko. Alex Venetsianov vane mifananidzo zvakaoma anotaurwa imwe Genre, vaiona mumwe havaoni wokuRussia enhetembo yakanaka.

"Vakohwi" (1820)

Asi chikuru Genre nokuti Venetsianov ndiye mufananidzo, uye mukuru basa, yaanosarudza - kuratidza kufarira zvechokwadi uye kuremekedza vaya inomiririra. Yakakwirira art kupenda pamwe conciseness uye runako kuti sezvamunoita kunosimbisa pfungwa kuti chinobata Venetsianov Fafitera. Pictures, kurondedzerwa kuti tigutsikane kuti anogona kusangana mashoko mashomanana, achirova kudzika uye pakawanda, kunyange kana magamba avo - munhuwo vanhuwo zvavo.

On ruoko kuvacheki, kumbomira kwekanguva kuti zororo, akagara kungozvifunga maviri. Nokuda pamafudzi navo vakatarisa mukomana, kungokangaidzwa runako rwavo. Artist Paint anenge hornblende - kufunga zvino vakareruka mapapiro kubhururuka uye inonyangarika kuchipisa yezhizha. Sezvo chaiye protagonists - zviso zvavo, maoko uye nguo. inzwi Real uye manzwiro varehwa mukadzi muduku uye mwana, uye Chikurukuru - a palpable pfungwa sei yafambira Venetsianov.

"Morning womunda" (1823)

Venetsianov rokuva muvambi Genre kusiyana mune Russian unyanzvi hazvirambiki. Mumwe wokutanga akaedza anokwezvera chaihwo kunaka Russian hunhu, tichigadzira nzira ramangwana Pazvinhu nzvimbo painter - Levitan, Shishkin, Kuindji Savrasov. In mufananidzo akaratidza zvikuru kujairika vanonyanya kutaurwa - vanhu rwacho. Asi poetizatsiya Genre Fani kwakanga zvikuru itsva.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti heroines kuti kupenda tenzi wake akaita wake - Martha Afanasevnu - uye wake serf vasikana. Izvi anotsanangura kunzwa kuti hwakazara izvi kanivhasi. Hapana nebope pakati mwene uye navaranda vake indentured - zviri zvakawanda semhuri chiitiko umo vasikana vane chimiro uye wakadzikama runako. No zvishoma rinokosha iri muchinangwa firimu ezvinhu: norudo rakanyorwa kubva mukati kugutsikana uye - unoshamisa zvikuru - nyoro, asi achiri kuzadza chiedza.

"Zakharkov" (1825)

Murimi mudiki vana - kakawanda vatambi Portraits uye Genre mifananidzo, dzaakanyora Venetsianov. Painting "Sleeping Mufudzi", "Ava ndivo batkin uye kudya", "Mufudzi ne nyanga" zvinoratidza vana havasi usina muviri makerubhi vane mifananidzo uye chaiwo mifananidzo - a dzakazara mabhii pamwe yayo hunhu, kusangana nemanzwiro akasimba kuti vari chikamu kuwirirana kwenyika. Ndizvo Zakharkov - the protagonist of kupenda Venetsianov. With zita uye tsananguro mabasa akadai by the artist anganzwisisa rakapihwa yake mudzidzisi, iyo avasakadza mu Russian kupenda.

Akashamisika pamusoro njodzi matarenda vana vakaberekwa serfs, paakaona chivanze mukomana ari kuedza nezvevaKristu chinhu ari choko pamusoro bhodhi rokunyorera. "Venetsianov chikoro" Nokukurumidza ichi akaberekwa. Kuwedzera kudzidza unyanzvi womufananidzo wokupupura, akapa murimi mudiki vana pokugara, zvokudya uye akanwisa kwavari, vakawanda vakaedza kutenga kunyika dzesango. Pakati vadzidzi Venetsianov - shasha Grigory Soroka uye vanenge 70 vemifananidzo, vakawanda vacho vakapedza kudzidza Moscow Academy of Arts Akanaka. mabasa chikoro kutora nzvimbo patinoshorwa kubva pamutemo renyanzvi vasiri paakavapa musoro Venetsianov uri mudzidzisi.

"Panguva yokukohwa. Summer "(182?)

Upenyu hwake haagoni kunzi asinganetseki, kwagara izere pamabasa uye matambudziko. Zvinosiririsa uye zvisingatarisirwi raiva magumo - Alex Gavrilovic akaurayiwa muna 1847 apo rimwe bhiza, mahanisi ngoro yake, pakarepo achitya uye atambura, uye akanga achiedza kuvamisa, vakawira munzira.

Munhu panyika, kubvumirana ukama hwake zvakasikwa, zvose nyika yakavapoteredza - musoro womufananidzo Venetsianov huru chaizvo uye kukosha nhaka yake, chinhu icho zita rake airemekedzwa nevanhu connoisseurs uye amateurs wokuRussia kupenda. The kupenda, unoratidza nomukohwi pamusoro pakanyorwa kucherechedzwa Russian landscape, uye kukosha kwokuva nzvimbo - mumwe vertices yeRussian rokupenda kukuru.