Vatsigiri ve ... Inshushi: unhu, mabasa uye njodzi

Mune makambani einishuwarenzi vanhu vanotendeukira kutsvaga kuchengetedza kwemari kana zvichiitika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingafanoonekwi. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakajeka kuti vatsigiri vehopi, chii chavanoita, chinangwa uye izvo zvavanoita. Uyewo achapiwa mazano pakusarudza kambani yakatendeseka yekusvika kwepurogiramu yeInishuwarenzi.

Chirevo uye chinangwa

Vatsigiri vezvemutemo vane masangano ane chirevheni chekuita mabasa ehurhuwarisi, kugumisa zvibvumirano nevatsigiri vehurumende uye vanoita kupa rubatsiro rwemari kwavari kana pane chiitiko chekuchengetedzwa.

Mamashoko akajeka, unogona kutaura kuti inshuwarisi yakatarisana newe ndiyo kambani yawakauya kuzosimbisa hupenyu kana pfuma (kana chimwe chinhu chinokosha).

Mumutauro weRussia, zvinoreva shoko rokuti "bhizimisi" rinobva pashoko rokuti "kutya". Pazinga risingazivikanwi, basa rine zita iri rinodzima. Kune imwe nyika zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana: Inishuwarenzi yeChirungu inonzi inishuwarenzi kubva pashoko rechokwadi, iyo inoshandura sekutenda.

Vamwe vatengesi neizvi uye vanobatanidza nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemakambani einishuwarenzi kune imwe nyika uye muRussia Federation.

Zvichienderana nekuwanda kwemutemo weRussia Federation, iyo inshuwarisi (kambani yveshuwarenzi) inofanira kuva neimwe yezviitiko zvinotevera zvehurongwa uye zvepamutemo:

• Imhosva yekambani yekambani;
• Neinezve mutoro;
• Vhura kambani yekubatana;
• Yakavharwa pamwe joint company company.

Authorized capital

Asi kwete yose "JSC" kana "LLC" inogona kuva inshuwarisi. Chokutanga pane zvose, vashandi vesangano rezvemitemo vanofanira kuva nemari yakakwana yekuumba gwaro rakagamuchirwa, iro rinoenderana nezvinodiwa zviri pasi apa.

Kuyera kwehukuru hwahwo hunoumbwa kubva pachidimbu chemamiriyoni makumi matatu emabhururi. Uye izvi zviyero zvinowanikwa nemamwe ecoefficients, ayo anoenderana nebasa rinouya remasangano. Grid ye coefficients yakakamurwa munzvimbo dzinotevera:

1. Vatsigiri vanozobatanidzwa mu inshuwarisi yezvipingamupinyi zvine chokuita noupenyu kana hutano, kupa kwekurapa.
2. Sevhesi 1, asi pamwe chete nehuwarisi yehupfumi yakabatana nehuwandu, mutoro, uyewo njodzi dzebhizimisi.
3. Vatsigiri vanogadzirira kuvhara upenyu hwevagari vemo kana kurarama kusvika kumakore akataurwa.
4. Makambani eInishuwarenzi anoronga kupinda mu inshurensi yehupenyu kubva pangozi uye yehutano inshuwarisi.
5. Vatsigiri vanodikanwa kuti vabatsirwe.

Marudzi e-insurers

Maererano nemutemo, vatsigiri veRussia vakaparadzaniswa mu:

• Inishuwarenzi masangano;
• Mutual insurance society.

Zvinonzwisisika kuti masangano einishuwarenzi ari vekuchengetedza zvakananga, avo vanoita mabasa avo emabhizimisi, vachipa rubatsiro kumunhu mumwe nomumwe kana masangano edzimhosva mukutora matambudziko.

Ichocho, chinangwa chikuru chemasangano akadaro ndechokuwana purogiramu kubva pamabasa anopiwa, ayo anobva apiwazve zvakare pakati pevatsigiri vavo uye vadzidzisi.

Panguva iyi, makambani ehurumende ye inshuwarisi haagoni kuita zvekutengeserana. Izvo sangano rinosanganisira vanobatana, pamwe nekugadzirisa zvido zvemumwe nemumwe pamusoro pehutano hwehutano.

Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti masangano akadaro anoshandiswa nevatsigiri vehurumende uye basa pamari yezvipo zvavo. Chinangwa chavo ndechokuti vashandise zvido zvevatori vechikamu mumishandiro einishuwarenzi nemutengo wakanaka. Munyaya yekubhadhara mari, mari yose inoramba iri mumasangano akadaro, kureva, ma-inshuwarisi ivo pachavo.

Ndeipi inofanira kuva iyo inshuwarisi?

Vatsigiri havasi masangano emabhizimisi anowana mari kubva kumhepo. Vanofanira kunge vari kunyatsozvidavirira pamabasa avo. Unhu hwakanaka hweinishuwarensi mari haungagoni kuzvirumbidza chero ipi zvayo.

Chokutanga pane zvose, mutoro wemu inshuwarisi uri mukuti sangano rinofanira kuvimbisa kune vashandi varo vakagumisa chibvumirano nacho, imwe nhanho yekudzivirirwa kwemari mumamiriro ezvinhu akataurwa muchibvumirano.

Paunosarudza kambani yemishuwarenzi, teerera zita rayo. Iwewo unoda kuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvinotevera zve inshurenzi:

• Kutarisa nzvimbo munzvimbo yeinishuwarenzi yemari ;
• Nhamba yemari yepuriyamisi ;
• Kuwanika uye tsanangudzo yemamiriro ezvinhu umo kubhadhara inshuwarisi hakuiti;
• Nhengo mumishuwarisi yepasi rose;
• Mutengi anotsanangura.

Kodzero dzekambani dzemishuwarisi

Kudzidza vatengesi, zvakakosha kubhadhara kambani, iyo imwe kana imwe kambani inopa kuisa vashandi vavo. Inotsanangura zvakajeka mabasa uye kodzero dze inshuwarisi, pamwe chete nevatengi vayo.

Zvechokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvinoenderana nemhando yehushandi yemishandiro uye mamiriro ayo anopiwa. Asi isu tinokwanisa kuziva pfungwa huru pamusoro pekodzero dze inshuwarisi, iyo inowanikwa mumakambani mazhinji einishuwarenzi:

• Kukumbira kubva kumubhadhara kubhadharwa kwenguva yakakodzera yeinishuwarensi yemari inotsanangurwa musangano;
• Gamuchira ruzivo pamusoro pemutengi unobvumirana naye, iyo haisi chakavanzika chebhizimisi;
• Paanobvumirana nechechipiri kune chikamu, kuita shanduko pairi;
• Unilaterally inogumisa chibvumirano nguva isati yapfuura maererano nemitemo inopiwa nedhidhiyo;
• Pakuitika kwechiitiko cheinishuwarenzi kutumira mibvunzo kumitambo inobvumirana yekuwana zvikonzero nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakaitika;
• Chengetedza kutenderwa nemitemo yesungano neye inshuwarisi;
• Dzorera mubhadharo nokuda kwekukuvadza mushure mekuitika kwechiitiko che inshumo nekuda kwekuputsika kwevimbisi yemitemo yesungano uye kusakwanisa kutora matanho ekudzivirira, kuwana mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti kuitika kwe kurasikirwa.

Kambani imwe neimwe ye inshuwarisi inogona kuwedzera kana kubvisa zvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa. Icho chinongobva chete pamutemo waro, izvo hazvifaniri kuputsa zvinodiwa nemutemo weRussian Federation.

Ndezvipi zvinotarisirwa?

Inofanirawo kuonekwa uye kusungirwa kwekambani dzemishuwarenzi, iyo inowanikwa mune zvibvumirano zvevose:

• Kana zviitiko zvekuchengetedzwa zvakagadziriswa nekontrakiti inotanga kushanda, kuripa mari yehushuwarisi kumubatsiri kana musingakanganisi zvikamu zvose zvebvumirano;
• Inokonzera inshuwarisi mutemo (kontrakiti) kune bhizinesi panguva yekupedzisira kwayo;
• Kuchengeta chakavanzika pamusoro pehutano hwemunhu wekambani akapiwa panguva yebasa rayo;
• Dzorerai mari inoshandiswa nehutsigiti kuti iwedzere migumisiro yezvinoitika zvechiitiko che inshuwarisi.

Panogona kunge kune dzimwe mamiriro. Dzidza chibvumirano zvakanaka musati wasiya. Kana zvisina kudaro, iwe unomhanyira njodzi yekusiyiwa isina chinhu, kunyange nekutangira kwechiitiko cheinishuwarenzi.

Maonero evanhu

Kune maonero akasiyana uye maonero pamusoro pekudiwa kwekutendera mukambani ye inshuwarisi. Kune vanhu vanodavira mashura vanotenda kuti inshuwarisi vatumwa kune chimwe chakaipa. Izvi zvinoreva, nokutenga inshuwalisi, iwe unowanzoita kuti iwe uve mumatambudziko.

Kunewo maonero anopesana pamusoro pemabasa akadaro. Mune mazano akanaka mazano pamusoro pemakambani einishuwarenzi. Somuenzaniso, kune vanhu vakawanda vanotarisana nechikwereti. Sezvaunoziva, kutora chikwereti kunodhura zvikuru. Asi makambani ehushuwarisi anorayira kuti atsigire hupenyu hwomutsivi wezvokudya, kana zvakadaro munyaya iyi iwe unogona kuramba usingakwanisi kubhadhara chikwereti.

Zvigadzirise iwe pachako

Vanhu avo vakatambura kurasikirwa vanofunga kuti inshuwarisi ndeyekuchengetedza mari uye kuvimba mune ramangwana. Iwe chete nenzira iyi iwe unogona kuzvionera iwe rubatsiro munguva dzakaoma. Zvechokwadi, iwe uchada kuvhara njodzi dze inshuwarheni nekubhadhara chikwereti pasi pegvumirano. Asi chero zvakadaro, hukuru hwayo hwakawanda kudarika dambudziko rezvemari rinogona kusimuka pane chimwe chiitiko chinosuruvarisa kana njodzi.

Maitiro ekuita iwe, iwe unoda kuzvisarudzira iwe pachako. Hazvina mhosva kuti tinoda sei, asi muhupenyu kune mamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisi nekuchenjerera kwedu kana kutarisira. Pane nguva dzose mukana wechiitiko chakaitika.