Utano hwemarariya muRussia: chii chaunoda kuziva

Anopheles, kana kuti muteyo wemarariya, muRussia inomiririrwa nemarudzi gumi anogara munzvimbo yeEurope uye kuMadokero Siberia. Kumabvazuva kweSiberia nokuda kwehupenyu hwemhando iyi haisi yakakodzera, sezvo kupisa kunotonhora kunouraya. Iyo mutezo wemarariya ine nhoroondo yakareba - archaeologists akawana marudzi maviri emadzitateguru ezvipembenene zvezvipembenene. Kazhinji Anopheles anofungidzira utsi huzhinji-refu-makumbo. Asi izvi hazvisi izvo. Uwandu hwemasquito emarariya hunosiyana zvishoma nezvinoitika. Kana iwe usingafungiri zvakanyanya, ipapo zvose zviri zviviri zvakafanana zvakafanana. Nzira yekusiyanisa utsi hwemarayari kubva mumhutu chaiwo? Ane mawere mazhinji, tendeti mumusoro wake inenge yakaenzana nekureba kune proboscis, mapapiro aya masikati, tsvina yekudyara paganda inongoratidzika kune iyo.

Kufanana nevamiririri vose veGentera, maopheles anopfuura nhanho dzekukura: egg, larva, pupa uye munhu mukuru. Nhatu dzokutanga dzinopinda muzvivako uye dzinopera kubva pavhiki kusvika kune maviri, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze. Upenyu hutsva hwezvipembenene hunopedza mavhareji emavhiki mashoma. Munguva ino, vanhukadzi vanogona kuisa mazai kubva kuma50 kusvika ku2 mazai, iyo inofamba pamusoro pemvura. Mushure memazuva 3-4 pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mabubu anoonekwa kubva kwavari. Vanoshingaira kudya, kukura uye pane imwe nguva vanokanda ruvara rwavo rwekare, vachitendeukira kuva pupae. Upenyu hwehutachiona hwemarariya pachikwata chepupal hunopfupika. Hora yake inoputika, uye mhuka yakakura inowanikwa, yakanyatsoumbwa uye yakagadzirira upenyu hwezvimirira.

Utsi hwemarayari muRussia hunowanikwa mushure mechando muna April, asi kusvika pakati pezhizha nhamba yezvipembenene yakanyanya kuduku. Nhamba huru inowanikwa kubva munaJuly kusvikira pakupedza. Utano hwemarariya husiku. Upenyu hwavo hunoita hunotanga pamasikati uye hunopedza kusvikira mangwanani. Panguva yemasikati, Anopheles vanodzivirira nzvimbo dzinopenya dzinosvika kune mhepo, uye dzinogara mumumvuri uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Izvo zvakakosha kwavari ndezvokugara. Maererano nevekupedzisira WHO data, utachiona hwemarariya hutachiona hutachiona hwemapfupa akasiyana-siyana, ayo anenge anenge makumi mashanu anogona kukanganisa muviri wemunhu. Nenzira, chinhu chinonakidza: hutachiona hweAIDS hutachiona hwemarariya haugoni kumira, nokuti microorganism inongofa mudumbu rezvipembenene.

Mushonga wemarariya muRussia inonyanya kuipa kumunhu maererano nehutachiona hwehutachiona kwete chete nemarariya asiwo nedzimwe zvirwere. Kusvikira 1917 munharaunda yehurumende yedu, kusvika mamiriyoni 8 ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvakanyoreswa gore negore. Pakazosvika makore makumi mashanu, Soviet Union yakatenda kuti chirwere chacho chakakundwa zvachose, asi pakutanga kwema70s, zviitiko zvemarariya zvakaratidzwa zvakare kuburikidza nekurumwa kwezvipembenene. Nhasi, utsi hwemumukwe muRussia hupenyu, huwandisa uye hunofamba husingadzorwi. Mhosva yemarariya muMoscow neLeningrad nzvimbo dzakawanda. Nyanzvi dzinobatanidza zvinhu izvi nekutama kwevatorwa vanobva kumaodzanyemba. Malaria chirwere chakakomba. Inongorapwa chete muchipatara, uye kwemakore maviri anotevera zvakakosha kuchengeta chiremba.