Uswa chikafu: wembudzi meme, apila, chemombe, inotapira Clover. Useful ehupfumi, kurimwa

Annual kana perennial zvadzinofura rekushongedzesa - zvirimwa zvinokosha kuti vari vairima mhuka zvokudya. Dzinoratidzwa akanaka goho, muviri kukosha uye vane chinokosha uye ichiita mabasa akawanda basa pakusimbisa zvokudya chawo. Kura navo mutema zvadzinofura, silage, haylage, uswa, uswa kudya uye mutsika zvigare.

Grass zvadzinofura - zvokudya zvinokosha nokuti rine puroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi, faibha, uye mavhitaminzi siyana uye zvicherwa kuti zvinokosha muupenyu kukura uye kukura nemhuka. kukosha kwayo zvoupfumi kunoenderana muviri, negoho, palatability zvipfuwo, uyewo kuwanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Mhando zvadzinofura rekushongedzesa

In nyika yedu iri kukudziridzwa anopfuura 80 mhando tsika iyi, uye kune vanenge 5,000 dzinongoitika nyika.

All zvokudya uswa akakamurwa 4 mapoka:

• bhinzi;
• bota;
• petsanga;
• forbs.

Nokuti nguva oupenyu uswa nezvokudya zvezvipfuwo kunogona kuva Annual uye Perennial plants.

Mhuri bhinzi

Bean zvadzinofura uswa zvadzinofura munyika nyika yedu rinowanikwa shoma, asi ane kumbonyanya yakakwirira zvokudya ehupfumi: tsika akapfuma mapuroteni uye wakanaka kudyiwa nemhuka. Chinonyanya kwakapararira apila (tsvuku, chena, pink), Lotus corniculatus, chemombe, yellow, wemarudzi, etc. chinzvimbo.

Mhuri rekushongedzesa

boka Izvi kwakapararira munzvimbo dzinenge zvose munzvimbo (kunze mumarenje) uye anopa zvakawanda chirimwa anofudzwa zvadzinofura kana uswa (kazhinji kusvika 80-90%). zviyo Most vane yakakwirira wakaoma chiremerera, kunyanya vechiduku avo ezvinhu. Panguva senouborki panguva kupwa miti iyi zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa mashizha, izvo zvinokosha nhengo. Chinonyanya zvakapararira zviyo zvakadai munhenga, quackgrass, Ostrets, et unto.

Petsanga uswa nezvokudya zvezvipfuwo

To boka iri miti zvinosanganisira miti vemhuri Cyperaceae uye Juncaceae. tsika idzi kuti sezvisinganyanyi kukosha mune dyisa plan, uye asi zvakaipisisa kudyiwa nemhuka, asi ari kuchamhembe kumatunhu sango mapazi kazhinji vanoumba unorema uswa (mvura petsanga, Carex tetepa, uye vamwe). Uye mugwenga uye Semi-gwenga, sedges vakawanda zvinokosha zvadzinofura chirimwa.

motley uswa

boka iri zvinosanganisira zvimwe mhuri yose botanical chirimwa. Rekushongedzesa - wemarudzi uswa zvadzinofura, izvo dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva kusvika 60-70% yacho kumira. The chikuru chikamu kwavo zvikuru zvoupfumi kukosha. Plants veboka iri zvinovaka muviri kupfuura zviyo, asi vakawanda vavo vari ndoda kudyiwa ne mhuka nokuda zvinovava kuravira, thorniness, pubescence uye vamwe. Small kugutsikana rekushongedzesa (cuff, voikukka, kumini, etc.) In hunomira (20%) - chinodiwa kushandisa nekuti zvicherwa nziyo kunonatsiridza palatability uye zvipfuwo zvake.

A dzakawanda miti kuti boka iri huswa uswa kushandiswa iri zvikuru chisingadiwi, nekuti:

• izvozvo displaces zvikuru zvinokosha bhinzi uye zviyo;
• pakati rekushongedzesa rwawana sora (munda bindweed, norukato yeyero uye nevamwe.) uye chepfu (muchetura buttercup, hellebore, kwawakabva muchetura aconite uye nevamwe.) zvinomera.

Fudza rekushongedzesa pagore

The peculiarity pamusoro wegore zvadzinofura rekushongedzesa kuti kukura kwavo kutenderera rapera mukati gore, uye vanofa. Dyara nokuti greenery pamusoro kudyisa, silage, uyewo kupa pfungwa yokushanda chikafu. Annual rekushongedzesa ipai yakakwirira goho yakasvibirira guru, vane yakakwirira muviri ukoshi, vane mwaka pfupi kukura.

Nokuti chokuti Mowing miti okusimba kunoitika muna vangasvika 50-60 mazuva, tsika idzi inokosha nokuda zvenguva zvirimwa, vari mubishi nomudzimai.

Annual rekushongedzesa vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• bhinzi;
• bluegrass (bota).

Annual legume zvadzinofura zvirimwa vari zvadyarwa mangwanani yechirimo. The zvinokosha zvinomera - chitubu nechando vetch, chinzvimbo, zvokudya lupine, ornithopus.

Dzezviyo vava kuda kupisa-Annual, vari vakasimwa zvakanaka nenharo ivhu kuti nokudyara pakutanga kwematsutso zvirimwa. The chinokosha ndiwo: Sudan uswa, kutya, mhunga, wepagore ryegrass, Siberian mapfunde parera mapfunde nevamwe.

Perennial zvadzinofura rekushongedzesa

Perennial zvadzinofura uswa - kudyara herbaceous miti, upenyu hunotarisira iyo vanopfuura mumwe gore. Vari vairima mhuka zvokudya.

Netsika zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 50 marudzi zvinomera. Vari unodyarwa anowanzodanwa muchimiro uswa wemisanganiswa, iro kunobatsirawo pamusoro zvadzinofura yepamusoro uye hwevhu. Dyara zvirimwa sezvo yakachena uye ndinosika kukudziridzwa mafuro ndiyo chirimwa kutenderera.

Mugore upenyu rokutanga, perennial rekushongedzesa vari kukura zvisanduke, vashoma nemasora uye zvinogona yakaderera goho. Saka, vari varumbidzwa pashure vachidyara zviyo kana mutsara zvirimwa composted mupfudze kana ivhu.

Perennial rekushongedzesa uye zvezvipfuwo akakamurwa:

• Poa (uswa). Vanhuwo zvikuru: Timoti, brome, perennial ryegrass, gorosi uswa, ryegrass varefu, Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass mnogoukosny, mutete wheatgrass, wemichero uswa, bentgrass chena, uye tsvuku fescue, foxtail uye nevamwe.
• Bhinzi: chemombe, apila chena, tsvuku apila, apila vaaleanpunainen, sainfoin, Lotus corniculatus.

Kuti vagadzire zvikuru zvibereko uswa vanofanira Rokumanikidzwa zvaidiwa chikuru nemiitiro zvokurima kuti kurimwa tsika.

wembudzi Rue

Kozljatnika anorondedzera kuti perennial miriwo remhuri bhinzi. Chokumisa mapazi twasu, kazhinji wasvika rimwe kukwirira 1 m, uye rakaorera nevhu anokwanisa kukura kusvika 1.5 m. The midzi ane tsvimbo mhando, germinates uye 80 masendimita zvakadzama. On huru pamudzi nhamba yevana yakabereka. Chokutanga, havana kuva yakatambarara kune masendimita 30 uye ipapo imere uye kuumba itsva madzinde.

Anosiya imparipinnate kwaikonzerwa miti, kusvikira masendimita 30.

Wembudzi meme - zvadzinofura uswa pamwe akacheneruka Violet kana maruva yebhuruu kuti Dzakafanana mabhero, izvo aunganidzwa mu Inflorescence-bhurasho. On mumwe hunde ipapo inogona kuumbwa kuti 3-5 zvidimbu. Fruiting kunoitika muna September naOctober. Beans diki kukura (2-4 masendimita refu), rima orenji, anenge mashava, 3-7 ari mbeu muchero. Wembudzi meme ane nani kunonoka kukura, uye kana hazvisi kusvikira matsutso inokura kusvika 20 cm kureba, chinonyanya kazhinji workpiece iri zvaitambidzwa makei.

Mbeu vanokwanisa kuramba unhu kumera kusvika makore 8.

Wembudzi meme ndiyo chando nemishonga chaizvo zvirimwa kuti anogona kushivirira zvakanaka kunyange dzechando noutsinye zvikuru.

2 anozivikanwa mhando ichi chirimwa Oriental wembudzi meme (miriwo zvokudya) uye pakurapa.

ryegrass wegore

kosha chaizvo zvadzinofura chirimwa, achipa mutema zvokudya zvakanaka uye uswa. The mutema guru rine 3.2% mapuroteni, 2.3% mapuroteni, 8% Mishonga faibha. Ake matsvuku akadyiwa mombe, mukuwedzera, ndiko kudya wakanaka mumhuri shiri. Annual ryegrass uswa muviri hausi muduku uswa mokutya, Sudan uswa nezvimwe nechipo zvirimwa. Mhuka kudya zvakanaka uye uswa. Annual Goho inokonzerwa - vanenge 7-8 t / ha ouswa guru - kusvikira 20-30 t / ha, mbeu - 0.5-0.6 t / Ha.

Annual ryegrass ane mukuru otavnost, panguva mwaka wokukura anopa 2-3 mowings. Pashure chechipiri Mowing kukura nemigumisiro rinogona kushandiswa mafuro zvadzinofura kusvikira mukupera nokuwa, sezvo inobvumira kuduku kuwa frosts.

melilot

Izvi vane mwero wepagore kana biennial legume, kukwanisa kukura ari murombo chaizvo, jecha, dzine mabwe nevhu nevhu, uyewo munzvimbo idzi pasina topsoil. Clover chirimwa hakusi kutya sesaline uye alkaline nevhu, asi haadi acidic wetlands uye inoratidza rinorema nyika pedyo napedyo petafura mvura. The midzi yakasimba uye yakatanga zvakanaka, saka izvi mushonga anogona kupa zvirimwa zvakanaka dzisinganayi munzvimbo dzimwe zvadzinofura zvirimwa apise. Kana zvakakwana kwazvo kukohwa mvura ouswa guru kunogona kusvika matani 8.7 / Ha.

Clover chirimwa iri vakabudirira kushandiswa kwete zvokudya asiwo girini mupfudze.

Mbeu imere panguva tembiricha inobva 2 kusvika 50 ° C, mabukira angakudzivisai nechando -6 ...- 5 ° C, uye kutonhora nemishonga perennial dzimwe mhando chando asingatyi 40 ° C.

Sweet Clover inokosha mukuru-mapuroteni zvokudya chirimwa, zvisina muviri muduku apila, chemombe uye sainfoin. It kazhinji kuwanikwa Mafuro, shama mijenya, roadsides.

Hazvina nzara nemishonga, kutonhora nemishonga uye husingakwanisi chirimwa zvirwere uye tupukanana yakanakira greenery, silage uye uswa. Inogona dzabudapo wemisanganiswa zvose, uyewo yavo.

chena Clover

Kunowedzera zvakanaka jecha, loamy zvakaneta acidic kana kwazvakarerekera nevhu. Mugore rokutanga uswa (apila) anokwanisa ruva uye kubudisa mbeu. Negore upenyu rechipiri kunobva kukura zvizere. Pane nzvimbo imwe vanogona kukura makore 9-10.

Grass (Clover), unyoro uye zuva-rudo, chando nemishonga. Zvinonzi zvakanakisisa akura munzvimbo ine manyoro inotonhorera ezvinhu, apo pasina kwemvura.

Kudyara chena Clover ndiyo yakanaka zvadzinofura zvirimwa ane yakawanda mapuroteni. Pritaptyvanie mombe kana kufudza asingaiti tunodzivisa chirimwa, nekusiyana, rinobatsira kuti ukatambararira nani. Kudyara munhu legume anovandudza hwevhu. usanganidzo yayo murwiyo naTimoti uswa wemisanganiswa, ryegrass nezvimwe zvirimwa kunonatsiridza inosimbisa unhu mafuro uswa - wakawedzera mapuroteni kugutsikana, phosphorus, mafuta, calcium, potassium, uye anoderedza faibha. Zvibereko zvakasvibirira guru iri Mafuro - vanenge 60-120 makirogiramu / ha, uswa anenge 18-35 makirogiramu / ha, mbeu 3.0-5.0 t / Ha.

chemombe

Uyu perennial uswa zvadzinofura bhinzi. Used zvose sezvo manyoro zvokudya, uye kuti tigamuchire yepamusoro uswa. mbeu chemombe anoshandiswawo pakurapa. zvinangwa. Culture kunonatsiridza ivhu mamiriro, uyewo ivhu senitrogen-zvabatsira, kuparadza masora. Dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira kuramba kwemvura uye muchando hardiness. In huswa vangarega kusvika makore 10 kana kuti kunyange kupfuura. Pashure nokushandisa muchina wokucheka chinokura zvishoma nezvishoma.

chirimwa ichi anoda zvokudya ivhu dema, dondo-inowanzorimwa loam, peat uye mashava pfumbu nevhu uye mamwe madota-mupfumi ivhu. Chemombe inokura kusvibisa waterlogged uye rinorema nevhu nevhu.

chirimwa ichi chine mugove mavhitamini uye mapuroteni. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa ozeyewa ne herbivores. mbeu chemombe unodyarwa zvose wakachena nechimiro uye admixture.