Chii zvakashamisa Sergiev Posad: Museum matoyi!

Russia vagara inozivikanwa akakurumbira musha yakaitwa zvigadzirwa, kwete mudukusa pakati inova matoyi. "Varaidza" zvinhu zvakaitwa namatanda, zvakagadzirwa paperi-mache maché, ivhu uye nezvimwewo. Vakawanda kudiwa Sergiev Posad matoyi.

Kubva Moscow kwakaita pasuo

Sergiev Posad iri manomwe chete zvishoma chete kubva Moscow. Izvi taundi duku asi akanaka chikamu Golden Ring kweRussia. Karwendo kuunza mufaro kune vafambi vazhinji, kunyanya kana ivo watangawo pamwe nevana. Zvinofadza chaizvo zvinokwezva Sergiev Posad Toy Museum pakati iyo inoremekedzwa rokupedzisira nzvimbo.

Zvechokwadi, pakutanga kwezvose guta wokuRussia inozivikanwa Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra, apo zvisaririra St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Hazvina guta rino dzvene zvakasikwa. Muna 1340, sezvo mumongi, akavaka diki yemamongi, vakarasikirwa musango. Akapoteredza cloisters rotanga misha diki. Nokufamba kwenguva, pane yakaumbwa rimwe dzemamongi pakukura Russia. Chirevo Catherine II muna 1782, nokwenzvimbo nemisha kwakanga kwakabatana kuguta, yainzi Sergiev Posad. (. 1930-1992 gg) Munyaya Soviet nguva guta akanga rimwe zita - Zagorsk.

Arts uye Crafts makamutsiridzazve

Aishanyira Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra kubva pose. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti rwokugadzira siyana akatanga kukudziridza mumisha yakapoteredza. Products chevarwere vemifananidzo ari kudiwa. Zvikurukuru akakwezva Mapilgrim matoyi, akaveza matanda.

Pane tsika kuti kwakaratidza kutanga nyaya uye kucheka chitoyi yokutanga abbot pamusoro Sergiy Radonezhsky. Trinity Mapilgrim kutenga matoyi vana vavo.

Pakati vanoshanyira vakauya namatai Abbey, vakanga vari tsars Russian, vana vavo, zvakare, haana vasade kune zvokutambisa emapuranga. "Varaidza" sleigh nemabhiza, misoro, nezvirongo, bratinki - zvakanga zvose zviri kuunganidzwa youmambo vana. Hazvishamisi kuti ikozvino nomukurumbira Toy Museum Sergiyev Posad.

The pokutangira

At pamudzi miziyamu rakanga Nikolay Dmitrievich Bartram, emhizha, mudzidzisi uye uri wenhau. Akauya achibva Kursk province. Health haabvumirwi Nicholas kupedzisa pane Painting ari Moscow School. Asi iye ainakidzwa kusikwa matoyi uye nyika yake yaakaberekerwa kuchamuka akaita musangano apo yakawanda zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvakaitwa pasi utungamiriri vake vanodhirowa.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Nicholas Bartram akatanga kudzidza nhoroondo chitoyi, uye ipapo pakanga ake pachake muunganidzwa. Akaenda nzvimbo zhinji rwokugadzira yeRussia uye vakauya kumwe dzinonakidza zvakawanikwa.

Muna 1904, ND Bartram ndokugara muMoscow uye nokukurumidza akava musoro uri dhipatimendi handicraft Museum, apo iye akasika Studio zvakare. Zvisinei, kusvikira yakadai nguva sezvo kwaiva Museum of Toys muna Sergiev Posad, kuchine nguva yakawanda.

Kubva pachake kuunganidzwa kuti miziyamu

Kunyange apo kutamira Moscow Nicholas Bartram aiva guru muunganidzwa matoyi. Mumakore akatevera, hazvina chete yakapfumisa, asiwo richikura tichiregeredza imba midziyo, chevarwere zvokupfeka, uye kunyange matoyi mapurani.

Kubvira 1910, nyanzvi yokudhirowa yakarova iri pfungwa pakusika munhu miziyamu matoyi. Iye akarera akasiyana-siyana zvirongwa, zvirongwa uye nokuita yokunyora nokudhirowa. Uye muna 1918 here akazarura Toy Museum muMoscow. Pakutanga, zvakanga yaiva imba yake uye Bartram vakatora dzimba ina. Exhibits All vakanga vakakamurwa kuva 4 zvikamu: Toy chidzoyi yemitambo, chevarwere matoyi, mabhuku kunakidza uye mitambo edzidzo.

The miziyamu muunganidzwa kunoramba achiudza, nzvimbo iri wakadhirowewa mupanda hakuna kukwana. Muna 1924 iri miziyamu akatamira munechimwewo chivakwa - Khrushchev-Seleznev Manor imba iyo yaiva pamusoro Prechistenka. Toy Museum kukurumbira mumakore iwayo, wechipiri chete kune Tretyakov Gallery. Pashure pezvose, tisingabatanidzi kuti kwave inoshamisa wemabhuku matoyi iyo, panzira, aigona kunyange kubatwa, miziyamu tsvimbo vave kushanda nevana. Nzira itsva dzokubvisa kuti kushandiswa basa ravo, kuti akwezve vana nevabereki vavo.

Nikolay Dmitrievich Bartram akatungamirira miziyamu kusvikira parufu rwake, izvo zvakaitika muna 1931.

Toy Museum Sergiyev Posad

Sei, afa Bartram kuti Museum vakatamira kunze Moscow, zvakaoma kutaura. Zvichida, pashure zvose, nokuti kwagara yakakurumbira Sergiev Posad toyi ounyanzvi. Uye nhasi pane anomhanya fekitari kuti pagadzirwe zvokutambisa.

Chokutanga, mari yacho miziyamu kwenguva refu nguva achidzungaira muzvivako siyana, asi muna 1980 zvakanzi pakupedzisira dzinounzwa ari oga muimba, kuwedzera imwe yakaisvonaka makona muguta Sergiev Posad. Toy Museum iri pedyo Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra paGomo itsvedzerere, muchivako chenhau aimbova Commercial School. Izvi red-Brick muimba yakavakwa pachikomo pamusoro picturesque dziva. Iye pachake ari raikosha muguta Sergiev Posad. Toy Museum akabata zvinopfuura zviuru 30 Exhibits mukati mamasvingo ayo. chitoyi uku vanhu zvakasiyana kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munyika yose.

matryoshka yokutanga pano zvakare

Zvakaoma kutaura kuti chinonyanya kukwezva mune miziyamu ichi: zvigadzirwa XVIII-XIX emakore uye ounyanzvi ano. Heino murimi mudiki musikana chomumusoro, asi kupendwa amai, hussars, Roly-Poly, uye Barbie nezvidhori. Eyes kumhanya! Mumwe wokutanga Russian nesting nezvidhori, izvo anochengeterwa miziyamu, ine makore asiri pasi pemakumi zana nemakore.

The miziyamu ane mugari wenhaka ari kufarira toyi Nicholas II kwakaita, Tsarevich Alexei: yokutevedzera motokari, zvikepe, locomotives, ndege. Uye rakasiyana vanochengeta akamununura kubva France kuti chinogona kutakura mashomanana mitambo: Dominoes, bingo, checkered, hoops, tafura tenesi uye nevamwe.

In vachichiva mutobvu zvigadzirwa Bogorodskoye musha mhizha, iyo iri pedyo netaundi Sergiev Posad. Toy Museum haagoni chete funga izvi huni zvigadzirwa, akaita zvikurukuru kwesuko, asiwo kuti vaone sei zvikuru nyore zvigadziriswe (bhatani, kutsigisa igwa, nembariro) avatungamirire chiito.

Nhasi pane kuratidzira dzakawanda Sergiev Posad Museum, ramakagadzwa anokosha anogona kunzi "Russian zvavo matoyi." Uchiteverwa "Russian uye Western European toyi XIX - mangwanani XX remakore" ". Revana asian", "Gore Idzva uye Christmas toyi", Kunewo kuratidzwa "Toy of East."

Kana uri mubvunzo kana kushanyira Toy Museum (Sergiev Posad), Photo kuratidzira kuchabatsira kuti chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Zviya, chitoyi chitoro anoshanda panguva miziyamu, ipapo kumba kubva rwendo kunogona kuunza matkamuistoja dzinonakidza.

Dzokera kwako pauduku kwenguva pfupi nguva kuchaita kuti kushanyira guta Sergiev Posad, Toy Museum - huru chikonzero.