Upfu mu marita: vangani mune imwe fő emiti

Kune matanho, yaizivikanwa kwatiri kubva pauduku uye rinoshandiswa pose: fő, meter, kilogram. Uye kune avo, izvo tinoona isina kunanga - somuenzaniso, ari kuverenga kwacho. It nepondo uye kwemakiromita poods uye netepimezha. Pane emiti - shoko rinoreva mavhoriyamu, aigara ukarova ari Exchange nemishumo, panguva kuzivisa mutengo mafuta. Pane chepamutemo mubvunzo: mangani marita por 1 Upfu mafuta?

Usati waedza kutaura mudhiramu mu marita, unofanira kunzwisisa zvinoreva izwi zvinorevei.

Mubvunzo munhoroondo

In Chirungu shoko "dhiramu" - mudhiramu. Emiti kare zvifambiswe doro, hombe uye nezvimwewo. With kukura okuwana mafuta asiwo akatanga kutakurwa mumidziyo izvi, uye kuti kufunga nengarava nhumbi asiwo emiti - emiti.

Asi nzira iyi kukarukureta haana zvakare panokwanisika. Chekutanga, ose emiti anogona kuva inosiyana, zvichiita kuti zviome chaizvo nezvazvo. Uye chechipiri, akasiyana-siyana nezvinhu vakatakurwa chete mudende, vaisiyana yekudyidzana dzavo uremu. Ndizvo pfungwa "dhiramu" akanga zvimwe kutungamirira vamwe dzakabatana - mune mamwe manzwi, kuti fananidza.

Russian "bharero"

Zviya, iwe kuyera chinhu emiti - ichi chinhu Russian tsika yekare. Asi nei kushamisika? Kusati kwatombova matangi anokosha midziyo emiti vaiva zvikuru yokuita, uye dzimwe nguva chete chokufambisa. Uye pane imwe dambudziko - kuti concretize pfungwa iyi. Kuyera kana ramakumi mana dhiramu vaiva 40 migomo (Russian "dhiramu" iri marita akanga vanenge 492) uye kwainzi chikwata tichikwanisa doro, Mufurakisi kana mafuta hemp. The doro dhiramu wakaiswa 10 migomo mu Riga - zvishoma kupfuura 12,5. Resin kana upfu, uye inochengetwa emiti, vakaumba mwero uremu, kwete vhoriyamu. Bharero upfu kwaiyerwa 10 pounds, uye nebwe - vanenge 9.

On the arşive hurongwa

Kana tikatarisa nhoroondo, kana kuti zviri nyore, kuti kutarira kuburikidza mabhuku akabudiswa nguva munyika dzakasiyana, nokukanganisa muverengi zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana zviyero. Feet, Leagues, masendimita, makiromita, vakawanda mashoko European, kuti dzakabatana dzinoshandiswa Eastern nyika - ichi zvose zvakaoma kwete chete rokuzvidavirira, asiwo kunzwisisa. A chinokosha chinetso ndiko kushaya zvinodiwa, kuti unoreva zvakawanda vamwe pfungwa. Zvakanga zvakaoma uye kuchinjwa rimwe boka kune rimwe. Sezvo remarudzi arşive hurongwa vezvikwata (SI) yambokurukurwa kudiwa womumwe zvakafanana kushandisa makirogiramu uye metres, uyewo nomukaka dzaro. ino kwave kuchizivikanwa munyika yose, kunyange zvazvo nzira maro kumwe zvakasiyana.

Zvisinei, pane nyika dzinoverengeka apo arşive gadziriro iri kushandisa pamutemo. Zvikurukuru, nyika idzi dzinosanganisira United States. Izvi zvakazoitika kuti zvakakosha inoverengeka anokosha matanho. Somuenzaniso, imwe saizi CD, diagonal TVs uye zvichingodaro. N. Nyika kazhinji akayera mu masendimita. Kuenda kubva arşive gadziriro iri kuchengetwa vehurumende avhiyesheni, kufamba - pano vachiri kushandisa yekare rokuti "tsoka" uye "maira '. Hachisi arşive yemasoja uye dhiramu.

Upfu sezvo chiyero bhuku

Dzimwe nguva, apo akanzwa pamusoro wandei emiti, tiri kuedza kutendeutsa mugumisiro mumatani. Chiito ichi, kunyange zviri zvikuru zvinogoneka zivo chaiyo kurema mashoko, asi kwete zvikuru zvakarurama. Emiti munguva vhoriyamu uye peche - uremu. Zvikuru musoro uchatamisa emiti kupfuura kwakajairika Unit vhoriyamu Somuenzaniso, kuti tione sei zhinji marita mudhiramu? Kutaura zvazviri - zvikuru sei?

Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu hakusi zvakarurama, sezvo zvakawanda uye pfungwa "dhiramu". Somuenzaniso, Chirungu mudhiramu mu marita zvichaita kwakafanana 163,65. Zvisinei, uye kukosha ichi dzinoshandurwa kakawanda. Chirungu bharero vhoriyamu kwaienderana zvakanga chakayerwa emiti (doro kana rinoviriswa nokukurumidza), uyewo siyana mumakore siyana. Pakati pezana remakore rechi15 doro dhiramu aiva 166,36 litres, uye kubvira 1824 - 163,66.

Asi 1 mudhiramu mu marita isvike 119,24 uye kana totaura American waini. Pfungwa yokuti "dhiramu" iri zvakabatana chaizvo nevamwe, uye kwete ukama arşive, anoyera vhoriyamu - marita uye hogsheads. Mune US, nokuyerwa bhuku doro dhiramu ndiyo 31 marita, asi mufananidzo yaizova yakasiyana nedzimwe mhando Urume - 31.5 marita (0.5 hogsheads). Kana nokuyerwa mhinduro hombe kuti mubvunzo, sei marita por 1 mudende vazhinji, vachava 115.6 (a kukosha kunzi yakaoma-dhiramu).

About mafuta dhiramu

Asi kazhinji rokuti "dhiramu" rinoshandiswa dzokubudisa neyokufambisa yamafuta. Pfungwa imwe Upfu mafuta odzokera yakareba nzira: mafuta zvikaramba munhu kubva munguva dzekare. A chete mudziyo nokuda chokufambisa zvibereko izvi haripo, vamwe vachishandisa emapuranga emiti, asi mumwe munhu uye nematehwe. Asi nokukurumidza kukura oiri muzana remakore rechi19 akamutsa mubvunzo pamusoro nechitarisiko yakakodzera mumagaba. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo zvakasiyana kugona zvakavaomera kuti wezvokutengeserana uye zvokufambisa Masvomhu, uye mutengo mafuta zviri zvinodiwa kugadza, pahwaro imwe dhiramu.

Muna 1866 muPennsylvania (USA) vakasangana akawanda akazvimirira oilmen. Zvimwewo nyaya ivo akakurukura waiva mubvunzo mureza mugaba kuti zvokuyamura mafuta. Musangano kwakaguma harmonization yemabhii mudende, achimirira Vhoriyamu marita 42. How much anozviita zvakawanda kwakajairika matanho? 1 Upfu mafuta paminiti fő raizova 149.

Sei marita 42?

Asi nei atora sepokutangira yakadaro vhoriyamu? Chokwadi kuti pakutanga muzana remakore rechi18 rakanamwa ngoma yematanda Vhoriyamu marita 42 achava mureza kutakurirwa. Mumidziyo dzakadaro zvifambiswe hove uye mafuta, molasses uye waini, uyewo mamwe zvigadzirwa. Emiti rakakura kudai vaiva yavo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri: kwete yakakurisa uye kwete diki, zvakanaka akaisa pamusoro zvinowanikwa apo ngarava uye platforms. Ndinonongera uye tofambira mudhiramu izere mafuta, aikwanisa mumwe munhu.

Saka, pakusarudza American oilmen chaiva anonzwisisika uye kwakarurama. Muna 1872, American Association veoiri muna 42 gallon dhiramu akabvumirwa mwero. Uye kunyange iye zvino hapana mafuta emiti kuti transports (nokuti chinangwa ichi pane kwematangi uye mapaipi), asi Upfu achiri chairema yakayerwa mumafuta nyika kutengeserana.

On zvakanakira mudhiramu

Asi hazvisi nyore kuyera kana rakanyorwa mafuta matani sezvo akayera marasha nezviyo, simbi uye fetiraiza? Chimwe chikonzero unpopularity matani - siyana arambe achirema yamafuta; mamakisi Russian kuti makirisito, kukosha kwayo anogona dzinosiyana 820 kusvika 905,5 makirogiramu muzana cubic mita. Saizvozvowo, kuchinja uremu nomumwe chikwata uye inzwi rayo. Kana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii chinoumba mudhiramu chemafuta marita, inogona kunyatsonanga chaizvo, kuziva uremu rake kare yakati zvakaoma.

Saka kuti nokuyerwa mafuta anogadzirwa uye kutengeswa vhoriyamu, kwete kurema, zvikuru yamunenge. Kana isu kufungawo chokwadi chokuti mafuta anoendeswa kutakura Via kwematangi uye matangi, zvikwepa kumusoro, zvakanakira chikwata yakadai, sezvo mudende, zviri dzakanga dzisingarambiki. Zvisinei, pamusoro nezvipfuwo pamusika, kusiyana nenyika, mafuta zvokutengeserana zvinoitwa matani, saka kuita kutendeuka zviri kurema uye vhoriyamu pamusoro zvinopesana zvichiri zvakakodzera. Pano zvakafanira kufunga kuti zvizivikanwe ramafuta , uye arambe achirema wayo rinoshandiswawo kuverenga chaiyo kutendeuka zvinhu.

Mutengo mafuta

Asi zvidzidzo usaruyera mashoko dzokubudisa kuti "ndarama dema" kubhadhara mafuta vachiri kugamuchirwa madhora por dhiramu. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu rave nenhamba, izvo chinobata kwete chete upfumi wenyika, asiwo kune yose zveupfumi uye enyika kukura. Hazvibviri angawedzeredza kukosha mafuta mukugadzirwa wenyika, uyewo mugove yaro yose mafuta kongiri. Sezvakaita pamwe mimwe chinokosha, mutengo mafuta kunoenderana bhuku kugadzirwa uye kudya.

Uye panguva mutengo mafuta sei nezvimwe zvinhu World kugadzirwa inovakwa kuitira kuti kukura "ndarama dema" hakusi zvakare kunoderedza kuparadzwa kwayo, asi mafuta kugadzirwa kuderera kungaita kuti unopinza kuwedzera mitengo. Hazvishamisi kuti mafuta Pricing iri kuramba vakanzwa enyika zvinoriumba; vakawanda vatambi vachaonekwa pachikuva nyika, achida tikarega kana kusimudza mutengo huni, zvichienderana zvivanakire. Nenzira, mutengo mafuta ari zvakananga novimba mutengo negasi. Saka anenge zvose muchiuto anoitika yokupedzisira zvakajeka kuonekwa "mafuta" chiratidzo.

Uye zvakare pamusoro dhiramu

Bharero - chiyero bhuku. Izvi, kunyange anowanzodanwa kushandiswa, asi handiro chete zvinoreva shoko iri. Bharero - uyewo mumwe mashoko Poker (kadhi mutambo). Shoko "dhiramu" nokuda kwechikonzero zvava nevakawanda kuti mazita akasiyana zvinhu - kubva mubhizimisi kambani imwe kirabhu usiku.