Cinema Russia: wegadziriro, nhoroondo, kukura

Zvikoro dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia ndiyo rakabatana gadziriro zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 650 ehurumende-zvinozivikanwa kumayunivhesiti. Vari vakadzidza vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe, pakati pavo vazhinji vanogara kune dzimwe nyika. Training rinoitwa munyika dzakawanda mirayiridzo: utano, engineering, zvemari, mune zvoupfumi uye unhu. Huripo anoranga kubvumira kugamuchira yepamusoro chero munda uye zvachose munhu ane gwaro apedza yechipiri (chikoro) kana sangano yedzidzo inokosha (yekosi chikoro).

Cinema Russia

Nheyo Russian yepamusoro dzidzo inobva chikoro nyika-mukurumbira nemamwe ruzivo uye Zvakawanikwa masayendisiti Russian, uyewo risingadzivisiki chebasa redu vamutangira vari sayenzi.

Cinema Russia - hakusi chinhu mutsara. Zvinonzi kutsigirwa unyanzvi hunobatsira vadzidzisi zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa, vakawanda vacho vane miteva, Dhokotera Science, uye vamwe - kupfeka vanozvikudza musoro muzvinafundo. Graduate School zvinopa mukana kwete chete kuti ruzivo zvakanaka, unyanzvi, unyanzvi basa, asiwo dzidzo repamusoro sezvo dhipuroma yeRussian mharidzo iri chavanokoshesa mune dzakawanda dzimwe nyika.

Russia - nyika ine emakore kare, tsika uye zvetsika nhaka isingaenzaniswi hunhu uye pfuma yayo, pamwe nzira yake youpenyu, tsika uye nyika chimiro. Chikoro murume nokusaziva anova chikamu simba iroro, vasiyana zvakaitika mazera kare, kuva chikamu mweya wokuRussia.

The yepamusoro dzidzo wemuTesitamende Russia

Zvisinei, nyaya dzidzo yepamusorosoro iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo. Kunyanya, nhoroondo yacho inotungamirwa. Kuti hurongwa, izvo kwakasimbiswa zvevakomana, hapana pakarepo. Iye akarondedzera emakore, kubudirira kwemakore.

Modern yepamusoro nyanzvi dzidzo mu Russia iri multi-pamwero hurongwa, iyo emit yakasiyana siyana kudzidziswa: chikuru izwi kuwana dhigirii zvinoda 5 makore pashure iyo vadzidzi vari paakavapa ari zvinodiwa kuti "nyanzvi". Unogona kuramba zvidzidzo zvavo chikoro, zvinonzi inoitwa kwemakore matatu. Uyezve, zvinoita here kuwana dhigirii "Bachelor of Science" uye "Tenzi Science", kudzidzisa nguva mana namaviri azvaitwa.

Situation siyanei kana ukasarudza kuzopiwa yepamusoro kuchikoro zvokurapa. Panyaya iyi, kudzidza munyonga kunobva specialization akasarudzwa: Diploma yezvokurapwa kwepfungwa, mishonga kana chiremba wemazino mudzidzi anowana makore mashanu. At mwero Pediatrics, mitambo mushonga uye dzokurapwa nyaya anofanira apedza makore matanhatu. Uyezve dzidzo muzvikoro dzokurapa kunogona kuramba chikoro ichi ari internship (1 gore). Zvichienderana dzakagadzirirwa, uye zvido chiremba zvinogona kupedzwa zvekuchipatara zvidzidzo (2 kusvika 5 years). Kana kupinda chikoro, kudzidza upenyu mairi kwemakore matatu.

Pfungwa Huru muna IN mugadziriro

Gore chikoro muna Russian dzakakwirira zvikoro kunotora September 1 kusvika June 30. Zvinonzi rakakamurwa semesters mbiri, chimwe nechimwe chinoguma yechirongwa (yechando uye chirimo). Panguva vadzidzi vake tora nemiedzo yakawanda, bvunzo vakapfuura kwokutanga anoranga. Vacations vadzidzi kugamuchira dzidzo yepamusorosoro, zvakare. Ivo vanotanga chete pashure pachirongwa. Winter rinotora vhiki mbiri kusvika nhatu, zhizha - mwedzi miviri. Chinonetsa bvunzo anoedza mudzidzi riri kwokupedzisira gore kunodzidziswa. In yechando, anotora mamiriro bvunzo, zvinosanganisira mibvunzo panyaya zvose kudzidzwa. Uye muzhizha anodzivirira kwayo kuzvimirira chinyorwa.

Dzidzo iri mumayunivhesiti Russian rinoitwa muchiRussia uye hunobva matatu enguva dzidzo: yakazara (zuva), nguva (kubvumira kufanana basa kudzidza) uye manheru (rakaitirwa manheru kana kwevhiki). Mumakore achangopfuura, zvikoro zvakawanda zvisiri mamiriro yakakwirira zvemashiripiti kure pakudzidza, umo munhu anogara rimwe guta (vakawanda mumatunhu) uye anopiwa basa kumba, nguva nenguva kuuya pachirongwa. Nokuti ichi chete mamiriro mabasa anogona kuitwa Via skype, kana, somuenzaniso, nezvekuva kudzidza dzimwe mitauro.

Pamusoro chikoro, vadzidzi kugamuchira Russian hurumende dhipuroma kuzozvidzorerwa zvinodiwa. Uye, sezvo mutemo, pamwe inorumbidza mapepa rakatsvuka, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko - mutema. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti panguva ino, zvitupa zvedu vanoonekwa seanoshanda munyika dzese munyika.

grading hurongwa

Kurera nyaya kuongororwa muna Russian Federation, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hazvina zvakasiyana zvikuru kubva chikoro grading hurongwa. The soro Mucherechedzo anoonekwa kuva - "5" - zvakaisvonaka; uchiteverwa "4" - Good; "3" - dzinogutsa; "2" - kusingagutsi. Inzira kupima "vanopfuura" uye "Vanotadza". Pamusoro kutambira "kusingagutsi" kana "Kwakabudirira" mudzidzi ane mukana dzokorora nyaya, akabvuma pachine nomudzidzisi. On nzira ichi kwakapiwa kuedza matatu. Kana panguva ino mudzidzi akanga asingagoni kuwana yekutenga mucherechedzo, aigona kusangana kudzingwa yunivhesiti.

Zvikurukuru vadzidzi hanya hazvigoni vakabvuma kuti purogiramu zvachose. The chikonzero kazhinji ari kurovha hurukuro uye misangano asipo. dambudziko iri kugadziriswa, kana pane chikonzero chakanaka, uye pakutanga yechirongwa vakaisa zvakakodzera zvishoma. Muchiitiko chino, "vuzovets" vangava vachiri vakabvuma kuti bvunzo.

Kuwedzera kune akaipa marudzi kupima, dzidzo kuRussia uye rinopa chikonzero advertising. A mudzidzi anogona kuwana "vanopfuura" kana giredhi yakanaka zvaitika ( "otomatiki") asina kupfuudza nyaya, akapa kuti yose kwetemu kugara kupinda makirasi zvose, mabasa kwakakwana uye kutevera zvose zvinodiwa mudzidzisi.

Sezvo dzidzo yepamusorosoro akaita vakashanduka

Uyu kumbonyanya Ndonyaya. It aigona kuiswa padivi ari oga bhuku, kana kunyange bhuku, asi edza kuramba mumamiriro imwe subsection yacho. Origin uye Kugadzirwa dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia akatanga pamusoro XI-XII emakore uye zvachose novimba zvinhu zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, dzakasiyana dzine mabasa evanhu (science, tsika, navigation, zvokutengeserana uye vamwe) haana mirai, uye kukura, saka, vanobatsirikana vanoda vashandi vane unyanzvi. Chechipiri, kuRussia chaizvo kwezvakatipoteredza zvinoda mimwe inotungamirwa tichitarisa kukura nesayenzi, sezvo aiva kupanana zvakaitika nedzimwe nyika, vave achishingaira kudzidza mitauro. Kunyanya kuoneka yakanga munguva Peter I.

Mumwe haagoni kufuratira chokwadi kuti mupiro makuru kukura dzidzo yepamusorosoro akaita nevatungamiriri Russian, vadzidzisi, mathematicians, mishonga, vazivi, nevafungi: Kovalevsky, Lomonosov, Radishchev, Lobachevsky, Pisarev, Belinsky, sydäntä, Dobrolyubov, Timiryazev, Pirogov, Mendeleev, uye vazhinji -Many zvimwe. Panguva iyoyowo, dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia iri kunetseka kwazvo nedzidziso Marx uye Shona. Uye Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov Somuenzaniso, kupfuura ani zvake, akatsvaka kubvisa yezvinoreva dzidziso yepamusoro maonero zvavakatemwa kuchechi ichi, uye akaedza kuita dzidzo yakawanda yokunyika. Uyezve, akanga kudzidzisa zvirongwa achiedza nechokwadi chokuti vadzidzi vanowana yokungotaura ruzivo kwete chete, asi vakadzidzisawo unyanzvi hunoshanda anobatanidzwa murabhoritari kuedza uye kuedza. Uye muna 1755 akavhura Moscow University ainzi pashure Lomonosov (MSU), izvo zvichida ndiyo muenzaniso kupfuura chaiwo kuti sangano ane dzidzo, apo kunyange nhasi unogona kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia muna yaro yakazara.

A zvishoma nhoroondo ...

Development nenhoroondo dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia hwakada zvakanyatsobatana zviitiko zviri kuramba kuitika munyika uye kunze. Somuenzaniso, pashure kwemaindasitiri muEurope, mamiriro edu uyewo kaviri ayo kuchinja, zvikurukuru, kunobva Leningrad Mining Institute, uyo akazova tateguru dzakakwirira michina dzidzo muRussia. Kunyanya School of Mines (vakatumidza mumazuva iwayo) vakadzidzisa kwemasvomhu anoranga: nemasvomhu, geometry, mapurani, simbi, mineralogy, kemisitiri, wefizikisi, mitauro yokumwe. Akadaro vakasiyana sayenzi zvakasikwa uye kunobatsira kuti munhu-kumativi ose dzidzo vakadzikama. Russia, kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, vachiedza kuti kudzidza nyore munhukadzi hafu. Pakupedzisira, zvava zvichibvira pashure Mukuru October Socialist Revolution. Panguva iyoyowo rakatarisa dzidzo yepamusorosoro vamirepo zvimwe zvinangwa uye zvinangwa. Chirongwa chaiva kuvaka nzanga itsva zvachose kuburikidza zvakanangwa dzidzo vechiduku uye pakatanga inokosha kuchinja zvatinokanganisa.

Munguva Soviet, dzidzo yepamusorosoro akanga chokuita zvikuru urongwa Kugadzirwa kwenzanga uye sectors vose upfumi. Zvakakwana kuyeuka wepagore kwevatariri zvikwata mudzidzi pamusoro matapiri kana fanira vanoshingaira kuita zvokutengeserana pamwe munyaya. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha Pamberi muzvikoro kwaiva kuwedzera padanho chokudzidzisa vanachiremba ramangwana, uyewo kukwezva kuwedzera nhamba yevanhu kubvira vanhu dzidzo yepamusoro. Panyaya iyi, vakawanda zviyero: pakatanga incentives, urongwa rusununguko hostel uye aivawo achizvivimba kudzidza haina kubhadharwa, uye rakanga rakataku- kunze mumitauro 70. Munguva Soviet Union yepamusoro dzidzo yokuRussia iri zviwanikwe kune vagari vose vane gwaro kuvakwa chikoro.

Cinema Russia ano

The yepamusoro dzidzo wemuTesitamende Russia iri kukura maererano nezvaidiwa munzanga, uye zvichienderana nebudiriro masayendisiti yedu sayenzi echisikigo, mushonga, wefizikisi, kemisitiri, kombiyuta zvesayenzi nezvimwe zvinhu zivo. Izvi pakarepo akasarudzwa zvirongwa, zvinhu, zvimiro uye nzira yokudzidzisa iri dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

Mumakore achangopfuura, mubvunzo chenjera kuti kudiwa generalists: .. A magadzirirwo injiniya, chiremba, Musayendisiti, gweta uye Economist, injiniya, programmer, etc. The zvedzidzo kwacho muRussia ano rinobatanidza ane Integrated kusvika nezivo, kureva, mharidzo humwewo .. pamwe vakaparadzana mabasa, kusanganisira inoshanda. Kutungamirirwa pakudzidza kunoita kuti Activate mafungiro, danho, basa rakaoma, basa iri vadzidzi. Enderana pakati weDhipatimendi kwesainzi rinobvumira kubatanidza mudzidzi munharaunda kuti experimental basa uye nokudaro zvinowedzera padanho kurovedza. Kuti izvi zvidaro, mu Africa zhinji munyika vakarongwa maererano ruzivo mumarabhoritari, kombiyuta nzvimbo, tsvakurudzo Kudya, apo akadzidza, akagadzirisa kukurumidza zvinetso evanhu vemazuva ano.

Higher Education Problems

Chokwadi, Russia nhasi hazvigoni kumbofungidzira pasina kudzvanya nyaya uye kuronga tarisiro pasango dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Pakati zvinetso zvikuru pachena, zvichida unogona kutaura nyaya mari dzidzo. Zvinosuruvarisa, sezvo mushakabvu '90s kuti vawane dzidzo munyika ino zvinogona uye tichibatsirwa mari. Kudivi rimwe, ichi chimwezve mukana vamwe Mapato vemunyika, pane dzimwe - a mushonga chaiwo, anopona akawanda nharo nyaya.

Wokutanga chokuita kuti padanho dzidzo rawa hasha, sezvo zvose kutengwa, sezvo mazano uye mokupedza dhigirii. Somugumisiro, inotungamirira kune dambudziko rechipiri - kwazvo uori mune nemasangano edzidzo. Uye mumakore achangopfuura izvi zviri kuita zvikuru. yepamusoro matambudziko dzidzo muRussia dziri chakasimba uye akatsunga zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, mashoko anofadza nhau iri kuti munzvimbo iyi hapana vamwe kufamba.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro tarisiro munyika yedu, kukura dzidzo yepamusorosoro, izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru kukunda kwedu sayenzi. Kugadzirwa Nano uye hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu inonanga munguva yemberi iri pedyo kuchatungamirira chidzoke mabasa ounyanzvi hwokugadzira matsva. Uye pamwechete nayo, uye kune zvitsva zvirongwa, nzira uye mhando dzidzo.