Trans-Siberian Railway: kukura tarisiro, ukoshi. Nzira kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kuti

Rwakagadzirira muzana remakore rapfuura Trans-Siberian Railway inopfuura nomunyika yose uye rinobatanidza nayo European chikamu kuSiberia uye kuFar East. Izvi akashongedzerwa zvakanaka njanji mugwagwa nokuda kota remakore, ndiyo huru njanji nebazi Russia.

Start okuvaka

Chisarudzo pamusoro kuvakwa kuSiberia njanji pamusoro chezvipo mari kwakaitwa tsarist hurumende iri 80-ies zviri XIX remakore. Muna 1887 matatu nzendo dzakatangwa kutsvaka nzvimbo mugwagwa kuvaka pasi South-Ussuri, West uye Central Siberian Baikal Railway. Tanga okuvaka mhiri Siberian njanji Nhoroondo makore 90 rokupedzisira remakore. Chisarudzo kuitisa basa iri pakuvaka Great Siberian Way akaitwa yechando 1891 kuvaka kwakatanga musi mbiri panhivi - kubva Vladivostok kuChelyabinsk.

The chikuru zvokukura nokuisa

Akavaka Trans-Siberian njanji, tarisiro kukura iyo zvino zvikuru mumatanho akawanda:

1. 1893 - kuvakwa mugwagwa kubva Ob kuRwizi Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - kutanga pakuvaka North Ussuri mugwagwa.

3. 1897 - pakutanga Cer Mapedhi.

4. 1898 - vakagamuchira nyika kubva Ob kusvikira Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - The sarudzo iri kuvakwa pamusoro Circum-Baikal Railway.

6. 1906 - vakaperekedza ongororo paakapa Amur Mainline.

7. 1911 - kuvakwa Kirk - p. Dutu pamwe davi pa Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - nokutumwa pakati zambuko mhiri Amur River.

Kureba guru Trans-Siberian Railway yatova mumakore iwayo kwakaita kuti vave chikuru chokufambisa tsinga munyika. Asi panguva Civil War, mamiriro mugwagwa mutsva, zvinosuruvarisa kunetse yekudyidzana. It yakavhiringidzwa uye akapisa yakawanda mabhiriji. Nguva nenguva akaparadza motokari uye locomotives. Pakarepo pashure pehondo, zvisinei, takatanga basa guru-pamwero kudzorerwa. Munguva yechando 1924-1925,., Somuenzaniso, Amur zambuko rukaporeswa. pamutsetse sangano rakatanga muna 1925 uye akaramba pasina dzongonyedzo kusvikira nhasi.

Trans-Siberian Railway munguva yedu

History mhiri Siberian njanji izere akasiyana siyana kubudirira. Munguva Soviet, mugwagwa ari kushingaira dzakabudirira uye anonzi All-rokuvaka. To musi, Trans-Siberian Railway imwe simba kupfuura pasi njanji munyika. MuRussia, izvozvo anotakura zvinopfuura 50% kuti dzaifanoiswa zvose uye ekisipoti nhumbi. Transsiberian iri miviri njanji yakafadza mutsetse, zvizere ne nzira ano yokukurukurirana uye ruzivo. Technical midziyo mutsetse anogona kutakura matani anopfuura mamiriyoni 100. nhumbi pagore panguva vaifanira bvumidzwa kumhanya 90 km / h.

Zvakanakira mutsetse, kunze chimwe chinhu, ari kusavapo kudiwa kuyambuka chero miganhu. Zvinosuruvarisa mukwaniso pakati pomugwagwa mumakore achangodarika akatanga kusviba. Zvino anotaura kudiwa modernize.

Trans-mutsetse inoratidza: kureba pamakwara, throughput

The zvachose Kureba Trans turakiti iri vanenge 10 zviuru. Km. Panguva iyoyo, ndizvo wakarebesa huru munyika. Yose yaiva maguta 87, 14 zvacho emunharaunda nzvimbo.

Munzvimbo kushumirwa mugwagwa ari dzichiitika 80% of maindasitiri emakambani ari ehurumende uye zvakasikirwa upfumi hwaro. Kuburikidza Tranassib akaisa anenge 30 maipfuura nevaitenga mitoro nezvitima mune dzakawanda uye dzimwe mbiru. Passenger mukuru-nokukurumidza chikamu rwendo panzira, inova kuenderera European njanji network, kubva kuMoscow kusvika Vladivostok 6 mazuva.

Trans-Siberian Railway, tarisiro kukura iyo kufanana zvinonyatsorehwa kukura munyika zvoupfumi kwaniso, mumakondinendi maviri: Europe (19.1% nzira) uye Asia (80.9%). Yose ine 1852 zvechitima.

Natural zvemupiro Trans-Siberian Railway uye matambudziko kuyeuka

It riitike nenzira mugwagwa ose okunze zones: inowanzorimwa, inowanzorimwa gwenga, taiga. Kuchamhembe chikamu mutsetse kunosvika ari permafrost wenharaunda (semuenzaniso, pedyo neLake Baikal). Zvinetso maererano njanji vashandi vane kuita zvinotevera:

• mukana matombo wedzinza kubva materu nokudengenyeka kwenyika dzemakomo;

• kudiwa dzamarudzi hanya makwara panguva tembiricha anodonhedza zvinoshamisa munzvimbo dzine Continental ekunze;

• kudiwa mabasa vakawanda mabhiriji;

• Kugara BALANCInG nzira mu permafrost;

• kuda kugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa remvura mafashamo.

Saka, njodzi dzinongoitika ezvinhu ari Trans-Siberian Railway anogona kunzi chaizvo kunzwisisa. Kukunda migumisiro dzakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu Railways kupedza chaizvo nemari yakawanda.

budiriro tarisiro

Pari vakawanda nhumbi kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira iri yaitakurwa nomugungwa. Water senga makambani kunzwa chindingindingi, uye naizvozvo, kazhinji zvisiri, kudza mitengo mabasa avo. Somugumisiro, vakawanda shippers Trans-Siberian njanji kunoonekwa sechinhu chakanaka pane gungwa senga.

Panyaya iyi, hurumende iri Russian Federation, pamwechete kurapa Railways Russian, kwakasimbiswa kuva zviyero zvainanga kuvandudza dzaifanoiswa zvinogona kudaro nzira inokosha, sezvo Trans-Siberian Railway. Tarisiro okukura zvikaonekwa zvikurukuru nokuda akabvuma pfungwa g / D kuti migwagwa muRussia kusvika 2030, chete 2015 kuti mazuvaano migwagwa kwave vakapedza rubles mamiriyoni 50. Kusvikira 2030, ari Trans-Siberian Railway ari aronga kusika zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu kufamba dzinokosha mudziyo uye mutakurwi nezvitima. Uyewo, ekufambisa Council wokuRussia Railways motokari pfungwa yakazokudziridzwa mumugwagwa kuti nguva kusvika 2020, iyo inopa:

• yemakwikwi inogadzirwa rate;

• zvimwe kuvandudzika of sangano pakufamba;

• chekunatsiridza basa;

• pokumuka ruzivo anopa mashoko vatengi pamusoro nzvimbo uye mamiriro nenhumbi munguva chaiyo;

• kuwedzera negoho pakati zvengarava kumavirazuva uye kumabvazuva kunyika;

• nokusika ano logistics nzvimbo uye t. d.

Development muna 2016

General zvechadenga Trans-Siberian Railway kuzotonga sezvamakaudzwa vaizotibata kupfuura njanji munyika yedu nhasi. Pakutanga 2016 izvozvo akatotanga chinozoiswa kuva zviyero zvainanga ari magetsi ari bhazi mitsetse, vavakezve mabhiriji, tunnels uye nhepfenyuro zvikuru. Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna budiriro corridors Primorye Primorye-1 uye-2, uyewo sangano zvakananga kutaurirana pakati Korea uye Russian Federation.

Nzira kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kuti

Kureba guru Trans-Siberian Railway, zvinosuruvarisa hazvirevi zvayo munhu bandwidth yakanaka. Dambudziko akava inokanganisa zvose pasina chaakasiya mabhora hwenyika, kusanganisira njanji mbiru. Saka, maererano nesangano nyaya pfungwa panguva rinongova kuwedzera throughput anokwanisa hunde. Panguva iyoyowo kuitwa zvinhu kunangidzirwa zvikurukuru:

• kubvisa dambudziko kukurumidza kukohwewa private motokari kubva kuruzhinji nzira;

• kukwezva mari oga kwezvivako kukura Mapaipi;

• inobudirira mubatanidzwa mumwe kwadzinoita chokufambisa zvinobatanidzwa chacho.

Saka, chikuru njanji mutsetse, izvo zviri akapoteredza mumusika pose yedu nyika dzaitarisira - iri Trans-Siberian Railway. Tarisiro okukura sezvo mukuru pane zvahwaiita mugungwa chokufambisa Pari zvinoshamisa rwakafara. Panyaya iyi, Zvinokosha mabasa vanonzi kuderedza nguva kufamba kwenhumbi uye kuvandudza basa vanhu uye shippers.