IL-476: Technical nokurondedzerwa, mafuta rakawanda, mapikicha

Ndege munyika yedu ine zvakadzama midzi uye nhoroondo chaizvo mbiri. Kunyanya zvaigumbura kurinda, sezvazvakaita zvino ndege Russian kakawanda zvakasimba novimba dzimwe bhizimisi. Sezvineiwo, zvose zvakafanana yatorwa refu akamirirwa mutemo wakakwana yaitsiva kupinzwa mumakore achangopfuura. Asi kamwe paiva dambudziko kusika chokufambisa pachako ndege yenyu.

Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, basa iri rakanga raitwa anorenda chete Ukrainian CB "Antonov" asi kuenderera mberi ne ichi ebhizimisi ari kuramba zvichioma. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Russian uto hariguti wokuUkraine divi chokuita romugove uye kukura. Nyore, nokuti anenge gumi apfuura, "Antonov" uye vaisagona kupa chinhu vangasimudzira itsva.

Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, mamiriro edu akapa pamutemo kutanga vayo chirongwa, nemhaka iyo inofanira kuva itsva zvachose chokufambisa ndege mumhuri kweShanduro IL-476. Zvino basa iri yokusika wayo chipatapata.

About upgrades uye zvimwe zvinhu

Zvinozivikanwa kuti nomuzongoza kweuto uye yevagari chokufambisa ndege munyika yedu yakanga Il-76 okuberekwa, iyo nhaka kubva Soviet Union. The ndege yokutanga vekirasi iyi dzinonzi vakamhanyira May 5, 1973. Production akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kwenguva refu nguva Tashkent ndege chirimwa. Nhoroondo kugadzirwa chinosanganisira anenge makore 40. Total akakwanisa kuunganidza pamusoro chiuru michina iyi, uye anenge zana vavo akatuma ekisipoti.

Asi chaizvoizvo vanhasi anoratidza pakasikwa zvikurukuru akasiyana michina zvakawanda yakakura, pamwe yose siyana. Kutaura zvazviri, pakazosvika 1989, pakarepo pashure pokurwiswa kweguta Afghanistan, utungamiriri Soviet pakupedzisira nekusimbiswa pfungwa kudiwa kubereka ndege iyi. Kazhinji, kutanga kweShanduro modernized ndege chaiva chechokwadi, kubvira panguva iyoyo, chirimwa rave raparurwa kugadzirwa itsva, mafuta-vakarongeka injini PS-90A. Asi ari Tashkent asimbise kugadzirwa kwavo havana kubudirira.

Yaitsiva dzakaoma gadziriro

Saka chii chinosiyanisa itsva IL-476? Vazhinji. Chokutanga, nyanzvi rinenge zvachose chakatsiva bapiro. Achangobuda injini PS-90A-76 kunge yakaiswa. vaise yavo 14.500 makirogiramu (cruising), uye yakakwirira kushanda kubudikidza 12-15%. With dungwerungwe ichi kwakavandudza kamwe zviuru zvishanu makiromita. Uye chii IL-476 huni rakawanda? Ndiye 0,59 makirogiramu / makirogiramu · H, izvo zviri zvishoma pane yapfuura motokari.

Vashandi vanhu vashanu. Akatakura inokwana zvokusarudza itsva vanofungidzirwa matani 60, izvo zvinogona yekudyidzana kuponesa mafuta uye mari kutakura zvakawanda nhumbi pamwe ndege mashoma.

Ikabva nokunyaradza!

In nyika yedu, idzva IL-476 aiva wokutanga muchiuto chokufambisa ndege, chinopa vakadzikama pamwero nyaradzo nokuda vashandi vari kutiza. Saka, pano pane singi izere uye chimbuzi. Bvumiranai kuti panguva kunonyanyisa ndege daro zviuru zvishanu makiromita, mashoko aya zvikuru!

Kupfeka Room riri mu chaiyo rakanamwa kamuri, riri munzvimbo mberi mukamuri iri ndege. Musha midzi chaivo tsvina tangi iri marita 28. Pfungwa iyi inofanira kuva zvakakwana nokuda chete ndege, kuti zvinodiwa vaunoshanda uye paratroopers shoma. Sezvo miviri uriri nadzurudzo IL-476 (mufananidzo kuripo munyaya) anogona kutakura zana nemakumi mashanu kuenda neherikoputa inogona yakanyatsoiswa uye vaviri mamwe tangi 80 litres nerimwe.

Pakarepo asati uchisiya kushandisa chimbuzi zvivako haangavi kuwanikwa, kubva maererano nemitemo panguva iyi zvachose hazvitenderwi kusunungura rukanda rweshangu dzake asunga jumpsuit. Asi-refu dhonza Flights (pamwe kunodzidziswa zvechiuto kana kuita chaiyo revarwi oparesheni) kukosha utsanzi izvi zvakaoma kuona. Panyaya iyi, shandisa chimbuzi ichava zvose ndege nguva kunze panguva kukwira uye kumhara.

Kunyange zvazvo "chimbuzi" dingindira otarira pakutanga maonero hakusi chakakomba, mhare VDV yeuka kuti dzimwe nguva vaifanira kutsungirira mazuva. On utano varume anowanzova akaratidza kwazvo isakarurama, uye saka anotanga wokuRussia vagadziri ndege mu munda uyu akafanira kurumbidzwa.

Ecology - pakutanga!

Maererano nezvinodiwa achangopfuura makore, basa rakawanda rakaitwa munzvimbo ruzha rutapudzo uye akabuda zvinokuvadza mumhepo. Somugumisiro, IL-476 sezvarayirwa azvino ICAO mitemo. Izvi pakarepo akabvumira kuti "rakazaruka mudenga" ndege itsva kwete chete pane zvinenge zvose mumhuri ndege, asiwo European negwara. KweBrussels vagara kushora ndege yedu yakakwirira pamwero yakasviba ruzha, asi zvino dambudziko iri rave chapedzwa chose.

Oddly zvakakwana, asi kunyange zviitiko 90s panguva aigona chete kutonhora kukura chirongwa, asi kwete kurega izvozvo. Mukutanga 2000s, hurumende itsva asarudza zvinoshamisa rikurumidze basa iri ndege itsva. Nechekare mukutanga 2007 takatanga basa regadziriro basa pakutanga akatevedzana kugadzirwa ndege mu Ulyanovsk.

The chikuru hwokugadzira zvechadenga muchina

pakarepo zvirongwa

Zvinonzi kurongwa kuti muna 2020 Bazi Defence achagamuchira hapana asingasviki 39 itsva IL-476. Munguva ichangopfuura, ivo vezvikepe vanoti kuti akaronga kuita Vols kuramba ndiwedzere muchina Il-76MD-90A, izvo pakupedzisira kuziva uye kubvisa zvose zvinobvira kuremara marongerwo. Haiwa, Ndege Il-476 achine zvimwe zvinetso kuti nhaka kubva yapfuura womuenzaniso. Asati atanga dzinotevedzana kugadzirwa vanoda kuziva uye kubvisa fanira.

vazvo kuti injini

Zvinonzi kuti pari unokupai kuti kare kugadzirira kanenge 156 injini PS-90A-76, izvo yakagadzirirwa kuiswa pa ndege itsva. Mari chibvumirano ichi (maererano rokupedzisira gore) akapfuudza chiratidzo bhiriyoni imwe US emadhora. Dzavo enderana vazvo vaifanira kutanga gore rapera. Zvinoita sokuti zvose akaenda chaizvo maererano purogiramu.

Development uye ungano injini rakaitirwa Perm Engine Plant ndiro rinenge kubva pakuvambwa kwayo pamwe chete avhiyesheni indasitiri uye neuto ezvirevo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mugadziri ichi anonyatsoziva mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo kuti zvinofanira kuva zvakasimba kukunda zvose zvezvinhu zvayo.

Kugadzikana uye kukurukurwa!

Tapota ziva kuti mugadzi mumotokari idzva, ndege Il-76MD-90A kutanga nendege makore maviri chete adarika. The kabhini raiva ruzivo chaizvo vashandi, akarayira Hero weRussia Nikolai Kuimova. Mudenga, ndege chaizvo 1 awa nemaminitsi 55. Mukuru akabvuma kuti muchina mutsva ane yakanaka Gengi kudzikama, yayo kukurukurwa vasina zvachose pasina kugunun'una.

Muna October wegore iroro ndege yakatanga kuratidzwa kuna President kweRussia, Vladimir Putin. Pazuva iroro, uye akanga yakasainwa pedyo kupfuura panguva chesungano pakati mugadziri uye Bazi Defence, pasi izvo kusvika 2020 mauto anofanira kuwana chaizvo 39 Il-476, ane unhu vane mwoyo kwazvo muchiuto. The chibvumirano ukoshi racho chaizvo mabhiriyoni 140 rubles. A chipo guru nokuda wechipfuwo indasitiri, izvo hurumende mumakore apfuura zvisina kuraira makuru!

Wokutanga ndege nemiedzo

The ndege yokutanga IL-476 aiva renguva pamwero kutiza miedzo gore rapera. Maererano zvawanikwa dzavo muchina zvakazivikanwa sezvo aiteerera zvizere zvose zvinodiwa mutengi. Uyezve yokuedzwa uye debugging vakatakudzwa kubva panguva yacho, vaiva ne "Ila". Muzhizha 2013 flagship mutsva wechipfuwo nhumbi ndege kokutanga akazviratidza pamberi dzimwe vatengi. Zvino nezuva yakakurumbira MAKS.

Muna June gore rapera, wokutanga IL-476, hunhu zvinopiwa munyaya ino, pakupedzisira akakungurutsa kunze hanga kuti ungano. bapiro bhokisi rave achiongorora uye pakati chikamu kwavo chisimbiso zvakakwana (uchishandisa huni). Pashure paizvozvo, vatogadzirira ndege akatanga kunyora. Pano pane vamwe zvakawanda, uye chakakodzera kumisa, sezvo izvi kwave zvakakomba dzakashandisa itsva Russian ndege.

Information pamusoro Ruvara fuselage

Chokwadi ndechokuti kwenguva yokutanga munhoroondo ndege Russian zvave mumhuri enamel ET-69 ET-71-mhando polyurethane. Kupenda zvikuru yakataurwa imwe tsvakurudzo akatanga (Aircraft Materials) uchikumbira IL-476. Production unobereka haana vaima (rakagara richidudzirwa kushandiswa dhayi), uye Mat pendi.

Zviri vakagovera nani achitevedza fuselage, anosiyana yakakwirira ehupfumi munyika kudzivirira dzimba zvinhu pamusoro hasha makemikari. Mukuwedzera, dhayi haangambozvipembedzi abraded. Sezvo vashandi senga kazhinji kuti achibhururuka ezvinhu akaoma, kuti kuona kukosha utsanzi kwakadaro hazvibviri.

On the "Pedigree"

chokutanga ndege akanga asina chete pendi, iyo anzverwa Muushumiri Kudzivirira, asi zvakakodzera zita "Ulyanovsk". City zita uye maoko maoko vakanga zvikuru aishanda zvakananga pamusoro mhino mumotokari. Zvakazoitwa ndege All dzino ari akaronga kuti ndipe mazita avo kwazvo vanhu, ndiko kumusha Ulyanovsk nharaunda.

Chii chakasiyana nowakautangira? Opinion bvunzo mutyairi wendege

New IL-476, hunhu ayo kupendwa zvakadzama munyaya akaronga kuti chigaro chinotakurwa zvakasiyana-siyana nhumbi zvavo uye vemauto zvinangwa, uye kutakura Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika dzepabonde zvombo, kusanganisira kuzvidzora kwemotokari uye chiedza IFV. Zvayakaita, aigovera mukana kutora mungarava mukati zana namakumi mashanu vanhu pemudonzvo.

Modern ndege uye ngarava midziyo ( "regirazi nzvimbo yemutekenyi") anogona kuderedza vashandi pokuwanda kwebasa, anowedzera kuti muchidimbu kwazvo uye kunovimbisa yakakwirira yakachengeteka kutiza. Kumabasa, pane munhu aidzidzisa chiratidzo Panel iyo anoratidza kukosha ndege Data munguva chaiyo.

Oleg Ganovich, uyo ari nyanzvi bvunzo mutyairi, zvanzi misiyano Ukrainian chitakuriso An-70 uye Il-476: "Mumazuva run-up injini itsva zvinopa kwazvo kumhanyisa, uyewo yarova mutsva mashandiro neizvi naro mushure kumhara nokukurumidza kunogona kubhadharwa nokukurumidza. Aifarira zviratidzi itsva dzinoratidza mwero kukwira ... Vatyairi uye mainjiniya zvino vane yavo ndege zviratidzo, izvo zvinobatsira chaizvo nokukurumidza zvisarudzo kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. "

gadzirisa

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mutsva nezvifambiso ndege IL-476 anobatsira vashandi vake vachawana uye kuverenga kutiza uye wekushandisa ruzivo. The spatial nzvimbo itsva-chizvarwa ndege kunogona kukurumidza uye akapotsa pasina kukanganisa kuona chero ekunze, munzira pamusoro mhando dzose dzakaipa. Munguva yapfuura muchina zvose zvakashanda chete co-mutyairi, mutoro iro dzimwe nguva akakura zvikuru.

Zvino kabhini IL-476 (mufananidzo uri mukati paper) rine zviratidzo zvizhinji zvokuti mashoko zvose izvi inowanika chero mutyairi wendege, ari kuine kudiwa kuti kutsauswa kwakadzama pamwe aidzidzisa.

basa rose iri mumhuri ndege raitwa bedzi mune zvemagetsi chimiro, pamusoro azvino midziyo kombiyuta uye zvirongwa inokosha. Izvi zvose akabvumira kurerutsa mukana zvakagadzirwa zvikanganiso uye zvikanganiso. Kazhinji, midziyo yekare, iro richiri kushandiswa mudzimba ndege maindasitiri, dzakawanda itsva pagondobwe ichi ndege zvakagadzirwa uye gadzira ndechokungoti zvisingaitiki.

Mamiriro pagadzirwe chirimwa

Pari, "Aviastar-SP" Kugadzirwa zvebhizimisi iro ndege itsva vachange kutengeswa yakabereka, ari skyrocketing. Zvinonzi nhasi paungano hangars zvinenge 13 motokari mumatanho siyana peungano. Hurumende wakakugadzirirai chipfuro kuunza nyaya kushoma 18 ndege pagore. Kunze kakawanda ataurwa 39 ndege nokuda kwehondo, mauto anoda kuti dzinenge 50 motokari.

Uyezve, kufarira magadzirirwo itsva hwakaratidzwa vamiririri Ushumiri Emergency Zvinozivikanwa, izvo kutoronga kutenga anenge matanhatu ndege. Sezvo vamiririri chirimwa, izvozvo vakaronga kutenga vamwe madhipatimendi of Interior hwoUmambo uye FSB, uyewo dzinoverengeka dzimwe vatengi.

Mukuwedzera, fekitari ane rakakwana yakatarwa uye yokugadzirisa An-124-100 "Ruslan", izvo nyika yedu iri yakawanda achiri. In zviduku zvakawanda yakabereka Tu-204SM. Zvinonzi zvakare aronga dhipuroya zvebhizimisi-kusunungurwa vanokwanisa idzva MS-21. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti chirimwa anofanira kudanana mirairo zvakakwana. Ndinofara kuti vakawanda vavo achasimbisa nyika wedu kudzivirira.