The wokupedzisira mambo China: zita, Biography

The wokupedzisira mambo China - Pu Yi - imwe iconic mufananidzo munhau China. Zvaive munguva yokutonga kwake, nyika yakava yachinjwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva monarchical kune muKomonisiti, papera ava chakakomba mutambi ari dzakawanda munhandare.

zita Meaning

In China, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kududza zita mambo, wakapa kwaari pakuzvarwa - yaiva emakore tsika. Mambo wokupedzisira zita raiva maungira China, unoenderana namambo - "Syuantun" ( "kubatanidza").

mhuri

Last Emperor of China chaizvoizvo Chinese zvizvarwa haana. mhuri yake Aisin Gioro ( «Golden rudzi") vaiva chiManchu Qing youmambo, iro rakatonga panguva iyoyo, makore anopfuura mazana mashanu.

Baba Pu I Zaifeng, Prince Chun, vakabata yakakwirira chinzvimbo musimba nechinzvimbo chepamusoro (wechipiri Grand Duke), asi mambo kumbova. Kazhinji, baba Pu I simba uye hanya nechinhu zvematongerwe enyika.

Mother Pu I Yulan aiva murume zvechokwadi hunhu. Akamutswa baba mukuru, akaramba aidzorwa yose youmambo dare uye kurangwa nokuda kuchangotanga mhosva. Izvi kunetseka vari vashandi uye vanhu chaizvoizvo Yulan vakaenzana chinzvimbo. Varanda, ngomwa, aigona kuurayiwa nokuda chero hariguti naye Kutarira kamwe kunyange vakarova mwanasikana.

Direct mutongi China akanga Sekuru Pu Yi, uyewo hama Tszayfena - Tszaytyan, akazonzi "Guangxu". Yaiva mutsivi wake ndokuva wokupedzisira Emperor of China.

udiki

Pu Yi aifanira kukwira chigaro sezvo mangwanani sezvo zera maviri. Pashure paizvozvo, wokupedzisira Emperor pakati China (Makore oupenyu: 1906-1967) rave zvifambiswe kune wakarambidzwa City - nguva yakagara mutongo Vanhu vose China.

Pu Yi aivawo achikurumidza kugumbuka uye mupfungwa mwana, saka kutamira kune imwe nzvimbo itsva uye kugadza kuriunza kwaari chinhu asi misodzi.

Kuchema kusaka. Pashure pokufa kwake muna 1908 Tszaytyanya izvozvo zvakaitika kuti mwana ari makore akaenda Empire, ruri mumatope okunamata chikwereti, urombo uye akatyisidzira kuparara. Chikonzero ichi chaiva nyore: inoshusha Yulan akasimbisa pfungwa yokuti Tszaytyan zvakakuvadza pfungwa, uye akaita kuti mutsivi wake akagadzwa mwanakomana hama anotonga mambo, yaiva Pu Yi

Mukomana somugumisiro, akagovera regent baba vake, haana ikapenya kufanoona kana enyika savvy, uye ipapo hapana chakasiyana zvikuru-tete Lun Yu kwaari. Handizive kuti baba vangu Pu ndaitosvika ndamboona pauduku kana kuyaruka.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Pu Yi aiva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mwana utano (kunze nomudumbu matambudziko), upenyu mafaro. Vazhinji nguva iri wakarambidzwa City yokupara mambo hwakapedzerwa mudare ngomwa pamwe mitambo uye vakataura vanamukoti vakamupoteredza makore masere.

Special kuremekedza uye tichimutya Pu ndaratidzwa pamberi kunzi mai mukuru Duan Kan. Ndicho ichi kuzviomesera mukadzi kuti adzidzise muduku Pu I kuva zaznaykoy kwete kunyadzisa vavakidzani.

Military kubvuta masimba uye abdication

The wokupedzisira mambo China, ane Biography kwakasimbiswa imwe mitemo zvikuru inosuruvarisa ari kunyora nezvavo - pfuurei makore matatu (3 years uye 2 months). Pashure Xinhai Revolution pamusoro 1911 Lun Yu akasaina chiito abdication (muna 1912).

Hurumende itsva andisiya shure Pu I Imperial Palace uye dzimwe ropafadzo, izvo aivimba yakakwirira hunhu. Zvichida zvakakanganisa kuremekedza simba kuti tinoberekwa vokuChina DNA. Kunyanya Mukusiyana kune Chinese chimurenga kubva Soviet, apo mhuri raitonga naMambo Nicholas II akanga zvakaipa maererano nemitemo udzvinyiriri, uye pasina zvechokwadi vanhu.

Uyezve, hurumende itsva andisiya Pu I kodzero dzidzo. Last Emperor of China nemakore gumi kudzidza Chirungu, aizivawo kuti chiManchu uye Chinese. By default, kuda uye mirayiro Konufutsiya. mudzidzisi Chirungu Pu Yi, Rezhninald Johnston, akazvivakirapo woKumadokero chaiyo uye kunyange akamupa European zita - Henry. Handizive kuti avo vaiita mitauro Pu Yi haana kufanana, uye akadzidzisa kwazvo achitsutsumwa (pagore aigona kuongorora chete vanenge makumi matatu mashoko), ukuwo Chirungu, pamwe Johnston akadzidzisa nokungwarira kukuru uye kushingaira.

Pu Yi akaroora zvikuru mangwanani, panguva yaaiva nemakore gumi nematanhatu, mwanasikana mukuru mukuru Wang Nhema. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukadzi pamutemo Pu handina kugutsikana, saka sezvo anoda (kana nevarongo) akatora Wen Xiu.

Hapana (uye hapana) asinganetseki nokuda mambo akararama saizvozvo kusvikira 1924, apo vanhu Republic of China kunge kwaenzaniswa kuti vamwe vagari. Pu Yi nomudzimai wake vaifanira kusiya Forbidden City.

Manchukuo

Pashure makatodzinga nhaka Estates Pu ndakaenda kwakadziva kumabvazuva China - territtoriyu, dzinodzorwa nemauto eJapan. Muna 1932 ndipo rakavambwa munhu quasi-mamiriro inonzi Manchukuo. Yaiva mutongi wake uye akava wokupedzisira Emperor of China. History, zvisinei, nzvimbo iri kwenguva kubatikana Chinese nharaunda chaiva oneka. simba Real, kufanana muCommunist China, Pu Yi muna Manchukuo akanga asina. Chero magwaro akanga asina kuverenga uye dzakasaina navo pasina kutarira, rinenge pasi achiudzwa wechiJapanese "varairiri". Kufanana Nicholas II, uyo Pu Yi haana kusikirwa kuti utungamiriri chaihwo, kunyanya munyika yakadaro huru uye matambudziko. Zvisinei, zvakanga Manchukuo wokupedzisira mambo China aigona kamwe zvakare kudzokera yaizivikanwa upenyu, uye izvo zvakazoita kuti Second World War.

New dzokugara "mambo" akava guta Changchun. Nharaunda iyi quasi-inoti chaiva chakakura - vanopfuura miriyoni mativi makiromita rimwe vemo vanhu mamiriyoni 30. Panzira, nokuda asiri kuziva League of Nations Manchukuo Japan aifanira kusiya sangano kuti akazova kumumvuri dzeUN. More kuziva chokwadi kuti kwemakore gumi, kusvikira pakuguma Second World War, pamwe Manchukuo yakasimbiswa nedzenyu ukama dzakawanda dzokuEurope uye Asian. simbi Italy, Romania, France, Denmark, Croatia, Hong Kong Vakaita Somuenzaniso,.

Sezvineiwo, paitonga Pu Yi pamusoro Manchukuo upfumi akasimbiswa. Izvi zvakaitika nokuda guru mubhizimisi zvemari muJapan munzvimbo: wakawedzera migodhi (mhangura, marasha), kutanga kurima uye rinorema indasitiri.

Uyewo, Pu Yi zvikuru ushamwari vokuJapan Emperor Hirohito. Nokuda kusangana naye Pu kaviri Ndakashanyira Japan.

pakutapwa Soviet

Muna 1945 Red Army akadzinga Japanese mauto kubva kumiganhu yavo okumabvazuva uye akaenda Manchukuo. Kwaiva kwakarongwa kuti Pu Yi achaitwa nokukurumidza akatumira Tokyo. Zvisinei, mauto eSoviet akasvika Mukden, uye Pu Yi akaendeswa nendege kune Soviet Union. Akanga aedza kuti "mhosva hondo" kana, asi, nokuti aiva chidzoyi kwehurumende Japanese.

Pakutanga, wokupedzisira mambo China aiva Chita, kwaakatsanya uye mhosva uye asungwa. Chita akanga zvifambiswe kuna Khabarovsk, kwaakachengetwa mukamba POW yepamusoro pamisara. Ikoko Pu Yi kaiva nomunda pairi aigona kuita nekurima.

Panguva Tokyo muitiro Pu Ndakazviratidza sechapupu mukavapupurira Japan. Kudzokera China, haana kuda, chero zvodini, saka zvinoguma kutamira kuUnited States kana Great Britain. Chinese aristocrat akatya idzva Chinese hurumende, rinotungamirirwa Mao Zedong. Money parwendo, akanga, sezvo vose zvishongo akagara naye. In Chita Pu I akatoedza apfuure Soviet uchenjeri tsamba, iyo aitaurirwa US President Geri Trumenu, asi hazvina kuitika.

Kudzokera China

Muna 1950, vakuru vakuru veSoviet akapa Pu I China. Ikoko, aimbova mambo atongwa inoti "hondo mhosva." Hakuna kwaari Chokwadi, haana inopiwa. Pu Yi akava vanhuwo vasungwa pasina chero ropafadzo. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye kwazvo chinyararire akatora zvose matambudziko mujeri upenyu.

Paaiva muusungwa, Pu Yi hafu kushanda nguva yakawandisa pagadzirwe mabhokisi nokuda mapenzura uye mumwe - kudzidza pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe kwakavakirwa mabasa Karl Marx uye Vladimir Lenin. Pamwe chete nevamwe vasungwa Pu Yi muchirongwa chokuvaka mujeri nhandare, womufekitari, uye kushingaira kuronga zvakanaka munharaunda.

Mujeri, Pu Yi kuzwa kuparadzana nomudzimai wake wechitatu, Li Yuqin.

Pashure makore mapfumbamwe ari mujeri Pu Yi akapiwa ruregero maitiro akanaka, uye pfungwa reeducation.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Akasunungura, Pu Yi akanga achigara Beijing. Akatora basa panguva Botanical Garden, paakange mubasa kurimwa orkideat. Pano, ndezvokuti, rakabatsira kugara muutapwa Soviet, apo Pu Yi akanga pedyo pasi.

Haachadi chinhu haana kumbozviti kana aida chinhu. In kukurukura akanga netsika, muzvininipise, anokudzwa nomwero.

Basa zvake Chinese mugari iri hatimanikidzwi chaizvo Pu Yi Akadzidza zvakanga mumwoyo, uye akashanda ari Biography ake vanoda "Kubva Emperor kuna Citizen".

Muna 1961, Pu Yi akabatana CCP uye akava nhengo State Archives. Mumakore 58, iye ari manda kumapango ari Archive, ndokubatana Chinese Political vanobva Council.

Pakupera upenyu Pu ndakasangana mudzimai wake wechina (uye pakupedzisira), uyo akararama kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva. Zita rake raiva Lee Shuasyan. Aishanda somukoti uye iri nyore huru vasingagoni kuzvirumbidza. Lee aiva muduku zvikuru Pu Yi, muna 1962 akanga nemakore 37 chete okuberekwa. Asi pasinei musiyano chakakomba munguva, vaviri akararama vachifara kwemakore mashanu, kusvikira muna 1967, Pu Yi vakashaya nekenza chiropa.

Zvinofadza kuti Lee Shuasyan ndiye chete mukadzi mukadzi Chinese, Pu Yi nokuti chizvarwa muManchuria Chokwadi, kusingaenzaniswi.

Zvekushandisa musi Pu mariro uye akatora PDA, nokudaro achiratidza kuremekedza yokupedzisira mambo China. The muviri yakanga cremated.

Vana Pu Yi haana kubva mumwe wemadzimai mana.

Ita Shuasyan akafa muna 1997, rakapona murume wake kwemakore makumi matatu.

Pu Yi ari mabhaisikopo

Nhoroondo Pu Yi hwainakidza chaizvo, kuti akasikwa inobva mufananidzo "The Last Emperor". A firimu hwemazuva mambo China akatora Italian Director Bernardo Bertolucci muna 1987.

Film vatsoropodzi relished nyaya, iro rave nechokuita yokupedzisira mambo China: firimu kugamuchira anenge kunonyanyisa wakatarwa.

The mufananidzo kwakabudirira zvikuru: mumakwikwi "Oscar" iri muzvikwata mapfumbamwe, "Golden Globe" mana, uye "Cesar" Award "Felix" uye "Grammy" uye wokuva kubva Japanese Academy Awards.

Ndicho wokupedzisira mambo China, firimu iyo saka zvinobudirira akatendeuka immortalized munyika ounyanzvi.

zvinhu

Kubvira pauduku, Pu Yi ainakidzwa nyika yakavapoteredza. Ari nokukwezvwa mhuka pakuongorora, raakanga vanodikanwa. Little Pu Yi aida kutamba makamera avo, vakatarira kuona sei kuronga kurarama masvosve akatunhidzwa earthworms. Mune ramangwana, mumwe chido hunhu yava simba chete, kana Pu Yi akava mushandi ari botanical mubindu.

Kukosha muenzaniso munhau Pu Yi

Muenzaniso Pu Yi zvikuru yo nhau basa mukupera XIX - mangwanani XX remakore. Ake umambo, uyewo anoverengeka European, kwete hunobatsira nguva itsva uye vaisagona kupindura ake okukurumidzira zvinoda.

Last Chinese mambo Pu Vamunozadza Biography zvakanga zvakaoma uye kuchirwadza, aiva neimwe nzira imwe mubatwa nenhoroondo.

Vakanga vasina mari mamiriro China zvokuti inorema uye dzimwe feuds pakati vanoremekedzwa simba zvakakwana, zvichida, Pu Yi pakupedzisira aigona kuva kupfuura European ose Asian madzimambo. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvakaitika zvakasiyana. Nokufamba kwenguva, Pu Yi zvakanaka zvakakodzera mune kommunististicheskuyu bato uye akatanga kudzivirira ayo zvavanofarira.