The State Museum of History of Cosmonautics (Kaluga): tsananguro, kushanda maawa, mari kushanya. Space Museum (Kaluga): wongororo

Kaluzhane vanodavira kuti nyika yavo rakapiwa riwedzere kuti kukura simba renyukireya uye nzvimbo kudziongorora. The miziyamu, izvo kudada Kaluga, riri kunyatsoreva muguta rino. Kuvaka pasi rising rine rakasiyana Exhibits, achiudza nezvenhoroondo astronautics, akatanga kuvaka muna 1936. Akapedza chikamu remangwana zvakaoma rokutanga rava imba-miziyamu pakati KE Tsiolkovsky.

Ipapo hondo yakatanga. Kwekanguva handina vakakanganwa zvakaoma Kaluga. Kuvaka miziyamu nzvimbo mberi pashure 1945. Nokukurumidza, pamusoro mawere norwizi mupaki Yachenki chivakwa ano yawedzera spectacularly, apo Exhibits pakati dzakasiyana vakanga vachinyatsoongorora inounganidzwa.

Kuvaka miziyamu

Muna 1957, iye akaiswa muchadenga rakagadzirwa nevanhu Satellite Nyika. Akazarura peji mutsva munhoroondo yevanhu. Mumakore maviri chikuru masayendisiti Soviet yakabudisa tsamba. Rakati kuti zvakakosha kuvaka zvakaoma umo kwendege chaizozadziswa vakaungana. Muna 1960, kwakasarudzwa kusika muzinda astronautics. Museum of Kaluga iyo vakatanga kuvaka pakarepo, rakavambwa pashure pokuongorora dzinopfuura 230 mabasa ezvivako. Vanyori basa, izvo rakazoshandiswa, vakapiwa State Prize of RSFSR. Muna 1961, Yuriya Alekseevicha Gagarina vakokwa aise ibwe rokutanga. Akanhonga ari trowel, akavhomora kubva muhomwe yake mari, akairatidza hwakada takapoteredzwa nevanhu vake. Achinyemwerera chiso, akaisa sendi pamusoro yekare tsika yokutanga chidhinha. Zvino vakakurumidza vakatanga kuisa imwe zvidhina panguva. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti iye virtuoso ane trowel. Pakupedzisira, mumwe asitironati akasimuka, akapa chombo vavaki uye akamutsa maoko ake, achigamuchira vechikamu. Kaluzhane nechido akamupindura dutu guru maoko. Saka, kutanga cosmonaut wenyika, akateya nheyo iyo pashure akavaka miziyamu kuti nhoroondo astronautics. Kaluga muna 1967 mune rimwe dzakatarwa mhemberero akazarura mikova ayo kune vaenzi vokutanga. At Panovhurwa asitironati yakasvika AG Nikolaev, uyo akataura panguva dziite.

Zvino pane kuvaka pakuvaka miziyamu wechipiri. nzvimbo yacho 4 nguva mukuru kupfuura pakutanga kuvakwa. Chivako chitsva, iine mapuriro matatu kupa chiedza, sezvo zvakavakwa regirazi uye kongiri. In zvichanzi kushanda elevators uye escalators. With denga rayo uye murwere anovhura zvinoshamisa maonero Yachenskoe Dam. Inopa kuti vanhu vakaremara kuchavawo kukwanisa vanokwira padenga uye kuti akataura achipfeka. Munhu wose achava nemukana kushanyira ano mabhaisikopo, kuti ndiitewo "nzvimbo kufamba" umo vachava kunzwa kutekenyedzwa pamusoro orbital kutiza. Zvichaita kushanda "yepasi pose Cafe." Uyezve, zvimwe zvinoshamisa uye anokosha migumisiro miziyamu vashandi vakawanda wakagadzirirwa vaenzi.

On a mawere materu Yachenki

The paka, izvo zvinogona kufadza mukuru musayendisiti Tsiolkovsky, ndiyo obelisk. Museum (Kaluga) - hereinafter, wokutanga nhoroondo astronautics pfungwa iri panzvimbo. It ane nyore uye laconic siyana. chivakwa pokugara - chiri elongated rectangle. Long longitudinal Masvingo - matsi, inoguma - segirazi, glazed. Zvinonzi midzi kurutivi rwezasi chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika rakagadzirwa aruminiyamu.

It ane chimiro wehunyambiri ellipsoid uye ichibuda pamusoro pedenga miziyamu. chikamu ichi anopa Chivako imwe Aura simba uye kunoratidza kwevanhu budiriro muchadenga. Pedyo ibhuku rakasiyana panze mumiziyamu zvikuru anoedza kudenga - chitundumuseremusere "Vostok", inomira unokosha nechigadziko. Izvi - kwete kopi, uye chitundumuseremusere understudy.

How kuvaka dzimba dzose miziyamu?

The kunzwisisa ine anoverengeka zvikamu. Mariri kuina Nhanganyaya kamuri, nenzvimbo yacho Biography (science) KE Tsiolkovsky uye Implementation pfungwa dzake. Panewo chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika. Zvakajeka kugoverana nyaya dzimba vanoumba chete nzvimbo. The sezvamunoita Exhibits nounyanzvi pokugara. Color zano kunobatsira kuti pave akanaka yaipinda kwavari uye Kuziviswa chikuru pfungwa yacho kuratidza zvizere. In akagadzira yaishandiswa: seinäkartta kupenda, waMosesi Graphics, chivezwa, mifananidzo. All rinoongorora nezvaJesu kuratidza kukura astronautics. Museum of Kaluga iyo hanya nesimba, nguva achiudza pamwe Exhibits itsva.

In wokutanga horo yacho

The Mushanyi anotanga rokuongorora yacho zvakaoma pamwe pakuvhurwa horo. In iri understudy yokutanga kubata pasi Satellite. The chinhu ari muchadenga mazuva makumi maviri nezvitanhatu. understudy ake hwakatamisirwa miziyamu. Akaturika mudenga penzvimbo pechivanze uye akayangarara muchadenga. Kurema Satellite - 83,6 makirogiramu, dhayamita - 80 cm Kutenderera nguva vakapoteredza pasi - maminitsi 96,17. Panewo rudzi "Mashoko" akazara inoratidzirwa - rakasiyana nemamwe zviratidzwa. wezvidimbu ichi "vanhu Soviet - vatsvakurudzi pakati pezvakasikwa." Kusikwa akakura. It anopindura imwe nzvimbo porusvingo 180 sq. m., uye hurukuro pamusoro kushanda vanhu, mapiyona nzvimbo. Ari pamwe nemashoko KE Tsiolkovsky.

The kamuri - Biography KE Tsiolkovsky muzvinyorwa ake

In hombe regirazi nyaya pamadziro inoratidza kukura chombo michina. It airatidza hope ndege kwevanhu, kubva kare, kuti Renaissance uye gare gare emakore. Kukanganwa mazita Leonardo da Vinci, Copernicus, Newton, Lomonosov. Mahwindo nomumwe anonyorwa mabasa KE Tsiolkovsky pamusoro aeronautics. Uyezve, zvinoratidza muenzaniso airship, izvo akasika musayendisiti. More basa rake anowanika pamusoro aerodynamics, uye avhiyesheni.

Hekuno marongerwo of ndege AF Mozhaiskogo chokuita 1881. More muna 1878 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky zvairatidza zvaibvira ndege muchadenga, zvakawanda chaizvo, ari interplanetary kukurukurirana. Zvino waiva nemanyepo wakakwana. Ipapo akauya pakugumisa kuti chete chokufambisa - chinhu chitundumuseremusere. Achitsanangura munhu spacewalk, Tsiolkovsky anopa rondedzero yacho spacesuit asitironati. basa rake, akanga achiperekedzwa kwete chete nokuda Masvomhu, asiwo vanodhirowa. Also hwakaratidza mabhuku akabudiswa nezvake kwose.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru mumba - murume uye pezvakasikwa

Rine jeti injini. Pakati pechivanze ndiwo marongerwo yacho "Vostok" uye pikicha Panel "Exit cosmonaut Mazura mu noruvazhe." Pakarepo - "Mir" orbital yemapurisa. Zviri wakazaruka kune voruzhinji. Uyezve, pane makopi ane hazvizivi Earth Satellite zvizere size:

• "Iziwi rokuti kosmos-166" chidzidzo kwezuva.
• "Iziwi rokuti kosmos-108" nokuti kuongorora kwechadenga.
• "Purotoni", inodzidza mukuru-simba inoramba.
• "Molniya-1", iro transmits purogiramu dzeterevhizheni.

Makopi lunik uzere size:

• AMC "Luna-9", "Luna 16" izvo munhu ari kure nezvokumwe selenium.
• Collection hwemwedzi ivhu.

Nokuti zvidzidzo pamusoro Mars uye Venus vakashandisa chiteshi "Mars-3" uye "Venus-9". Vanewo kuiswa Museum of History of Cosmonautics. Kaluga haasati ave nzvimbo yakakwana pokugara ose makuru nzvimbo.

The centerpiece

Most zvose, chinokwezva pfungwa vashanyi chepakuvamba kumhara chitundumusere-musere motokari "Soyuz-34" ejection chigaro "East" ane chokunyepera asitironati. Asi masutu - kununurwa nokuda extravehicular basa. Uye Space zvokudya, kuzvicheka-propelled muchina "Lunokhod-2" zvakarudzwa dzakabatwa pamwe nyika. Kugadzirira kushanda mutakuri chitundumuseremusere pamwe chitundumusere-musere zvinopa pfungwa rwekuita muenzaniso cosmodrome "Baikonur".

Sezvo mukuru kakasaririra Space Museum (Kaluga) akaramba logbook wokutanga cosmonaut. Hazvina diki. Yakagadzirwa munhu zvawanyora muchadenga vari zvakarurama zvinoonekwa Earth kubva muchadenga, sei denga zvinoonekwa, kana aona jengachenga zvakakwana uye dzimwe nyaya.

azere nyeredzi

Double masuwo zvakasimba namahwindo chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika vashanyi. Zvino mashiripiti zvinoitika. Chiedza anobuda zvishoma nezvishoma. Murima hurukuro yacho horo. Zvinova asingaoneki muchina akamira pakati rwakapoteredza imba. It zvimwe akayeuchidza hwiza, chete huru, pamwe chisina kutsetseka mabvi. Uyezve, mudzidzisi anoti vashanyi zvose Dzanyarara. Anotungamirira nyaya yakakurumbira muongorori wenyeredzi, aigara mazuva akare muItaly. zita rake - Giovanni Schiaparelli. Akavhura kuti "gwara" Mars. Schiaparelli agere kwemaawa murima pameso angu kunzwa chiedza kupfuura vasingakoshi. Chete pashure mazano akadaro anogona kuonekwa kuburikidza eyepiece kuti teresikopu.

Saka, asati vateereri rinowanika velvety kudzika denga usiku. It fascinates uye dzinokwezva. Enyeredzi marozari. Hakuna imwe gore. Kusimba kudenga achirova kuchena kusaverengeka. Zvinoita yakatarwa mumhanzi, uye kupararira nyeredzi dzakawanda rinofukidza rakakura rising pamusoro pemisoro yazvo. Facilities vakaita kuwedzera kukura uye akazadzwa muchitonhorera nousiku. Kutaura zvazviri, chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika mazibota haisi rukuru asi sezvinoita chokwadi, uye sei chaizvo nayo anotarisa. Vateereri haabatsiri asi anofarira. Ane rokusika yokusvika kuna basa nzvimbo miziyamu vashanyi (Kaluga). Chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika kushanya anenge munhu wose anouya zvakaoma ichi. Kana chirongwa anouya kupera, izvo zvinoreva kuti usiku kunotsiviwa mambakwedza. Stars kunyunguduka somuriwo. Dawn anosimuka, izvozvo hadzitani chaipenya mumwe wechipiri. Fire discs chiedza iri kumabvazuva. Chinosimbisa ano guta Kaluga.

Zvadaro ruzivo lecturers chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika vashanyi Shamwaridzana nhoroondo mufananidzo nzvimbo, vanhu kubva kare, nemamiriro edu renzou, okunze ari mamwe mapuraneti. Ivo vanotaura pamusoro pezvakaitwa kuitika zuva uye makadzika nedzimwe nyeredzi kure. Chete ipapo unogona yakarova simba noukuru zvakasikwa. Chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika pamwe yazvino unobereka kwazvo aesthetic zvishande ruzivo. Nokuti hunokosha nzvimbo pfungwa miziyamu mudonzvo ndikaisa mariri chimedu meteorite, izvo zvinogona kubatwa.

Chiizve ari chikamu miziyamu?

The kunzwisisa rinosanganisira miziyamu-imba LA Chizhevskogo uye dzimba mbiri KE Tsiolkovsky. Mumwe ari Borovsk, mumwe - mu Kaluga. The rimwe Kaluga, iri yepakarepo munharaunda miziyamu. Uye ipapo unogona kuona omukati, umo anopfuura zana adarika, akararama Tsiolkovsky. Akagara Kaluga, makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, vakatenga imba muna 1904, kwete kure kubva kurwizi. Chivako chaiva chimwe-storey. Asi makore mana gare gare muchirimo maiva guru mafashamo - mvura nemvura imba. The mhuri akatamira vavakidzani, uye Tsiolkovsky aiva atiki nemabhuku ake, manyoro uye zviridzwa. Zvose zvinodiwa, akauyisa pamusoro muchikepe. Kana mvura yaenda, zhizha yave yakavakwa pamusoro rimwe mezzanine uye chinjiri, uye, mukuwedzera, uye mushedhi. Mezzanine akava cabinet. It kunochengetwa mariri yapakuvamba zvinhu musayendisiti. A Biravira ikava Studio. Nawo Tsiolkovsky akaenda padenga, apo vanoita kuedza uye vakatarisa shiri dzinobhururuka, akatarira denga rizere nenyeredzi usiku.

Kaluga Space Museum: oparesheni

The miziyamu mukana zuva kunze Muvhuro, kubva gumi o'clock mangwanani kusvikira matanhatu manheru. Mugovera - kusvika manomwe. On Chitatu, pakutanga okutanga kunonoka kweawa. Asi kwenguva refu nokushanda usiku - maawa 21. Akapa rokutsvaira zuva. Zvinonzi kuitwa musi wokupedzisira Friday romwedzi. vanofara kugamuchira vashanyi vaenzi Kaluga. Space Museum, oparesheni chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika maererano purogiramu yose kunzwisisa. Nokuti zvivanakire Vashanyi zvikamu zvose zvakaoma anosvinurira panguva imwe chete.

tikiti mitengo

State Museum of Cosmonautics (Kaluga) mutengo mabasa inopa mwero. Munhu wose akanga anamakore gumi namatanhatu, akashanyira zvakaoma pachena. Nokuti vadzidzi uye avo pamusoro pensions, tikiti mutengo - zana rubles. Nokuti vaya vari kushanda - zana namakumi mashanu. Photos anogona kuitwa nokubhadhara zvimwe rubles mazana maviri.

User Reviews

Avo vakashanyira Space Museum (Kaluga), vachisiya zvikuru nechido nezvaro, uchinyora zvose kuona uye achiratidza pamusoro mapikicha. Recommend kushanyira vose shamwari uye vatorwa. Uyewo vayemura basa uye chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika, sezvo screenings zvose vari kumusoro rwokugadzira chechetere. Mark uye zvakwo chaizvo nyaya iri iyo dzaiitisa Tours vari chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika. Isu tiri kukurudzira iwe kushanyira nzvimbo miziyamu Pandakangowana mukana. Kana chete nekuti yechipiri kwakadaro munyika yedu havana.